Most of the 322 deleted or modified links were updated because they were found (most often automatically) to be redundant (44) or inconsistent with other links (about 240). Inconsistencies were most often detected because category exclusion was violated, which happens when a category is directly or indirectly classified as subtype or instance of categories that are linked by an exclusion link (one of the few in WordNet or the many in our top-level ontology). For example, this has permitted to catch objects classified both as action and agent/instrument/result of action (e.g. #relaxant, #interpretation) or communication medium/content (e.g. #epilog, #thanksgiving), or both as communication medium/content and a physical entity (e.g. #book_jacket) or an attribute (e.g. #academic_degree), or the mis-use of links such as subtypeOf instead of locationOf (e.g. many city/regions where battles have occured were classified both as city/regions and battles) or memberOf (e.g. between some species and their genus).
Redundancy was detected by exploiting the transitivity of specialization, partOf and memberOf links. Apart from exclusion and specialization links, I have not exploited the combination of other links for detecting inconsistencies or redundancies. For example, I should exploit the fact that "if t2 specializes t1, and t1 memberOf t0, then t2 memberOf t0" as this will detect more redundant links in WordNet (e.g. the fact that both #dog and its subtype #hound_dog are member of #pack.animal_group would be detected). I also have not exploited negative constraints such as "if t2 specializes t1, then t2 cannot be linked by any other kind of link to t1" but it does not seem that WordNet 1.7 has many redundancies of this kind.
Table of Content
Of the 120 removed links, 44 were removed because they were redundant (see the strings "already" in our annotations), 61 because they led to an inconsistency, and 14 because I connected the direct subtypes of #entity and #abstraction to various more precise types of our top-level ontology and decided to cut the links to #entity and #abstraction. These 14 links were cut because (i) in WordNet, #entity and #abstraction are catch-all categories (with a set of rather unrelated direct subtypes) which are too general to serve any purpose for knowledge representation tasks (see the strings "too general for KR" below), and (ii) there is no point in showing these two types each time the supertype hierarchy of a type is displayed (this hierarchy is already big and these types bring no new information).
In the following annotations, expressions like "'<' #entity removed" mean that the '<' link between the source category (#whole_thing in the first considered case) and its destination (#entity) has been removed.
#wn00002596|whole_thing__whole__unit (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the repairman simply replaced the unit"^)
p #part.physical_object #section.part;
#wn00012351|holy_of_holies (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ something that is regarded as inviolable or sacred; "every politician fears to touch that holy of holies, the Social Security System"^);
#wn00013683|substance__matter (^$('<' #physical_object removed since categorised as dolce#physical_object which is exclusive with dolce#amount_of_matter under which #substance is categorised)$ that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter"^);
#wn00019347|space (^$('<' #abstraction removed since too general for KR)$ the unlimited 3-dimensional expanse in which everything is located; "they tested his ability to locate objects in space"^)
p #location #aerospace;
#wn00022245|attribute (^$('<' #abstraction removed since too general for KR)$ an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity^);
#wn00022557|relation (^$('<' #abstraction removed since too general for KR)$ an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together^);
#wn00206111|sleep_talking__somniloquy__somniloquism (^$('<' #utterance removed since #sleeping (process) is exclusive with #utterance (communication content); the process sense has been selected because it is more convenient for knowledge representation)$ uttering speech while asleep^)
< #sleeping;
#wn00222476|leg.distance (^$('<' #travel removed since if it is a distance, it cannot be a traveling, which is a process)$ (nautical) the distance traveled by a sailing vessel on a single tack^)
< #distance.size;
#wn00417237|facility__facilities (^$('<' #services replaced by pm#thing_that_can_be_seen_as_a_relation; "facilities" added as name)$ services and space and equipment provided for a particular purpose; "catering facilities"; "toilet facilities"^);
#wn00778804|laughter (^$('<' #reflexion removed since #reflexion < #relation)$ the act of laughing; the manifestation of joy or mirth of scorn; "he enjoyed the laughter of the crowd"^)
< #human_action;
#wn00918115|Actium.naval_battle (^$('<' #town removed since a battle is not a town)$ the naval battle in which Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian's fleet under Agrippa in 31 BC^)
^ #naval_battle;
#wn00926813|Dunkerque__Dunkirk (^$('<' #amphibious_operation replaced by 'L'; '<' #evacuation could also have been replaced by 'L' but this link provide no real info so it has been removed)$ a city in northern France on the North Sea where in World War II (1940) 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk in a desperate retreat under enemy fire^)
^ #city;
#wn02277675|adder (^$('<' #calculator removed since #person and #machine are exclusive; "or person" also removed in annotation)$ a machine that adds^)
< #calculating_machine;
#wn02373474|barbiturate (^$('<' #drug_of_abuse removed since already #sedative-hypnotic_drug)$ organic compound having powerful soporific effect; overdose can be fatal^)
< #sedative-hypnotic_drug;
#wn02407250|benzodiazepine (^$('<' #sedative_drug removed since #minor_tranquilizer is already so)$ any of several similar lipophilic amines used as tranquilizers or sedatives or hypnotics or muscle relaxants; chronic use can lead to dependency^)
< #minor_tranquilizer #muscle_relaxant;
#wn02426705|blocking_agent__blocker (^$('<' #agent.causal_agent removed since #medicament already is so)$ a class of drugs that inhibit (block) some biological process^)
< #medicament;
#wn02935599|globe (^$('<' #model.representation_container removed since if it is a sphere (physical entity), it cannot be a model)$ a sphere on which a map (especially of the earth) is represented^)
< #sphere;
#wn03133337|lingerie (^$('<' #nightclothes removed since not all lingerie is #nightclothes)$ women's underwear and nightclothes^)
< #underwear;
#wn03178773|mask.covering (^$('<' #covering.artifact removed since already the case via #disguise.attire)$ a covering to disguise or conceal the face^)
< #disguise.attire ;
#wn03479359|relaxant (^$('<' #treatment removed because #treatment is an action while a relaxant is a drug, i.e. a causal_entity)$ a drug or treatment that relaxes and relieves tension^)
< #drug;
#wn03714099|depicted_object__subject__content (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation; "a moving picture of a train is more dramatic than a still picture of the same subject"^);
#wn03715790|subtracter (^$('<' #calculator removed since #person and #machine are exclusive; "or person" also removed in annotation)$ a machine that subtracts^)
< #calculating_machine;
#wn03900661|weaponry__arms__implements_of_war__weapons_system__munition (^$('<' #aggregation removed because this is more a system (collective interpretation of group) than a (distributive) collection, which is what most of the other specialization of #aggregation are)$ weapons considered collectively^)
< #instrumentality,
p #weapon;
#wn04561581|sputum__phlegm (^$('<' #liquid_body_substance removed since #mucus is already so)$ expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to cause sluggishness^)
< #mucus;
#wn04670622|imperforate_anus (^$('<' #birth_defect removed since #state and #body_part are exclusive; #anus (body part) has been selected instead of #birth_defec (state) because it is more convenient for knowledge representation)$ a congenital defect of the anus; there is partial or complete obstruction of the anal opening^)
< #anus;
#wn04679066|pharynx__throat (^$('p' #tastebud removed since #lingua already has for part #tastebud)$ the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone^)
< #tubular_cavity,
p #lingua #nasopharynx #oropharynx #laryngopharynx #pharyngeal_tonsil #pharyngeal_recess;
#wn04762327|language (^$("faculty_of_language" added as key; 'p' #lexis #lexicon removed (source replaced by sumo#language above) since a lexis is not part of a cognitive faculty/attribute)$ the mental faculty or power of vocal communication; "language sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals"^)
< #mental_faculty ;
#wn04723982|pelvis__pelvic_girdle__pelvic_arch__hip (^$('p' #ischium removed since already a part of #hip_joint)$ the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates^)
< #girdle,
p #coccyx #hipbone #ilium #os_pubis #sacrum #hip_joint;
#wn04796339|lifeline.support (^$('<' #support.influence removed because #support.influence is for immaterial support only and, as a subtype of #psychological_feature, is exclusive with #connectedness (subtype of #state))$ support that enables people to survive or to continue doing something (often by providing an essential connection); "the airlift provided a lifeline for Berlin"; "she offered me a lifeline in my time of grief"^)
< #connectedness;
#wn04914397|property__attribute__dimension (^$('<' #concept removed since < pm#description_content/medium/container which is exclusive with pm#attribute_or_measure; this is a partially arbitrary KR decision)$ a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished; "self-confidence is not an endearing property"^);
#wn04986571|religious_belief__religion__faith (^$('<' #theological_virtue removed since < #attribute which is exclusive with pm#description_content/medium/container)$ a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny; "he lost his faith but not his morality"^)
< #belief;
#wn05066471|paleoanthropology__palaeoanthropology__human_paleontology__human_palaeontology (^$('<' #anthropology removed since #vertebrate_paleontology already is so)$ the scientific study of human fossils^)
< #vertebrate_paleontology;
#wn05113735|classicism (^$('<' #artistic_style removed since exclusive with #humanistic_discipline, because pm#attribute_or_measure exclusive with pm#description_content/medium/container)$ a movement in literature and art during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe that favored rationality and restraint and strict forms; "classicism often derived its models from the ancient Greeks and Romans"^)
< #humanistic_discipline,
! #romanticism.artistic_style;
#wn05114053|romanticism.artistic_style (^$('<' #artistic_style removed since exclusive with #humanistic_discipline, because pm#attribute_or_measure exclusive with pm#description_content/medium/container)$ a movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization; "romanticism valued imagination and emotion over rationality"^)
< #humanistic_discipline,
! #classicism;
#wn05176321|hypermedia_system__hypermedia__interactive_multimedia__interactive_multimedia_system (^$('<' #ODBMS removed because in reality a OODMS may (or may not) be used as a part of an hypermedia_system)$ a multimedia system in which related items of information are connected and can be presented together^)
< #multimedia_system;
#wn05274187|epilogue__epilog (^$('<' #address.speech_act removed because action and communication section are exclusive and this is more a communication section (like #epilog is))$ a short speech (often in verse) addressed directly to the audience by an actor at the end of a play^)
< #close;
#wn05427577|show.social_event (^$('<' #communication removed since an event is not the content of a communication)$ a public exhibition or entertainment; "they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway"^)
< #social_event;
#wn05488849|academic_degree__degree (^$('<' #qualification.fittingness removed since #qualification.fittingness is an #attribute and this is a #subject_matter)$ an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study; "he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude"^)
< #accolade;
#wn05507861|slander (^$('<' #speech_act removed since a group of words is not an act)$ words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another^)
< #calumny;
#wn05509045|sass__sassing__backtalk__back_talk__lip__mouth (^$('<' #impudence removed since an impudence is an expression while riposte is an action; the action sense of sass has been selected because it is more convenient for knowledge representation than the expression sense)$ an impudent or insolent rejoinder; "don't give me any of your sass"^)
< #riposte;
#wn05562694|bar_sinister__bend_sinister (^$('<' #ordinary removed since #ordinary is an artifact and this is a symbol)$ a mark of bastardy; lines from top right to bottom left^)
< #mark.symbol;
#wn05856667|interpretation (^$('<' #speech_act removed since #speech_act is an action and this is more the result, a #subject_matter like #explanation.statement)$ an explanation resulting from interpreting something^)
< #explanation.statement;
#wn05870973|thanksgiving__grace__blessing (^$('<' #thanks.acknowledgment removed since thanks.acknowledgment is a subject_matter while a petition.prayer is an action; the action sense of thanksgiving has been selected because it is more convenient for knowledge representation than the subject_matter sense)$ a short prayer of thanks before a meal^)
< #petition.prayer;
#wn05912675|book_jacket__dust_cover__dust_jacket__dust_wrapper__wrapper (^$('<' #publicity removed since #publicity is a #subject_matter and this is more of an #artifact like #jacket.wrapping)$ a paper jacket for a book; a jacket on which promotional information is printed^)
< #jacket.wrapping;
#wn06114104|diffidence__self-doubt__self-distrust (^$('<' #personality removed since #personality is an attribute while this is more an emotion like #timidness)$ lack of self-confidence^)
< #timidness,
! #confidence;
#wn06347358|anchovy.food (^$('<' #mediterranean_anchovy removed since fish food is not a fish, and an anchovy is not always mediterranean)$ tiny Mediterranean fishes usually canned or salted; used for hors d'oeuvres or as seasoning in e.g. sauces^)
< #fish.food;
#wn06401295|Worcester_sauce__Worcestershire__Worcestershire_sauce (^$('<' #condiment removed since #sauce already is so)$ a savory sauce of vinegar and soy sauce and spices^)
< #sauce;
#wn06525796|pack.animal_group (^$('m' #hound_dog removed since #dog already so)$ a group of hunting animals^)
< #animal_group,
m #dog;
#wn06846427|desert (^$('<' #biome removed since #biome is a biotic community and this is a #geographical_area)$ an arid region with little or no vegetation^)
< #geographical_area;
#wn06911231|imaginary_place (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ a place said to exist in religious or fictional writings^);
#wn07069059|Greece__Hellenic_Republic__Ellas (^$('p' #Actium.naval_battle removed since a battle cannot be part of a country)$ town a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil^)
^ #Balkan_country,
p #Chaeronea #battle_of_Lepanto #battle_of_Leuctra #Mantinea #battle_of_Marathon #battle_of_Navarino #battle_of_Pharsalus #battle_of_Thermopylae #Aigina #Chios #Cyclades #Dodecanese #Lesbos #Rhodes #Crete #Ithaki #Mount_Athos #Athens #Actium #Attica #Corinth #Argos #Delphi #Mycenae #Epirus #Laconia #Boeotia #Thessaloniki #Thessalia #Arcadia #Peloponnese #Lemnos #Mount_Olympus #Mount_Parnassus #Saronic_Gulf,
m #Greek;
#wn07117699|Papua_New_Guinea__Independent_State_of_Papua_New_Guinea (^$('p' #New_Britain removed since #Bismarck_Archipelago already has for part #New_Britain)$ a parliamentary democracy on the eastern half of the island of New Guinea^)
^ #country,
p #Bismarck_Archipelago #Bougainville #Port_Moresby;
#wn07170724|France__French_Republic (^$('p' #battle_of_the_Marne #Chalons-sur-Marne #battle_of_Crecy #battle_of_Ivry #Meuse-Argonne_operation #siege_of_Orleans #battle_of_Poitiers #battle_of_Rocroi #battle_of_Saint_Mihiel #battle_of_Soissons-Reims #WWI_battle_of_the_Somme #WWI_battle_of_the_Somme #battle_of_Tertry #battle_of_Valmy #battle_of_Verdun #French_Revolution removed; now subtypes of pm#battle_in_France)$ a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe^)
^ #European_country,
p #Dunkerque #Paris #Bordeaux #Brest #Cannes #Chablis #Dijon #Grenoble #Le_Havre #Lille #Lyon #Marseille #Nancy #Nantes #Nice #Orleans #Toulouse #Versailles #Vichy #Riviera #French_region #Alsace #Anjou #Aquitaine #Artois #Auvergne #Bourgogne #Bretagne #Centre #Champagne-Ardenne #Corse #Franche-Comte #Gascogne #Ile-de-France #Languedoc-Roussillon #Limousin #Lorraine #Midi #Midi-Pyrenees #Nord-Pas-de-Calais #Pays_de_la_Loire #Picardie #Poitou-Charentes #Rhone-Alpes #Normandie #Orleanais #Provence #the_Alps #Garonne_River #Isere_River #Loire_River #Meuse_River #Mont_Blanc #Pyrenees #Rhine_River #Rhone_River #Sambre_River #Saone_River #Scheldt_River #Seine_River,
m #Basque.European #French_person;
#wn07250704|Gibraltar__Rock_of_Gibraltar__Calpe (^$('<' #colony and 'm' #Gibraltarian removed because a choice has to be made between the rock and the colony; "place of a" added in annotation)$ place of a colony of the United Kingdom located on a limestone promontory at the southern tip of Spain; strategically important because it can control the entrance of ships into the Mediterranean; one of the Pillars of Hercules^)
^ #promontory;
#wn07304076|Massachusetts__Bay_State__Old_Colony__MA (^$('p' #Lexington_and_Concord removed since a battle is not a place)$ a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies^)
^ #American_state,
p #Boston #Cambridge.Massachusetts #Concord.Massachusetts #Gloucester.Massachusetts #Lexington.Massachusetts #Medford.Massachusetts #Worcester.Massachusetts #Cape_Ann #Cape_Cod #Plymouth #Salem.Massachusetts #Berkshires #Charles_River #Housatonic_River #Merrimack_River;
#wn07381758|Africa (^$('p' #Djibouti #Ethiopia #Somalia removed since already part of #Somali_peninsula)$ the second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the India Ocean^)
^ #continent,
p #Boer_War #Barbary #Nubia #African_country #Namibia #Algeria #Angola #Burundi #Republic_of_Cameroon #Central_African_Republic #Republic_of_Chad #Republic_of_the_Congo #Congo #Ivory_Coast #Benin #Togo #Equatorial_Guinea #Roman_Empire #Rwanda #Botswana #Egypt #Kenya #Gabon #Gambia #Ghana #Guinea #Guinea-Bissau #Lesotho #Liberia #Libya #Republic_of_Madagascar #Malawi #Mali #Mauritania #Morocco #Mozambique #Niger #Nigeria #Senegal #Sierra_Leone #Somali_peninsula #South_Africa #Sudan #Republic_of_the_Sudan #Swaziland #Tanzania #Tunisia #Ottoman_Empire #Uganda #Zambia #Zimbabwe #Sahara_Desert #Sub-Saharan_Africa #West_Africa #Lake_Chad #Lake_Tanganyika #Lake_Victoria #Shari_River;
#wn07386850|the_Americas__America (^$('p' #Central_America removed since already part of North_America)$ North and South America^)
< #dry_land,
p #North_America #South_America;
#wn07389796|anticipation (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ some early entity whose type or style anticipates a later one; "there were many anticipations of Darwinian theory"; "the hour glass was an anticipation of the clock"^);
#wn07397041|Asia (^$('p' #North_Korea #South_Korea #Outer_Mongolia and #Oman #Qatar_Peninsula #United_Arab_Emirates #Yemen removed since already 'p' #Korea #Mongolia and #Arabian_Peninsula)$ the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations^)
^ #continent,
p #Asian_country #Asia_Minor #Afghanistan #Southeast_Asia #China #Turkistan #Canaan #Roman_Empire #Arabian_Peninsula #Bahrain #Bangladesh #Bhutan #India #Nepal #Tibet #Iran #Persia #Iraq #Japan #Jordan #Kuwait #Korea #Lebanon #Malay_Peninsula #Mongolia #Pakistan #Parthia #Armenia #Azerbaijan #Kazakhstan #Kyrgystan #Tajikistan #Turkmenistan #Uzbekistan #Syria #Ottoman_Empire #Kura_River;
#wn07398847|Atlantic_Ocean__Atlantic (^$('p' #battle_of_Trafalgar removed since a battle is not a location; 'p' #Orkney_Islands and #Shetland_Islands removed since already #North_Sea and #Scotland)$ the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east^)
^ #ocean,
p #Bermuda #Cape_Verde_Islands #Falkland_Islands #West_Indies #Greenland #Newfoundland.island #British_Isles #Faroe_Islands #Iceland #Sao_Tome_and_Principe #Tenerife #Antarctic_Ocean #Bay_of_Biscay #Bay_of_Fundy #Biscayne_Bay #Chesapeake_Bay #Delaware_Bay #English_Channel #Galway_Bay #Gulf_of_Guinea #Gulf_of_Mexico #Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence #Labrador_Sea #Long_Island_Sound #Massachusetts_Bay #New_York_Bay #North_Sea #Norwegian_Sea #Penobscot_Bay #Sargasso_Sea;
#wn07448612|natural_enclosure__enclosure (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ a naturally enclosed space^);
#wn07450080|Eurasia (^$('p' #Soviet_Russia removed since already 'p' #USSR)$ the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia^)
^ #continent,
p #Russia.empire #USSR #Russia #Scythia #Asia #Europe;
#wn07450499|Europe (^$('<' #continent replaced by #region; 'p' #European_mainland added to replace '>'; 'p' #Portugal #Principality_of_Andorra #Spain and #San_Marino removed since already 'p' #Iberian_Peninsula and #Italy)$ the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles^)
< #region,
p #European_country #European_mainland #Scandinavian_country #Balkan_Peninsula #Bulgaria #Czech_Republic #Czechoslovakia #Slovakia #northern_Europe #Scandinavia #Scandinavian_Peninsula #Germany #Finland #Greece #Roman_Empire #Italy #Romania #Austria-Hungary #Austria #Flanders #Belgium #England #Northern_Ireland #Eire #Scotland #France #Netherlands #Hungary #Republic_of_Iceland #Lappland #Liechtenstein #Luxembourg #Monaco #Poland #Iberian_Peninsula #Belarus #Baltic_State #Estonia #Latvia #Moldova #Ukraine #Gibraltar #Switzerland #Ottoman_Empire #Low_Countries #Silesia #Elbe_River;
#wn07452351|expanse (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ a wide and open space or area as of surface or land or sky^);
#wn07478492|inessential__nonessential (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ anything that is not essential; "they discarded all their inessentials"^)
! #essential;
#wn07520346|essential__necessity__requirement__requisite__necessary (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ anything indispensable; "food and shelter are necessities of life"; "the essentials of the good life"; "allow farmers to buy their requirements under favorable conditions"; "a place where the requisites of water fuel and fodder can be obtained"^)
! #inessential;
#wn07533116|Pacific_Ocean__Pacific (^$('p' #Osaka_Bay removed since already #Japanese_Islands)$ the largest ocean in the world^)
^ #ocean,
p #invasion_of_Iwo #battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea #Guadalupe_Island #Aleutian_Islands #Oceania #Australasia #Austronesia #Wake_Island #Malay_Archipelago #New_Guinea #Japanese_Islands #New_Zealand_Islands #Palau_Islands #Philippines #Santa_Catalina #Antarctic_Ocean #Bering_Sea #Coral_Sea #East_China_Sea #Gulf_of_Alaska #Gulf_of_Tehuantepec #Puget_Sound #San_Diego_Bay #San_Francisco_Bay #Sea_of_Japan #Sea_of_Okhotsk #South_China_Sea #Yellow_Sea;
#wn07575033|sky (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ outer space as viewed from the earth^)
p #cloud.atmospheric_phenomenon #rainbow;
#wn07599876|variable (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ something that is likely to vary; something that is subject to variation; "the weather is one variable to be considered"^);
#wn07995460|hoodoo.vodoun (^$('<' #vodoun removed since a person is not a cult)$ a practitioner of voodoo^)
< #non-Christian_priest;
#wn08105189|follower (^$('!' #leader removed (instead: #myrmidon ! #leader))$ an ordinary person who accepts the leadership of another^)
< #person;
#wn08292132|myrmidon (^$('!' #leader added to replace the exclusion link between #follower and #leader which has been removed)$ a follower who carries out orders without question^)
< #follower,
! #leader;
#wn09080100|Johan_August_Strindberg__Strindberg__August_Strindberg (^$('^' #professional_writer removed since already the case with '^' #dramatist)$ Swedish dramatist and novelist (1849-1912)^)
^ #dramatist;
#wn10423554|genus_Citrus (^$('m' #bitter_orange_tree #sweet_orange_tree #temple_orange_tree removed since already 'm' #orange_tree; this redundancy involving two links ('m' and '>') is not yet detectable by WebKB)$ orange; lemon; lime; etc.^)
< #rosid_dicot_genus,
m #citrus_tree #orange_tree #pomelo_tree #Citrus_paradisi #mandarin_orange_tree #Citrus_tangelo #rangpur_lime #lemon_tree #lime_tree;
#wn10427861|sweet_lemon__sweet_lime__Citrus_limetta (^$('<' #genus_Citrus could have been replaced by 'M' but removed since already implied by '<' #lemon_tree)$ lemon tree having fruit with a somewhat insipid sweetish pulp^)
< #lemon_tree;
#wn10453363|family_Loranthaceae__Loranthaceae__mistletoe_family (^$('<' #parasitic_plant removed because the members of these classifications may be parasite plants but not the classification itself)$ in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria^)
< #dilleniid_dicot_family,
m #genus_Loranthus #genus_Arceuthobium #genus_Nuytsia;
#wn10796872|vascular_plant__tracheophyte (^$('p' #vascular_tissue removed since already #vascular_system)$ green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms^)
< #plant,
p #vascular_system #duct.plant_part;
#wn11243050|quadrant.angular_unit__right_angle (^$('p' #arcdegree removed since already part of oxtant)$ a quarter of the circumference of a circle^)
< #angular_unit,
p #grad #oxtant;
#wn11277039|chain.linear_unit (^$('p' #ft removed since already part of yard)$ a unit of length^)
< #linear_unit,
p #yard #link.linear_unit;
#wn11338035|quarter.avoirdupois_unit (^$('p' #lb removed since already part of stone.avoirdupois_unit)$ a quarter of a hundredweight (25 pounds)^)
< #avoirdupois_unit,
p #stone.avoirdupois_unit;
#wn11655464|renal_insufficiency (^$('<' #insufficiency removed since #insufficiency (attribute) is exclusive with #kidney_disease (disease; state); the state sense has been selected because it is more convenient for knowledge representation)$ insufficient excretion of wastes by the kidneys^)
< #kidney_disease;
#wn11696091|mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21 (^$('<' #mental_retardation removed because mongolism is actually a cause of mental retardation)$ a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation^)
< #trisomy #birth_defect;
#wn11851020|rebound_tenderness (^$('<' #symptom removed since already #tenderness.pain)$ pain felt when a hand pressing on the abdomen is suddenly released; a symptom of peritoneal inflammation^)
< #tenderness.pain;
#wn11890397|tenseness__tension__stress (^$('<' #vasoconstrictor removed since #vasoconstrictor is a causal entity and this is a causal state)$ a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense; "he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension"; "stress is a vasoconstrictor"^)
< #nervous_strain;
#wn12088693|argon__Ar__atomic_number_18 (^$('<' #chemical_element removed since redundant with #noble_gas)$ a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere^)
< #noble_gas;
#wn12125486|carnotite (^$('<' #mineral removed since already #uranium_ore)$ a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium^)
< #uranium_ore,
s #vanadium;
#wn12181064|enzyme (^$(',' #accelerator removed because the enzyme #glutathione_peroxidase is also subtype of #inhibitor, hence not all enzymes are accelerators)$ any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions^)
< #protein,
p #active_site;
#wn12347769|Payne's_gray (^$('<' #blue removed since exclusive with #pigment, subtype of #substance)$ any pigment that produces a grayish to dark grayish blue^)
< #pigment;
#wn12489081|uraninite__pitchblende (^$('<' #mineral removed since already #uranium_ore)$ a mineral consisting of uranium oxide and trace amounts of radium and thorium and polonium and lead and helium; uraninite in massive form is called pitchblende which is the chief uranium ore^)
< #uranium_ore,
s #uranium;
#wn12539198|life_expectancy (^$('<' #lifetime removed since < pm#attribute_or_measure which is exclusive with pm#description_content/medium/container; this is a quite arbitrary KR decision)$ an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities^)
< #anticipation.outlook;
In the following annotations, expressions like "'<' #jazz replaced by 'o'" mean that the '<' link between the source category (in the considered case, #scat_singing) and its destination (#jazz) has been changed from '<' to 'o'. The semantic of the "object" link ('o') is quite fuzzy and depends on the source category: if it represents a domain, the link destinations are (categories of) objects of this domain, if it represents an action, the link destinations are objects used by the action, etc.
#wn00014866|food_or_beverage__nutrient__food (^$("food_or_beverage" added as key name; 'p' #solid_food replaced by '>')$ any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue^)
< #substance ;
#wn00388683|scat_singing__scat (^$('<' #jazz replaced by 'o')$ singing jazz; the singer substitutes nonsense syllables for the words of the song and tries to sound like a musical instrument^)
< #singing,
o #jazz;
#wn00919013|Alamo (^$('<' #siege replaced by 'L')$ the mission in San Antonio where in 1836 Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico^)
^ #deputation,
L #siege,
P #San_Antonio;
#wn00926813|Dunkerque__Dunkirk (^$('<' #amphibious_operation replaced by 'L'; '<' #evacuation could also have been replaced by 'L' but this link provide no real info so it has been removed)$ a city in northern France on the North Sea where in World War II (1940) 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk in a desperate retreat under enemy fire^)
^ #city,
L #amphibious_assault,
P #World_War_II #France;
#wn00927134|battle_of_El_Alamein__El_Alamein__Al_Alamayn (^$('l' #El_Alamein added to replace 'P' #Egypt)$ in World War II (1942); a decisive Allied victory by British troops under Montgomery over German troops under Rommel^)
^ #pitched_battle ,
l #El_Alamein ;
#wn00931534|Kwajalein (^$('<' #amphibious_assault replaced by 'L' since exclusive with #atoll; since #Kwajalein is an instance, this means: one instance of amphibious assault is Kwajalein)$ World War II (January 1944); American forces landed and captured a Japanese air base^)
^ #atoll,
L #amphibious_assault,
P #World_War_II #Kwajalein.atoll;
#wn00938316|battle_of_Cape_Passero__Passero__Cape_Passero__Passero_Cape (^$('<' #Sicilia replaced by 'l'; "battle_of_" added)$ the Spanish Navy was destroyed by France and England while attempting to recover Sicily and Sardinia from Italy (1719)^)
^ #naval_battle,
l #Sicilia;
#wn01043085|desmid (^$('<' #genus_Desmidium replaced by 'M')$ freshwater green algae^)
< #green_algae,
M #genus_Desmidium;
#wn01435934|turtledove (^$('<' #genus_Streptopelia replaced by 'M' since a pigeon is not a taxonomic_group)$ any of several Old World wild doves^)
< #dove,
> #Streptopelia_turtur #ringdove,
M #genus_Streptopelia;
#wn01753631|mongoose (^$('<' #genus_Herpestes replaced by 'M')$ agile grizzled Old World viverrine; preys on snakes and rodents^)
< #viverrine_mammal,
> #Indian_mongoose #Herpestes_ichneumon,
M #genus_Herpestes;
#wn01965714|valley_pocket_gopher__Thomomys_bottae (^$('<' #genus_Thomomys replaced by 'M')$ of valleys and mountain meadows of western United States^)
< #pocket_gopher,
M #genus_Thomomys;
#wn01965873|northern_pocket_gopher__Thomomys_talpoides (^$('<' #genus_Thomomys replaced by 'M')$ grayish to brown gopher of western and central United States^)
< #pocket_gopher,
M #genus_Thomomys;
#wn02471841|bronze_medal (^$('<' #laurel_wreath replaced by 'O' since a medal is an embodiment (object) of (and is not a) laurel_wreath)$ a medal made of bronze (or having the appearance of bronze) that is usually awarded for winning third place in a competition^)
< #prize,
O #laurel_wreath;
#wn02563606|Charlestown_Navy_Yard (^$('<' #Boston replaced by 'P')$ the navy yard in Boston where the frigate `Constitution' is anchored^)
< #navy_yard,
P #Boston;
#wn02939607|gold_medal (^$('<' #laurel_wreath replaced by 'O' since a medal is an embodiment (object) of (and is not a) laurel_wreath)$ a medal made of gold (or having the appearance of gold) that is usually awarded for winning first place in a competition^)
< #prize,
O #laurel_wreath;
#wn03545984|scoreboard (^$('<' #sign.communication replaced by 'O' since a scoreboard is an embodiment (object) of (and is not a) sign)$ a large board for displaying the score of a contest (and some other information)^)
< #board,
O #sign.communication;
#wn03605535|silver_medal (^$('<' #laurel_wreath replaced by 'O' since a medal is an embodiment (object) of (and is not a) laurel_wreath)$ a medal made of silver (or having the appearance of silver) that is usually awarded for winning second place in a competition^)
< #prize,
O #laurel_wreath;
#wn03886687|wardrobe (^$('<' #article_of_clothing replaced by 'p')$ collection of clothing belonging to one person^)
< #aggregation,
p #article_of_clothing;
#wn03886806|wardrobe.costume (^$('<' #costume replaced by 'p')$ collection of costumes belonging to a theatrical company^)
< #aggregation,
p #costume;
#wn04003183|verruca__wart (^$('<' #keratosis replaced by 'O' since #blemish (attribute) and #keratosis (physiological state) are exclusive)$ (pathology) a firm abnormal elevated blemish on the skin; caused by a virus^)
< #blemish,
> #common_wart #genital_wart #juvenile_wart #plantar_wart;
#wn04378420|body__organic_structure__physical_structure (^$('p' #body_substance replaced by 's', 'p' #pressure_point replaced by 'L', 'p' #crotch (an angle) replaced by #genitalia)$ the entire physical structure of an organism (especially an animal or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire"^)
s #body_substance;
#wn04566915|varicose_vein (^$('<' #varicosity replaced by 'O')$ a vein that is permanently dilated; most common in the legs^)
< #vein,
O #varicosity;
#wn04691789|bowleg__genu_varum__tibia_vara (^$('<' #leg replaced by 'l'; despite the following gloss we have chosen the "disability" meaning over the "leg" meaning)$ a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)^)
< #disability,
l #leg;
#wn04852887|picture.typification (^$('<' #typification replaced by 'O' and '<' #picture.state_of_affairs)$ a typical example of some state or quality; "the very picture of a modern general"; "she was the picture of despair"^)
< #picture.state_of_affairs,
O #typification;
#wn04996097|gymnosophy (^$('<' #nudism replaced by 'O' since #nudism is an activity and this is a doctrine)$ the doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation^)
< #doctrine,
O #nudism;
#wn05282161|composition__paper__report__theme (^$('<' #written_assignment replaced by 'O' since #written_assignment is an activity and this is a written material)$ an essay (especially one written as an assignment); "he got an A on his composition"^)
< #essay.written_material,
> #term_paper #incidental_music,
O #written_assignment;
#wn05282382|term_paper (^$('<' #school_assignment replaced by 'O' since #school_assignment is an activity and this is a written material)$ a composition intended to indicate a student's progress during a school term^)
< #composition,
O #school_assignment;
#wn05316094|personality_inventory (^$('<' #personality_test replaced by 'O' since #personality_test is an activity and this is a document)$ a questionnaire that is supposed to yield a description of a person's personality traits; "a personality inventory is a direct test of personality, as contrasted with a projective test"^)
< #questionnaire,
O #personality_test;
#wn05507687|libel (^$('<' #tort replaced by 'O' since #tort is an action and this is a #subject_matter)$ a tort consisting of false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person^)
< #calumny,
O #tort;
#wn05749668|musical_theater__musical__musical_comedy (^$('<' #music replaced by 'o')$ a play or film whose action and dialogue is interspersed with singing and dancing^)
< #play.show,
o #music;
#wn05780792|gospel_singing__gospel (^$('<' #a_cappella_singing replaced by 'O')$ a genre of a capella music originating with Black slaves in the United States and featuring call and response; influential on the development of other genres of popular music (especially soul)^)
< #folk_music,
> #doo-wop #soul.gospel_singing;
#wn05804939|epanodos (^$('<' #recapitulation replaced by 'O')$ repetition or recapitulation in reverse order^)
< #repetition;
#wn05863878|subscription (^$('<' #approval.subject_matter replaced by 'O' since this is more an action like #agreement than a subject_matter)$ agreement expressed by (or as if expressed by) signing your name^)
< #agreement,
O #approval.subject_matter;
#wn05864019|ratification__confirmation (^$('<' #approval.subject_matter replaced by 'O' since this is more an action like #agreement than a subject_matter)$ making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it; "the ratification of the treaty"; "confirmation of the appointment"^)
< #agreement,
O #approval.subject_matter;
#wn05896904|promise (^$('<' #commitment.subject_matter replaced by 'O' since this is more of a #speech_act action than a subject matter)$ a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future^)
< #speech_act,
> #parole #troth #pinning #rain_check,
O #commitment.subject_matter;
#wn05906356|dithyramb (^$('<' #address.speech_act replaced by 'O' because #address.speech_act is an activity and this is the object/result)$ a wildly enthusiastic speech or piece of writing^)
< #written_material,
O #address.speech_act;
#wn06138839|solid_food__food (^$("solid_food" added as key; '<' #nutrient added to replace 'P')$ any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment; "food and drink"^)
< #solid #nutrient ;
#wn06312882|tangerine (^$('<' #tangerine_tree replaced by 'P')$ any of various deep orange mandarins grown in the United States and southern Africa^)
< #mandarin_orange,
P #tangerine_tree;
#wn06326618|ketembilla__kitembilla__kitambilla (^$('<' #ketembilla_tree replaced by 'P')$ maroon-purple gooseberry-like fruit of India having tart-sweet purple pulp used especially for preserves^)
< #edible_fruit,
P #ketembilla_tree;
#wn06772064|peerage__baronage (^$('>' #peer.Lord replaced by 'm')$ the peers of a kingdom considered as a group^)
< #aristocracy,
m #peer.Lord;
#wn06835301|box-number (^$('<' #mailing_address replaced by 'P')$ "the mailing address to which answers to a newspaper ad can be sent"^)
P #mailing_address;
#wn06835424|PO_Box_No__post-office_box_No__post-office_box_number__PO_box_number (^$('<' #mailing_address replaced by 'P'; "PO_Box_No" added)$ the number of a letter box at the post office where mail is collected^)
< pm#integer_address_part (pm),
> pm#region_PO_Box_No (pm) pm#GPO/PMB_Box_No (pm),
P #mailing_address;
#wn06888894|Asian_countries__orient__East__orient (^$('<' #Asia replaced by 'l'; "Asian_countries" added as key)$ the countries of Asia^)
l #Asia,
p #Far_East;
#wn06920942|grassland (^$('<' #biome replaced by 'L')$ a land where grass or grasslike vegetation grows and is the dominant form of plant life^)
< #piece_of_land,
> #hayfield #pasture #prairie #savanna #veld,
L #biome;
#wn06943533|pressure_point (^$('P' #body replaced by 'l')$ any of several points on the body where the pulse can be felt and where pressure on an underlying artery will control bleeding from that artery at a more distal point^)
< #point ,
l #body ;
#wn07006402|Asia_Minor__Anatolia (^$('p' #Battle_of_Granicus_River #battle_of_Ipsus #battle_of_Issus replaced by 'L')$ a peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey^)
^ #peninsula,
p #Phrygia #Pontus #Aeolis #Lycia #Lydia #Troy #Sakartvelo #Turkey #Ionia,
L #battle_of_Granicus_River #battle_of_Ipsus #battle_of_Issus,
P #Asia;
#wn07023280|Cathay (^$('<' #China replaced by '=')$ an archaic or literary name for China^)
= #China;
#wn07049932|Austerlitz (^$('p' #battle_of_Austerlitz replaced by 'L')$ a town in the Czech Republic; site of the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805^)
^ #town,
L #battle_of_Austerlitz,
P #Czech_Republic;
#wn07052292|Denmark__Kingdom_of_Denmark__Danmark (^$('p' #battle_of_Jutland replaced by 'L')$ a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea^)
^ #Scandinavian_country,
p #Zealand #Copenhagen #Arhus #Aalborg #Viborg,
m #Dane,
L #battle_of_Jutland,
M #European_Union #NATO #Scandinavia,
P #Jutland;
#wn07061113|Bavaria (^$('p' #battle_of_Hohenlinden replaced by 'L')$ a state in southwestern Germany famous for its beer; site of automobile factory^)
^ #state.administrative_district,
L #battle_of_Hohenlinden,
P #Germany;
#wn07075164|Boeotia (^$('p' #battle_of_Plataea replaced by 'L')$ a district of ancient Greece northwest of Athens^)
^ #district,
p #Thebes,
L #battle_of_Plataea,
P #Greece;
#wn07075551|Thessalia__Thessaly (^$('p' #battle_of_Cynoscephalae replaced by 'L')$ a fertile plain on the Aegean Sea in east central Greece; Thessaly was a former region of ancient Greece^)
^ #geographical_area,
L #battle_of_Cynoscephalae,
P #Greece;
#wn07095562|Sarajevo (^$('<' #Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina replaced by 'P')$ capital and largest city of Bosnia; scene of the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in 1914 which precipitated World War I^)
P #Bosnia_and_Herzegovina;
#wn07112270|Wake_Island__Wake (^$('p' #battle_of_Wake_Island replaced by 'L')$ an island in the western Pacific between Guam and Hawaii^)
^ #island,
L #battle_of_Wake_Island,
P #Pacific_Ocean;
#wn07116966|Guadalcanal (^$('p' #battle_of_Guadalcanal replaced by 'L')$ a mountainous island; the largest of the Solomon Islands in the independent state that is a member of the British Commonwealth^)
^ #island,
L #battle_of_Guadalcanal,
P #Solomons;
#wn07118469|Austria__Republic_of_Austria__Oesterreich (^$('p' #battle_of_Wagram replaced by 'L')$ a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Hapsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century^)
^ #European_country,
p #Tyrol #Vienna #Graz #Linz #Salzburg #Innsbruck #the_Alps #Danube_River,
m #Austrian,
L #battle_of_Wagram,
M #European_Union,
P #Europe;
#wn07128289|UK__Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland__Great_Britain__United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland__United_Kingdom__Britain (^$('p' #Battle_of_Britain replaced by 'L'; 'p' #England #Scotland #Wales replaced by #Great_Britain)$ a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland^)
^ #kingdom.country,
p #Great_Britain #Northern_Ireland,
L #Battle_of_Britain,
M #European_Union #NATO,
P #British_Isles;
#wn07128724|England (^$('p' #battle_of_Flodden_Field #battle_of_Hastings #battle_of_Maldon #battle_of_Marston_Moor #battle_of_Naseby #battle_of_Tewkesbury #English_Civil_War #Restoration #War_of_the_Roses replaced by 'L'; although it is left implicit for #battle_of_Marston_Moor and #battle_of_Naseby since they are part of #English_Civil_War)$ a division of the United Kingdom^)
^ #European_country,
p #Cotswolds #Lancaster #Lake_District #London #Manchester #Hull #Liverpool #Birmingham #Oxford.England #Cambridge #Blackpool #Brighton #Bristol #Leicester #Newcastle-upon-Tyne #Pompey #Coventry #Gloucester.England #Reading #Worcester.England #Avon #Berkshire #Cornwall #Devonshire #Gloucestershire #Hampshire #Kent #Somerset #East_Sussex #West_Sussex #Leicestershire #Lincolnshire #Northumberland #East_Anglia #Lancashire #Yorkshire #North_Yorkshire #West_Yorkshire #South_Yorkshire #Northumbria #West_Country #Sussex #Wessex #Hadrian's_Wall #River_Aire #Upper_Avon #Avon.river #River_Severn #River_Tyne,
m #English_person #Englishman #Englishwoman,
L #battle_of_Flodden_Field #battle_of_Hastings #battle_of_Maldon #battle_of_Tewkesbury #English_Civil_War #Restoration #War_of_the_Roses,
P #Great_Britain #Europe;
#wn07130061|Albion (^$('<' #England replaced by '='; '<' #Great_Britain replaced by 'P')$ archaic name for England or Great Britain; used poetically^)
= #England;
#wn07130190|Anglia (^$('<' #England replaced by '=')$ the Latin name for England^)
= #England;
#wn07130269|Blighty (^$('<' #England replaced by '=')$ a slang term for England used by English troops serving abroad^)
= #England;
#wn07142484|Cork (^$('<' #Eire replaced by 'P')$ a port city in southern Ireland^)
^ #city #port,
P #Eire;
#wn07142602|Galway (^$('<' #Eire replaced by 'P')$ a port city in western Ireland on Galway Bay^)
^ #city #port,
P #Eire;
#wn07190280|Chosen (^$('<' #Korea replaced by '=')$ the name for Korea as a Japanese province (1910-1945)^)
= #Korea;
#wn07204881|New_Zealand_Islands__New_Zealand (^$('p' #New_Zealand replaced by 'L'; "New_Zealand_Islands" added as key)$ North Island and South Island and adjacent small islands in the South Pacific Ocean^)
^ #island,
L #New_Zealand,
P #Pacific_Ocean;
#wn07223748|Seychelles.island (^$('p' #Seychelles replaced by 'L')$ a group of about 90 islands in the western Indian Ocean north of Madagascar^)
^ #island,
L #Seychelles,
P #Indian_Ocean;
#wn07224721|Singapore.island (^$('p' #Singapore replaced by 'L')$ an island south of the Malay Peninsula^)
^ #island,
P #Southeast_Asia,
L #Singapore,
P #South_China_Sea;
#wn07245342|Latin_America (^$('p' #Central_America and 'P' #North_America #South_America replaced by 'l' #Central_America #South_America)$ the parts of North and South America south of the United States where Romance languages (Spanish and Portuguese) are spoken^)
^ #geographical_area,
l #Central_America #South_America,
m #Latin_American;
#wn07253659|Swiss_canton (^$('<' #Guangzhou replaced by '<' #canton)$ one of the cantons of Switzerland^)
< #canton;
#wn07255082|Aram (^$('<' #Syria replaced by 'l')$ the biblical name for ancient Syria^)
l #Syria;
#wn07266523|Old_South (^$('<' #South_USA replaced by 'l' and '^' #geographical_area added)$ the American South before the Civil War^)
^ #geographical_area,
l #South_USA;
#wn07267184|Union__North (^$('<' #USA replaced by 'l' and '^' #geographical_area added)$ the United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War); "he has visited every state in the Union"; "Lee hoped to detach Maryland from the Union"; "the North's superior resources turned the scale"^)
^ #geographical_area,
l #USA,
p #free_state;
#wn07283027|Potomac__Foggy_Bottom (^$('<' #Washington replaced by '=')$ terms sometimes used to refer to Washington D.C.^)
= #Washington;
#wn07304724|Boston__Hub_of_the_Universe__Beantown__capital_of_Massachusetts (^$('p' #battle_of_Bunker_Hill #Beacon_Hill replaced by 'L'; 'p' #Charlestown_Navy_Yard added to replace '>')$ state capital and largest city of Massachusetts^)
^ #state_capital,
p #Charlestown_Navy_Yard,
L #battle_of_Bunker_Hill,
P #Massachusetts,
L #Beacon_Hill;
#wn07306027|Pittsfield (^$('<' #Massachusetts replaced by 'l')$ a town in western Massachusetts^)
^ #town,
l #Massachusetts;
#wn07306133|Springfield (^$('<' #Massachusetts replaced by 'l')$ a city and manufacturing center in southwestern Massachusetts on the Connecticut River^)
^ #city,
l #Massachusetts;
#wn07307151|Plymouth_Colony (^$('<' #Plymouth replaced by 'l' since a social group is not a urban area)$ colony formed by the Pilgrims when they arrived at Plymouth Rock in 1620; it was absorbed into the Massachusetts Colony in 1691^)
^ #colony,
l #Plymouth;
#wn07325195|New_Netherland (^$('<' #New_York replaced by 'l' since a social group is not a urban area)$ prior to 1664 the colony that was to become New York was under Dutch control and was called New Netherland^)
^ #colony,
l #New_York;
#wn07338150|Pennsylvania__Keystone_State__PA (^$('p' #battle_of_Gettysburg replaced by 'L')$ a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies^)
^ #American_state,
p #Erie #Gettysburg #Harrisburg #Chester #Philadelphia #Pittsburgh #Allegheny_River #Monongahela_River,
L #battle_of_Gettysburg,
P #Mid-Atlantic_states;
#wn07350848|Virginia__Old_Dominion__Old_Dominion_State__VA (^$('p' #Bull_Run #Chancellorsville #battle_of_Fredericksburg #Petersburg_Campaign #battle_of_Spotsylvania_Courthouse #Wilderness_Campaign #Yorktown replaced by 'L')$ a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War^)
^ #American_state,
p #Shenandoah_National_Park #Richmond #Blacksburg #Jamestown #Newport_News #Norfolk #Lynchburg #Portsmouth.port #Roanoke #Mount_Vernon #Chesapeake_Bay #Elizabeth_River #Hampton_Roads.channel #James #Shenandoah_Valley,
L #Bull_Run #Chancellorsville #battle_of_Fredericksburg #Petersburg_Campaign #battle_of_Spotsylvania_Courthouse #Wilderness_Campaign #Yorktown,
P #USA,
M #Confederate_States_of_America;
#wn07355504|Beckley (^$('<' #West_Virginia replaced by 'P')$ a city in southern West Virginia^)
^ #city,
P #West_Virginia;
#wn07366002|Colorado_Desert (^$('<' #California replaced by 'P')$ an arid region of southeastern California^)
^ #desert,
P #California;
#wn07431243|Connecticut_River__Connecticut (^$('<' #USA replaced by 'l')$ a river in the northeastern United States; flows south from northern New Hampshire along the border between New Hampshire and Vermont and through Massachusetts and Connecticut where it empties into Long Island Sound^)
< #river,
l #USA;
#wn07457117|woodland__forest__timberland__timber (^$('<' #biome replaced by 'L')$ land that is covered with trees and shrubs^)
< #dry_land,
> #Black_Forest #greenwood #jungle #tropical_rain_forest #riparian_forest #Sherwood_Forest #silva #tree_farm,
L #biome;
#wn07504667|mare_nostrum (^$('<' #Mediterranean_Sea replaced by '=')$ (our sea) the Mediterranean to the ancient Romans^)
= #Mediterranean_Sea;
#wn07533116|Pacific_Ocean__Pacific (^$('p' #Osaka_Bay removed since already #Japanese_Islands; 'p' #invasion_of_Iwo #battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea replaced by 'L')$ the largest ocean in the world^)
^ #ocean ,
p #Guadalupe_Island #Aleutian_Islands #Oceania #Australasia #Austronesia #Wake_Island #Malay_Archipelago #New_Guinea #Japanese_Islands #New_Zealand_Islands #Palau_Islands #Philippines #Santa_Catalina #Antarctic_Ocean #Bering_Sea #Coral_Sea #East_China_Sea #Gulf_of_Alaska #Gulf_of_Tehuantepec #Puget_Sound #San_Diego_Bay #San_Francisco_Bay #Sea_of_Japan #Sea_of_Okhotsk #South_China_Sea #Yellow_Sea ;
#wn07641167|Nintu__Nintoo (^$('<' #Semitic_deity replaced by '=' Ninkhursag)$ a name under which Ninkhursag was worshipped^)
= #Ninkhursag;
#wn07648219|Bairava (^$('<' #Siva replaced by '=')$ epithet of Siva: "the terrible"^)
= #Siva;
#wn07669815|Pythius (^$('<' #Phoebus_Apollo replaced by '=')$ epithet for Apollo; from the dragon Python which he killed^)
= #Phoebus_Apollo;
#wn07687759|Jupiter_Fulgur__Jupiter_Fulminator__Lightning_Hurler (^$('<' #Jove replaced by '=')$ an epithet for Jupiter^)
= #Jove;
#wn07687882|Jupiter_Tonans__Thunderer (^$('<' #Jove replaced by '=')$ an epithet for Jupiter^)
= #Jove;
#wn07687977|Jupiter_Pluvius__Rain-giver (^$('<' #Jove replaced by '=')$ an epithet for Jupiter^)
= #Jove;
#wn07688074|Jupiter_Optimus_Maximus__Best_and_Greatest (^$('<' #Jove replaced by '=')$ an epithet for Jupiter^)
= #Jove;
#wn07688186|Jupiter_Fidius__Protector_of_Boundaries (^$('<' #Jove replaced by '=')$ an epithet for Jupiter^)
= #Jove;
#wn07690210|Agdistis (^$('<' #Rhea replaced by '=')$ Asiatic epithet for Rhea or Cybele^)
= #Rhea;
#wn07704525|Ulysses (^$('<' #Odysseus replaced by '~'; '^' #mythical_being added)$ Roman misspelling for Odysseus^)
^ #mythical_being,
~ #Odysseus;
#wn07778209|Dunker__Dunkard__Tunker (^$('<' #Church_of_the_Brethren replaced by 'M')$ (dialectal) an adherent of Baptistic doctrines (who practice baptism by immersion)^)
< #Baptist,
M #Church_of_the_Brethren;
#wn07793415|Cebuan (^$('<' #Cebu replaced by 'l')$ inhabitant of the island of Cebu; a member of the Visayan people of the Philippines^)
< #Visayan,
l #Cebu;
#wn07799755|Mancunian (^$('<' Manchester replaced by 'l')$ a resident of Manchester^)
< #English_person,
l #Manchester;
#wn08044814|feller2__dog (^$("feller2" added as key; '<' #feller replaced by '=')$ informal term for a man: "you lucky dog"^)
= #feller;
#wn08074603|Green (^$('<' #Green_Party replaced by 'M')$ an environmentalist who belongs to the Green Party^)
< #environmentalist,
M #Green_Party;
#wn08345369|peer.Lord (^$('<' #peerage replaced by 'M')$ (British) a nobleman (duke or marquis or earl or viscount or baron) who is a member of the British peerage^)
< #Lord,
> #Baron #Duke #Earl #Earl_Marshal #life_peer #Marquess #peer_of_the_realm #Viscount #viscountess,
: #First_Marquess_Cornwallis,
M #peerage;
#wn08361384|Piltdown_man__Piltdown_hoax (^$('<' #fraudulence replaced by 'O' since #fraudulence is an action, not a man, imaginary or not)$ supposedly primitive man later proven to be a hoax^)
^ #primitive_person,
O #fraudulence;
#wn08766931|Elizabeth_I__Elizabeth (^$('<' House_of_Tudor replaced by 'M')$ Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded the Catholic Mary I and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign Mary Queen of Scots was executed and the Spanish Armada was defeated; her reign was marked by prosperity and literary genius (1533-1603)^)
^ #Queen_of_England,
M #House_of_Tudor;
#wn09624090|climbing_corydalis__Corydalis_claviculata__Fumaria_claviculata (^$('<' #genus_Corydalis replaced by 'M')$ annual vine with decompound leaves and racemes of yellow and pink flowers^)
< #vine,
M #genus_Corydalis;
#wn09742341|northern_dune_tansy__Tanacetum_douglasii (^$('<' #genus_Tanacetum replaced by 'M')$ lightly hairy rhizomatous perennial having aromatic feathery leaves and stems bearing open clusters of small buttonlike yellow flowers; sand dunes of Pacific coast of North America^)
< #wildflower,
M #genus_Tanacetum;
#wn09775553|cypripedia (^$('<' #genus_Cypripedium replaced by 'M')$ a plant or flower of the genus Cypripedium^)
< #orchid,
M #genus_Cypripedium;
#wn09850051|ditch_reed__common_reed__carrizo__Phragmites_communis (^$('<' #genus_Phragmites replaced by 'M')$ tall North American reed having relative wide leaves and large plumelike panicles; widely distributed in moist areas; used for mats, screens and arrow shafts^)
< #reed.gramineous_plant,
M #genus_Phragmites;
#wn09855009|millet (^$('<' #family_Gramineae replaced by 'M')$ any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine^)
< #cereal_grass,
> #barnyard_grass #Japanese_millet #yardgrass #finger_millet #panic_grass #sorghum,
M #family_Gramineae;
#wn09863389|sweet_corn_plant__sweet_corn__sugar_corn__green_corn__Zea_mays_rugosa__Zea_saccharata (^$('<' #edible_corn replaced by 'p')$ corn whose young ears are sweet and suitable for eating as a vegetable^)
< #Indian_corn,
p #edible_corn;
#wn09938776|lomatia (^$('<' #genus_Lomatia replaced by 'M')$ any of various ornamental evergreens of the genus Lomatia having attractive fragrant flowers^)
< #shrub,
M #genus_Lomatia;
#wn10037939|hickory.wood (^$('<' #hickory_tree replaced by 'S')$ valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees^)
< #wood,
S #hickory_tree;
#wn10130260|bulbous_iris (^$('<' #genus_Iris replaced by 'M')$ any of various irises having a rootstock formed like a bulb^)
< #fleur-de-lis;
#wn10196510|dracaena (^$('<' #genus_Dracaena replaced by 'M')$ often cultivated for the decorative foliage^)
< #agave,
> #dragon_tree,
M #genus_Dracaena;
#wn10238242|common_broom__Scotch_broom__green_broom__Cytisus_scoparius (^$('<' #genus_Cytisus replaced by 'M')$ deciduous erect spreading broom native to western Europe; widely cultivated for its rich yellow flowers^)
< #broom.shrub,
M #genus_Cytisus;
#wn10242013|bitter_pea (^$('<' #genus_Daviesia replaced by 'M')$ any of several spiny shrubs of the genus Daviesia having yellow flowers and triangular seeds; Australia^)
< #shrub;
#wn10393785|common_snowberry__snowberry__waxberry__Symphoricarpos_alba (^$('<' #family_Caprifoliaceae replaced by 'M')$ deciduous shrub of western North America having spikes of pink flowers followed by round white berries^)
< #poisonous_plant,
M #family_Caprifoliaceae;
#wn10413811|satinwood (^$('<' #satinwood_tree replaced by 'S')$ hard yellowish wood of a satinwood tree having a satiny luster; used for fine cabinetwork and tools^)
< #wood,
S #satinwood_tree;
#wn10467873|maple (^$('<' #genus_Acer replaced by 'M')$ any of numerous trees or shrubs of the genus Acer bearing winged seeds in pairs; north temperate zone^)
< #angiospermous_tree,
> #silver_maple #sugar_maple #red_maple #moosewood #Oregon_maple #dwarf_maple #mountain_maple #vine_maple #hedge_maple #Norway_maple #great_maple #box_elder #pointed-leaf_maple #full_moon_maple #Japanese_maple,
s #maple.wood,
M #genus_Acer;
#wn10569077|horehound.herbaceous_plant (^$('<' #genus_Marrubium replaced by 'M')$ any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Marrubium^)
< #herbaceous_plant,
> #common_horehound,
M #genus_Marrubium;
#wn10598025|gerardia (^$('<' #genus_Gerardia replaced by 'M')$ any plant of the genus Gerardia^)
< #flower,
M #genus_Gerardia;
#wn10749826|Helvella_sulcata (^$('<' #genus_Helvella replaced by 'M')$ a helvella with an irregularly convoluted cap that is dark brown when young and becomes dull gray with age; the lower surface of the cap is smooth and pale gray; the stalk is thick and deeply fluted^)
< #helvella,
M #genus_Helvella;
#wn10929577|spikemoss__spike_moss__little_club_moss (^$('<' #genus_Selaginella replaced by 'M')$ any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella^)
< #club_moss,
> #meadow_spikemoss #rock_spikemoss #desert_selaginella #resurrection_plant #florida_selaginella,
M #genus_Selaginella;
#wn11021076|assets (^$('!' replaced by '-' since a liability (e.g. a loan) for someone may be seen as an asset by another or even the same person (e.g. a credit))$ anything of material value or usefulness^)
< #possession,
- #liabilities;
#wn11110176|basal_metabolic_rate__BMR (^$('<' #metabolic_process replaced by 'O' since this is a rate, not a process)$ because the rate at which heat is produced by an individual in a resting state^)
< #metabolic_rate,
O #metabolic_process;
#wn11232721|volume_unit__capacity_unit__capacity_measure__cubage_unit__cubic_measure__cubic_content_unit__displacement_unit__cubature_unit (^$(value; '<' #volume added to replace 'P')$ a unit of measurement of volume or capacity^)
< #unit_of_measurement #volume;
//#wn11386636|volume (^$('p' #volume_unit replaced by '>')$ the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; "the gas expanded to twice its original volume"^)
// < #measure;
#wn12036619|knock-knee__genu_valgum__tibia_valga (^$('<' #leg' replaced by 'l')$ by inward slant of the thigh^)
< #disability,
l #leg;
#wn12290222|sewage__sewerage (^$('<' #biodegradable_pollution replaced by 'O')$ waste matter carried away in sewers or drains^)
< #waste_material,
s #effluent,
O #biodegradable_pollution;
#wn12548230|legal_age__majority (^$('<' #legal_status replaced by 'O')$ the age at which a person is considered competent to manage their own affairs^)
< #eld,
! #minority_age,
O #legal_status,
P #maturity;
#wn12548429|minority_age__nonage__minority (^$('<' #legal_status replaced by 'O'; "minority_age" added as key)$ any age prior to the legal age^)
< #eld,
! #legal_age,
O #legal_status;
#wn12554950|day_of_the_month__date (^$('<' #mean_solar_day replaced by #day)$ the specified day of the month; "what is the date today?"^)
< #day;
#wn12555131|particular_date (^$("particular_" added; '<' #mean_solar_day replaced by #day)$ a particular day specified as the time something will happen; "the date of the election is set by law"^)
< #day;
In the following annotations, expressions like "'<' #psychological_feature replaced by pm#state" mean that the '<' link from the source category (in the considered case, #feeling) has been given a new destination (here pm#state). As this case shows, some subsumption link destinations have been changed to categories in our top-level ontology, for a better structuring (and inheritance of constraints) or to avoid inconsistencies. These new links are not shown below because they do not connect two categories from Wordnet.
#wn00005145|person__individual__someone__somebody__mortal__human__human_being__soul (^$("human_being" added as name; '<' #living_thing replaced by #human)$ a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"^)
< #human #causal_agent ;
#wn00017399|feeling (^$('<' #psychological_feature replaced by pm#state; in the annotation, "the psychological feature of" changed to "the state of")$ the state of experiencing affective and emotional states; "he had a feeling of euphoria"^);
#wn00018557|shape__form (^$('<' #attribute replaced by pm#space)$ the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance; "geometry is the mathematical science of shape"^);
#wn02665816|creation_result__creation (^$('<' #artifact replaced by pm#created_thing since some subtypes are not physical; "creation_result" added as key)$ an artifact that has been brought into existence by someone^);
#wn02798418|elevated_railway__elevated_railroad__el__overhead_railway (^$('<' #railway_system replaced by #railroad_track since the first is an organization and the second is an artifact)$ an electric elevated railway^)
< #railroad_track;
#wn04324654|good_point__goodness__good (^$("good_point" added as key name; '<' #quality replaced by pm#owned_entity)$ that which is good or valuable or useful: "weigh the good against the bad"; "among the highest goods of all are happiness and self-realization"^)
! #bad_point;
#wn04326377|bad_point__badness__bad (^$("bad_point" added as key name; '<' #quality replaced by pm#owned_entity)$ that which is below standard or expectations as of ethics or decency: "take the bad with the good"^)
! #good_point;
#wn04378420|body__organic_structure__physical_structure (^$('p' #crotch replaced by #genitalia, 'p' #body_substance replaced by 's', 'p' #pressure_point replaced by 'L')$ the entire physical structure of an organism (especially an animal or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire"^)
p #articulatory_system [1,1] #bodily_cavity [1,*] #digestive_system [1,1] #endocrine_system [1,1] #lymphatic_system [1,1] #musculoskeletal_system [1,1] #nervous_system [1,1] #respiratory_system [1,1] #sensory_system [1,1] #vascular_system [1,1] #circulatory_system [1,1] #cervix [1,1] #torso [1,1] #arm [1,*] #genitalia [1,0..1] ;
#wn04334377|asset__plus (^$('<' #quality replaced by #good_point)$ a useful or valuable quality^)
< #good_point,
! #liability;
#wn04379729|dead_body__body (^$('<' #natural_object replaced by #body)$ body of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake"^)
< #body ;
#wn04771281|system_of_rules__system (^$('<' #method replaced by #system since much more appropriate)$ a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender"^)
< #system ;
#wn04801365|cognitive_process__process__operation__cognitive_operation__act (^$('<' #cognition replaced by pm#process)$ the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"^);
#wn04801663|unconscious_process__process (^$('<' #cognition replaced by pm#process)$ a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial"^);
#wn04810426|sense_experience__sensation__sense_impression__sense_datum (^$('<' #perception replaced by pm#psychological_entity since the subtypes of #sense_experience indicates that this category represents process results)$ an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation; "a sensation of touch"^);
#wn04852423|symbolic_representation__symbol__symbolization__symbolisation (^$('<' #representational_process replaced by pm#description_medium since a symbol is actually the result of a process)$ something visible that by association or convention represents something else that is invisible; "the eagle is a symbol of the United States"^);
#wn04873039|rationale__principle (^$('<' #explanation replaced by #explanation.statement since a theory is a description, not a process)$ an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature; "the principles of internal-combustion engines"^);
#wn04873482|key.explanation (^$('<' #explanation replaced by #explanation.statement since a theory is a description, not a process)$ something crucial for explaining; "the key to development is economic integration"^);
#wn04873614|natural_history (^$('<' #explanation replaced by #explanation.statement since a theory is a description, not a process)$ the systematic account of natural phenomena^);
#wn04873898|raison_d'etre.rationalization (^('<' #rationalization.explanation replaced by #explanation.statement since a theory is a description, not a process)$ reason for being^);
#wn04888858|information (^$('<' #cognition replaced by pm#thing_that_can_be_seen_as_a_relation since #cognition is an entity and this groups the situations and entities that are sources of some cognition entities)$ knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction^);
#wn04895055|evidence.situation__grounds (^$('<' #information replaced by pm#situation_playing_some_role)$ your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling"^) ;
#wn05025979|origin.point (^$('<' #geometric_intersection replaced by #point)$ the point of intersection of coordinate axes; where the values of the coordinates are all zero^)
< #point;
#wn05013856|theory (^$('<' #explanation replaced by #explanation.statement since a theory is a description, not a process)$ a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"^);
#wn05168522|transmission (^$('<' #communicating replaced by #communication since this is a transmission medium, not a process; this also avoids exclusion links violation)$ communication by means of transmitted signals^)
< #communication;
#wn05176143|multimedia_system__multimedia (^$('<' #transmission replaced by #system since a multimedia system is not a process)$ transmission that combine media of communication (text and graphics and sound etc.)^)
< #system;
#wn05246791|written_material__writing__piece_of_writing (^$('<' #written_communication replaced by pm#description_content; "written_material" first)$ the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); "the writing in her novels is excellent"; "that editorial was a fine piece of writing"^);
#wn05269895|section__subdivision (^$('<' #written_material replaced by #communication which is more general)$ a self-contained part of a larger composition; "he always turns first to the business section"; "the history of this work is discussed in the next section"^)
< #communication;
#wn05296945|editing__redaction (^$('<' #written_material replaced by #verbal_creation)$ putting something (as a literary work) into publishable form^)
< #verbal_creation;
#wn05341635|file__data_file (^$('<' #record replaced by #document since #record is a description_support and this is a pm#container_of_description)$ a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together^)
< #document;
#wn05405223|hypertext_system (^$('<' #ODBMS replaced by #software since a OODMS may (or may not) be used as a part of an hypertext system which, like multimedia_system, is communication device)$ a database management system that allows chunks of text (objects) to be processed as a complex network of nodes that are linked together in an arbitrary way^)
< #software;
#wn05412138|subject_matter__message__content__substance (^$('<' #communication replaced by #social_relation since #communication is subtype of pm#description_medium and #social_relation, hence pm#description_medium skipped)$ what a communication that is about something is about^)
< #social_relation;
#wn05466589|code.laws__codification (^$('<' #written_communication replaced by pm#description_content; ".rules" added)$ a set of rules or principles or laws especially written ones^);
#wn05646200|LISP__list-processing_language (^$('<' #programming_language replaced by #algorithmic_language)$ a flexible procedure-oriented programing language that manipulates symbols in the form of lists^)
< #algorithmic_language;
#wn05646862|COBOL (^$('<' #programming_language replaced by #algorithmic_language)$ COmmon Business Oriented Language^)
< #algorithmic_language;
#wn05646947|C (^$('<' #programming_language replaced by #algorithmic_language)$ a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system^)
< #algorithmic_language;
#wn05647160|BASIC (^$('<' #programming_language replaced by #algorithmic_language)$ a popular programming language that is relatively easy to learn (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code); no longer in general use^)
< #algorithmic_language;
#wn05647352|Pascal (^$('<' #programming_language replaced by #algorithmic_language)$ a programing language designed to teach programming through a top-down modular approach^)
< #algorithmic_language;
#wn06677804|social_gathering__social_affair (^$('<' #gathering replaced by #assemblage since this is more an action than a collection)$ a gathering for the purpose of promoting fellowship^)
< #assemblage;
#wn06723538|meeting (^$('<' #gathering replaced by #coming_together since this is more an action than a collection)$ a formally arranged gathering; "next year the meeting will be in Chicago"; "the meeting elected a chairperson"^)
< #coming_together;
#wn06749072|quorum (^$('<' #gathering replaced by #assemblage since this is more an action than a collection)$ a gathering of members of an organization large enough to transact business^)
< #assemblage;
#wn06749219|mass_meeting__rally (^$('<' #gathering replaced by #assemblage since this is more an action than a collection)$ a large gathering of people intended to arouse enthusiasm^)
< #assemblage;
#wn06766671|British_Cabinet (^$('m' #cabinet_minister.job replaced by #cabinet_minister)$ the senior ministers of the British government^)
< #cabinet.advisory_board,
m #cabinet_minister #Prime_Minister #Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer #Chief_Secretary #Home_Secretary #Lord_Privy_Seal #First_Lord_of_the_Treasury;
#wn07222792|Mecca (^$('<' #Riyadh replaced by #national_capital since Mecca is neither a subtype nor a part of Riyadh)$ joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Mohammed it is the holiest city of Islam^)
^ #national_capital;
#wn07411542|water__body_of_water (^$('<' #entity replaced by #physical_object #entity since it is more precise)$ the part of the earth's surface covered with water (such as a river or lake or ocean); "they invaded our territorial waters"; "they were sitting by the water's edge"^)
< #physical_object,
s #H2O;
#wn07450499|Europe (^$('<' #continent replaced by #region; 'p' #European_mainland added to replace '>'; 'p' #Portugal #Principality_of_Andorra #Spain and #San_Marino removed since already 'p' #Iberian_Peninsula and #Italy)$ the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles^)
< #region,
p #European_country #European_mainland #Scandinavian_country #Balkan_Peninsula #Bulgaria #Czech_Republic #Czechoslovakia #Slovakia #northern_Europe #Scandinavia #Scandinavian_Peninsula #Germany #Finland #Greece #Roman_Empire #Italy #Romania #Austria-Hungary #Austria #Flanders #Belgium #England #Northern_Ireland #Eire #Scotland #France #Netherlands #Hungary #Republic_of_Iceland #Lappland #Liechtenstein #Luxembourg #Monaco #Poland #Iberian_Peninsula #Belarus #Baltic_State #Estonia #Latvia #Moldova #Ukraine #Gibraltar #Switzerland #Ottoman_Empire #Low_Countries #Silesia #Elbe_River;
#wn07610460|imaginary_being__imaginary_creature (^$('<' #concept replaced by pm#imaginary_entity since a being (even imaginary) is not a concept)$ a creature of the imagination^);
#wn07626104|spiritual_being__supernatural_being (^$('<' #belief replaced by pm#imaginary_spatial_entity otherwise saints cannot be subtypes of #person (since #belief and #person are exclusive))$ an incorporeal being believed to have powers to affect the course of human events^);
#wn07729804|leader (^$('!' #follower replaced by #myrmidon)$ a person who rules or guides or inspires others^)
< #person,
! #myrmidon;
#wn08180330|idler__loafer__do-nothing__layabout__bum (^$('<' #nonworker replaced by #person since an idler may still have a job)$ person who does no work^)
< #person;
#wn11033873|security.assets__protection (^$('<' #assets replaced by #indemnity.protection because such a classification is much more usable for knowledge representation)$ defense against financial failure; "his pension gave him security in his old age"; "insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness"^)
< #indemnity.protection;
#wn11066726|sterling (^$('<' #money.currency replaced by #monetary_unit)$ British money; especially the pound sterling as the basic monetary unit of the UK^)
< #monetary_unit;
#wn11213214|system_of_measurement (^$('<' #measure replaced by #communication since this is more like a standard and is not a measure)$ a system of related measures^)
< #communication;
#wn11255626|bit (^$('<' #unit_of_measurement replaced by #computer_memory_unit)$ a unit of measurement of information (from Binary + digIT); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states; "there are 8 bits in a byte"^)
< #computer_memory_unit;
#wn11257935|megabit (^$('<' #unit_of_measurement replaced by #computer_memory_unit)$ one million bits^)
< #computer_memory_unit;
#wn11475151|angle (^$('<' #space.amorphous_shape replaced by pm#spatial_attribute_or_measure)$ the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians^);
#wn11531658|aliveness__animation__life__living (^$('<' #beingness replaced by #life)$ the condition of living or the state of being alive; "while there's life there's hope"; "life depends on many chemical and physical processes"^)
< #life ;
#wn11532956|life.mode (^$('<' #beingness replaced by #life)$ a characteristic state or mode of living; "social life"; "city life"; "real life"^)
< #life ;
#wn11563364|motion (^$('<' #state replaced by '#movement')$ a state of change; "they were in a state of steady motion"^)
< #movement ,
! #motionlessness ;
#wn11823814|sign.evidence (^$('<' #evidence.situation replaced by #information because #evidence.situation which was < #information is now < pm#situation_playing_some_role)$ (medical) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease; "there were no signs of asphixiation"^)
< #information ;
#wn11835935|bubo (^$('<' #symptom replaced by #information because #evidence.situation (the supertype of #symptom) which was < #information is now < pm#situation_playing_some_role)$ a lymph node that is inflamed and swollen because of plague or gonorrhea or tuberculosis^)
< #lymph_node #information ;
#wn11959528|incompleteness (^$('<' #wholeness replaced by #separation.unity)$ the state of being incomplete and imperfect^)
< #separation.unity ,
! #completeness ;
#wn11923088|separation.unity (^$('<' #wholeness replaced by #state)$ the state of lacking unity^)
< #state ,
! #union.state ;
#wn12550751|time_unit__unit_of_time (^$('<' #measure replaced by #unit_of_measurement)$a unit for measuring time periods^)
< #unit_of_measurement;
#wn12551805|tomorrow (^$(value; artificial; '<' #day replaced by #particular_day)$ the day after today; "what are our tasks for tomorrow?"^)
< #particular_day ;
#wn12551915|today.mean_solar_day (^$(value; artificial)$ the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow); "Today is beautiful"; "did you see today's newspaper?"^)
< #particular_day ;
#wn12552102|yesterday (^$(value; artificial)$ the day immediately before today; "it was in yesterday's newspapers"^)
< #particular_day ;
#wn12552226|morrow (^$(value; artificial)$ the next day; "whenever he arrives she leaves on the morrow"^)
< #particular_day ;
#wn12552339|eve (^$(value; artificial)$ the day before; "he always arrives on the eve of her departure"^)
< #particular_day ;
#wn12593858|year (^$('p' #month added to replace "#year.time_period p #month")$ a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity; "a school year"^)
< #time_period ,
p #month ;
#wn12652877|acceleration (^$('<' #rate replaced by #acceleration.rate since it is more precise)$ (physics) a rate of change of velocity^)
< #acceleration.rate;
Of the 160 link additions, 18 have been made during the integration of WordNet to WebKB-2 and 142 later when using the ontology for representing knowledge (the links presented below are not domain-dependent). 65 of all these links connect WordNet categories, while 90 connect a WordNet category to a category I created (however, links to my top-level ontology are not listed here). Although all these links should have "pm" as creator, for convenience and historical reasons, this is not the case for the first 18 links.
#wn03321383|part.physical_object__portion (^$(distinct; '<' #physical_part added)$ something less than the whole of a human artifact: "the rear part of the house"; "glue the two parts together"^)
< #physical_object #physical_part ;
#wn03872720|videocassette__video (^$("video" added as name; 'p' #videotape added)$ a cassette for videotape^)
< #cassette,
p #videotape;
#wn04830023|diagnostic_test__test__diagnostic_assay (^$('o' #vital_capacity added)$ an assay conducted for diagnostic purposes^)
< #assay,
o #vital_capacity;
#wn07108816|Tasmania (^$('l' #Tasmanian_Island added)$ an Australian state on the island of Tasmania^)
^ #Australian_state,
l #Tasmanian_Island,
p #Hobart;
#wn07127768|Great_Britain (^$('p' #England #Wales added)$ an island comprising England and Scotland and Wales^)
^ #island,
p #England #Scotland #Wales #Solway_Firth,
m #Britisher;
#wn07266523|Old_South (^$('<' #South_USA replaced by 'l' and '^' #geographical_area added)$ the American South before the Civil War^)
^ #geographical_area,
l #South_USA;
#wn07267184|Union__North (^$('<' #USA replaced by 'l' and '^' #geographical_area added)$ the United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War); "he has visited every state in the Union"; "Lee hoped to detach Maryland from the Union"; "the North's superior resources turned the scale"^)
^ #geographical_area,
l #USA,
p #free_state;
#wn07494666|dry_land__land__earth__ground__solid_ground__terra_firma (^$('<' #region added (here instead of separately to avoid indenting all my specializations of regions))$ the solid part of the earth's surface; "the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land"; "the earth shook for several minutes"; "he dropped the logs on the ground"^)
< #physical_object #region;
#wn07669927|Aphrodite__Cytherea (^$('~' #Venus.Roman_deity added)$ goddess of love and beauty and daughter of Zeus in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Venus^)
^ #Greek_deity,
~ #Venus.Roman_deity;
#wn07670841|Venus.Roman_deity__Urania (^$('~' #Aphrodite added)$ goddess of love; counterpart of Greek Aphrodite^)
^ #Roman_deity,
~ #Aphrodite;
#wn07670949|Ares (^$('~' #Mars added)$ (Greek mythology) Greek god of war; son of Zeus and Hera; identified with Roman Mars^)
^ #Greek_deity,
~ #Mars;
#wn07671418|Mars (^$('~' #Ares added)$ (Roman mythology) Roman god of war and agriculture; father of Romulus and Remus; counterpart of Greek Ares^)
^ #Roman_deity,
~ #Ares;
#wn07679702|Clotho (^$('~' #Nona added)$ the Fate who spins the thread of life; identified with Roman Nona^)
^ #Greek_deity,
~ #Nona;
#wn07679839|Nona (^$('~' #Clotho added)$ the Fate who spins the thread of life; counterpart of Greek Clotho^)
^ #Roman_deity,
~ #Clotho;
#wn07687314|Zeus (^$('~' #Jove added)$ (Greek mythology) the supreme god of ancient mythology; son of Rhea and Cronus whom he dethroned; husband and brother of Hera; brother of Poseidon and Hades; father of many gods^)
^ #Greek_deity,
~ #Jove;
#wn07687542|Jove__Jupiter (^$('~' #Zeus added)$ (Roman mythology) supreme god of Romans; counterpart of Greek Zeus^)
^ #Roman_deity,
~ #Zeus;
#wn07704525|Ulysses (^$('<' #Odysseus replaced by '~'; '^' #mythical_being added)$ Roman misspelling for Odysseus^)
^ #mythical_being,
~ #Odysseus;
#wn12636147|natal_day__birthday (^$('=' #birthday added and hence '<' #day_of_the_month to #birthday)$ the date on which a person was born^)
= #birthday;
Here are 142 links we had to add when actually representing knowledge. The used syntax is a bit more complex than the one presented at the beginning of this document (see the FT grammar for details). When a category identifier is followed by " (pm)", this means that the links with the source category has been created by me.
//----- Specializations of pm#situation
#movement
> #movement.change (pm) #human_motion (pm);
#life
> #life.organic_phenomenon (pm);
#radiation
> #radiation.action (pm);
#explosion
> #explosion.action (pm);
#verbal_creation
> pm#interlingual_translation;
pm#interlingual_translation__translation;
#prayer
> #petition.prayer (pm);
#battle
> pm#battle_in_France;
pm#battle_in_France
: #Agincourt #French_Revolution #battle_of_the_Marne #Chalons-sur-Marne #battle_of_Crecy #battle_of_Ivry #Meuse-Argonne_operation #siege_of_Orleans #battle_of_Poitiers #battle_of_Rocroi #battle_of_Saint_Mihiel #battle_of_Soissons-Reims #WWI_battle_of_the_Somme #WWII_battle_of_the_Somme #battle_of_Tertry #battle_of_Valmy #battle_of_Verdun,
l #France;
#symposium
> pm#national_conference pm#international_conference;
//----- Specializations of pm#space
#district
> pm#australian_district,
: pm#Darmstadt;
#Germany
p pm#Darmstadt;
#city
> #capital_city (pm);
//----- Specializations of pm#entity_that_can_be_alive
#female
> #female_person (pm);
#male
> #male_person (pm);
//----- Specializations of pm#psychological_entity
#project
> #software (pm);
//----- Specializations of pm#description_medium
pm#integer_address_part
> pm#street_No pm#floor_No pm#unit_No #PO_Box_No;
#PO_Box_No
> pm#region_PO_Box_No pm#GPO/PMB_Box_No;
#programming_language
> pm#declarative_language pm#Web-scripting_language;
#algorithmic_language
> pm#procedural_Web-scripting_language #Java_language (pm);
pm#procedural_Web-scripting_language
> pm#Javascript;
pm#declarative_language
> pm#rule_based_language pm#file_formatting_language;
#software
> pm#knowledge_based_management_system__KBMS pm#information_retrieval_system;
#text_editor
> pm#Emacs_text_editor;
#language_unit
> pm#category_identifier__formal_term;
#markup_language
> pm#XML pm#XML_based_language;
pm#XML (^the language for describing XML-based languages; see http://www.w3.org/XML^);
pm#XML_based_language__XML_based_notation (^any notation following an XML schema; see http://www.w3.org/^)
> pm#XHTML pm#SVG pm#RDF/XML;
#name
> pm#previous_surname pm#middle_name;
//----- Specializations of pm#container_of_description
#file
> pm#special_file pm#unretrievable_file;
#computer_file
> {#binary_file #text_file} (pm);
#binary_file
> pm#GIF_file;
#text_file
> pm#plain_text_file pm#structured_text_file pm#encoded_text_file;
pm#structured_text_file
> pm#HTML_file;
pm#encoded_text_file
> pm#postscript_file;
pm#special_file
> pm#computer_program pm#documentation pm#repository pm#WWW_file;
pm#computer_program__software_file
> pm#freeware_file pm#web_search_engine #source_code;
pm#documentation
> pm#tutorial pm#lecture pm#user_manual;
pm#repository
> pm#web_index pm#Yellow_Pages pm#WWW_home_page pm#cookie;
pm#web_index
> pm#web_index_and_search_engine;
//----- Specializations of pm#attribute_or_measure
#day_of_the_week
> {#rest_day #weekday} (pm) {(pm#workday pm#weekend_day)} (pm);
//reminder: {(..)} encloses a closed open subtype partition,
// while {...} encloses an open subtype partition
#weekday
> {(#Monday #Tuesday #Wednesday #Thursday #Friday)} (pm);
pm#workday
> {(#Monday #Tuesday #Wednesday #Thursday #Friday)};
pm#weekend_day
> {(#Saturday #Sunday)};
#acceleration
> #acceleration_unit (pm);
#distance
> #linear_unit (pm) #distance.size (pm);
#flux_density
> #flux_density_unit (pm);
#angle
> #angular_unit (pm);
#color
> {(#chromatic_color #achromatic_color)} (pm);
#chromatic_color
> {(#red #orange_color #yellow #green #blue #purple #pink #brown #olive_color #pastel)} (pm);
#yellow
> pm#blond_color;
pm#blond_color__blond__blonde (^light yellow^);
#achromatic_color
> {(#black #white #gray)} (pm);
#rate
> pm#computer_speed #pace.rate (pm) pm#m/s__meter_per_second;
pm#computer_speed
> pm#computer_speed_unit;
pm#computer_speed_unit
> #MFLOPS #MIPS;
#temperature
> #temperature_unit (pm);
#mass
> #mass_unit (pm);
#length
> #distance (pm) #distance.size (pm);
#temperature_unit
> pm#celsius pm#fahrenheit;
#capacity.indefinite_quantity
> #computer_memory_unit (pm);
#volume
> #volume_unit (pm);
#capacity.volume
> #metric_capacity_unit (pm);
#monetary_value
> #cost (pm);
#age
> #time_of_life (pm);
#viscosity
> #unit_of_viscosity (pm);
#hardness
> #Brinell_number (pm);
#sound
> #sound_unit (pm);
#inductance
> #inductance_unit (pm);
#weight
> #metric_weight_unit (pm) #weight_unit (pm);
#forcefulness
> #force_unit (pm);
#size
> #unit_of_measurement (pm);
#field_strength
> #field_strength_unit (pm);
#surface_area
> #area_unit (pm);
#month p #day (pm); #calendar_month p #day (pm);
//----- Specializations of pm#collection
pm#ontology
p pm#category_identifier pm#category_definition;
#French_people
m #French_person (pm);
//----- Specializations of pm#divisible_entity
#money
> #monetary_unit (pm);
#creation_result
> #written_document (pm);
//----- Specializations of pm#causal_entity
#person
> pm#male_or_female_person pm#in_relationship_person;
#Australian
> pm#Australian_researcher;
#Gibraltarian
l #Gibraltar (pm);
#institution
> pm#research_center;
#agency
> pm#real_estate_agency;
//----- Specializations of pm#thing_playing_some_role
#component_part
> pm#address_part #region (pm);
pm#address_part
> pm#integer_address_part pm#street_name pm#housing_name pm#building_name pm#additional_address_details;
#employee
> #cashier (pm) #managing_director (pm);
#sibling
> #female_sibling (pm) #male_sibling (pm);