#vascular_plant__tracheophyte  green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
  supertype:  plant__flora__plant_life__plantlife  a living organism lacking the power of locomotion
  part:  vascular_system  duct.plant_part
  subtype:  pteridophyte__nonflowering_plant  plants having vascular tissue and reproducing by spores
     subtype:  fern  any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores
        subtype:  pecopteris  Carboniferous fossil fern characterized by a regular arrangement of the leaflets resembling a comb
        subtype:  filmy_fern__filmyfern__film_fern  any fern of the genus Hymenophyllum growing in tropical humid regions and having translucent leaves
        subtype:  bristle_fern__bristlefern__filmy_fern__filmyfern  any fern of the genus Trichomanes having large pinnatifid often translucent fronds; most are epiphytic on tree branches and twigs or terrestrial on mossy banks
           subtype:  hare's-foot_bristle_fern__Trichomanes_boschianum  a variety of bristle fern
           subtype:  Killarney_fern__Trichomanes_speciosum  large stout fern of extreme western Europe
           subtype:  kidney_fern__Trichomanes_reniforme  large fern of New Zealand having kidney-shaped fronds
        subtype:  osmund__flowering_fern__floweringfern  any fern of the genus Osmunda: large ferns with creeping rhizomes; naked sporangia are on modified fronds that resemble flower clusters
           subtype:  royal_fern__royalfern__royal_osmund__royalosmund__king_fern__ditch_fern__ditchfern__French_bracken__Osmunda_regalis  large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds
           subtype:  interrupted_fern__interruptedfern__Osmunda_clatonia  North American fern having tall erect pinnate fronds and a few sporogenous pinnae at or near the center of the fertile fronds
           subtype:  cinnamon_fern__fiddlehead__fiddlehead_fern__Osmunda_cinnamonea  New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible
        subtype:  crape_fern__crapefern__Prince-of-Wales_fern__Prince-of-Wales_feather__Prince-of-Wales_plume__Leptopteris_superba__Todea_superba  New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea
        subtype:  crepe_fern__crepefern__king_fern__Todea_barbara  fern of rain forests of tropical Australia and New Zealand and South Africa
        subtype:  curly_grass_fern__curlygrassfern__curly_grass__curlygras__Schizaea_pusilla  rare small fern of northeastern North America having numerous slender spiraling fronds and forming dense tufts
        subtype:  pine_fern__Anemia_adiantifolia  fern of Florida and West Indies and Central America with rhizome densely clad in grown hairs
        subtype:  climbing_fern  any of several ferns of the genus Lygodium
           subtype:  creeping_fern__Hartford_fern__Lygodium_palmatum  delicate fern of the eastern United States having a twining stem and palmately-lobed sterile fronds and forked fertile fronds
           subtype:  climbing_maidenhair_fern__climbing_maidenhair__snake_fern__snakefern__Lygodium_microphyllum  tropical fern widespread in Old World; naturalized in Jamaica and Florida
        subtype:  scented_fern__scentedfern__mohriacaffrorum  sweetly scented African fern with narrow bipinnate fronds
        subtype:  aquatic_fern__aquaticfern__water_fern__waterfern  ferns that grow in water
           subtype:  clover_fern__pepperwort  any of several water ferns of the genus Marsilea having four leaflets
              subtype:  common_nardoo__nardoo__nardo__Marsilea_drummondii  Australian clover fern
              subtype:  water_clover__waterclover__Marsilea_quadrifolia  water fern of Europe and Asia and the eastern United States distinguished by four leaflets resembling clover leaves
           subtype:  pillwort__Pilularia_globulifera  European water fern found around margins of bodies of water or in wet acid soil having small globose sporocarps
           subtype:  regnellidium__Regnellidium_diphyllum  small latex-containing aquatic fern of southern Brazil
           subtype:  floating-moss__Salvinia_rotundifolia__Salvinia_auriculata  free-floating aquatic ferns
           subtype:  mosquito_fern__floating_fern__Carolina_pond_fern__Azolla_caroliniana  small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe
           subtype:  floating_fern__water_sprite__watersprite__ceratopterispteridioide  aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums
           subtype:  Ceratopteris_thalictroides__floating_fern  pantropical aquatic fern
        subtype:  adder's_tongue_fern__adder's_tongue__adder'stongue  ferns with fertile spikes shaped like a snake's tongue
           subtype:  Ophioglossum_pendulum__ribbon_fern  epiphytic fern with straplike usually twisted fronds of tropical Asia and Polynesia and America
        subtype:  grape_fern__grapefern  a fern of the genus Botrychium having a fertile frond bearing small grapelike clusters of spore cases
           subtype:  common_moonwort__moonwort__Botrychium_lunaria  of America and Eurasia and Australia
           subtype:  daisyleaf_grape_fern__daisyleafgrapefern__daisy-leaved_grape_fern__Botrychium_matricariifolium  of North America and Eurasia
           subtype:  leathery_grape_fern__Botrychium_multifidum  European fern with leathery and sparsely hairy fronds
           subtype:  rattlesnake_fern__rattlesnakefern__Botrychium_virginianum  American fern whose clustered sporangia resemble a snake's rattle
        subtype:  flowering_fern__floweringfern__Helminthostachys_zeylanica  Australasian fern with clusters of sporangia on stems of fertile fronds
        subtype:  giant_scrambling_fern__Diplopterygium_longissimum  large scrambling fern forming large patches to 18 feet high; Pacific region and China
        subtype:  umbrella_fern__fan_fern__fanfern__Sticherus_flabellatus__Gleichenia_flabellata  large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia
        subtype:  polypody  any of numerous ferns of the genus Polypodium
           subtype:  licorice_fern__Polypodium_glycyrrhiza  fern having rootstock of a sweetish flavor
           subtype:  gray_polypody__resurrection_fern__Polypodium_polypodioides  fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds grayish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa
           subtype:  leatherleaf__leathery_polypody__coast_polypody__coastpolypody__Polypodium_scouleri  stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib
           subtype:  rock_polypody__rock_brake__American_wall_fern__Polypodium_virgianum  chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia
           subtype:  common_polypody__adder's_fern__adder'sfern__wall_fern__golden_maidenhair__golden_polypody__sweet_fern__sweetfern__Polypodium_vulgare  mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia
        subtype:  bear's-paw_fern__Aglaomorpha_meyeniana  epiphytic fern with large fronds; Taiwan and Philippines
        subtype:  strap_fern__strapfern  fern with long narrow strap-shaped leaves
           subtype:  Florida_strap_fern__cow-tongue_fern__hart's-tongue_fern  common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay
           subtype:  Central_American_strap_fern__narrow-leaved_strap_fern__Campyloneurum_augustifolium  fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina
        subtype:  Drynaria_rigidula__basket_fern  giant epiphytic or lithophytic fern; Asia to Polynesia and Australia
        subtype:  lecanopteris  any of several bizarre ferns of the genus Lecanopteris having swollen hollow rhizomes that provide homes for symbiotic ants
        subtype:  snake_polypody__snakepolypody__Microgramma-piloselloides  epiphytic ferns with long rhizomes; tropical America
        subtype:  climbing_bird's_nest_fern__Microsorium_punctatum  tropical Africa to Australasia and Polynesia
        subtype:  golden_polypody__serpent_fern__serpentfern__rabbit's-foot_fern__Phlebodium_aureum__Polypodium_aureum  tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium
        subtype:  staghorn_fern  any of various tropical ferns of the genus Platycerium having large flat lobed fronds often resembling the antlers of a stag
           subtype:  South_American_staghorn__Platycerium_andinum  fern of Peru and Bolivia
           subtype:  common_staghorn_fern__elkhorn_fern__elkhornfern__platyceriumbifurcatum__Platycerium_alcicorne  commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia
        subtype:  felt_fern__tongue_fern__Pyrrosia_lingua__Cyclophorus_lingua  east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus
        subtype:  Solanopteris_bifrons__potato_fern  small epiphytic fern of South America with tuberous swellings along rhizomes
        subtype:  grass_fern__grassfern__ribbon_fern__Vittaria_lineata  epiphytic fern found in lowland forests of tropical America
        subtype:  spleenwort  any of various chiefly rock-inhabiting ferns of the genus Asplenium
           subtype:  black_spleenwort__blackspleenwort__Asplenium_adiantum-nigrum  spleenwort of Europe and Africa and Asia having pinnate fronds and yielding an astringent
           subtype:  ebony_spleenwort__ebonyspleenwort__Scott's_Spleenwort__Asplenium_platyneuron  common North American fern with polished black stripes
           subtype:  black-stem_spleenwort__black-stemmed_spleenwort__blackstemmedspleenwort__little_ebony_spleenwort  fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil
           subtype:  walking_fern__walkingfern__walking_leaf__walkingleaf__Asplenium_rhizophyllum__Camptosorus_rhizophyllus  ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip
           subtype:  maidenhair_spleenwort__Asplenium_trichomanes  small rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate zone and Hawaii with pinnate fronds
           subtype:  green_spleenwort__greenspleenwort__aspleniumviride  small often many-crowned fern with slim green fronds; widely distributed in cool parts of northern hemisphere
           subtype:  mountain_spleenwort__Asplenium_montanum  a spleenwort of eastern North America
           subtype:  wall_rue_spleenwort__wall_rue__Asplenium_ruta-muraria  small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America
           subtype:  Bradley's_spleenwort__Asplenium_bradleyi  a spleenwort of eastern to southern United States
           subtype:  lobed_spleenwort__lobedspleenwort__Asplenium_pinnatifidum  a spleenwort of eastern and southern United States
           subtype:  lanceolate_spleenwort__Asplenium_billotii  a spleenwort of western Europe
        subtype:  bird's_nest_fern__Asplenium_nidus  tropical Old World or Australian epiphytic fern frequently forming tufts in tree crotches
        subtype:  Asplenium_scolopendrium__hart's-tongue__hart's-tongue_fern__Phyllitis_scolopendrium  Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds
        subtype:  scale_fern__scalefern__scaly_fern__scalyfern__Asplenium_ceterach__Ceterach_officinarum  small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds
        subtype:  Schaffneria_nigripes__Asplenium_nigripes__Scolopendrium_nigripes  a fern of the genus Schaffneria
        subtype:  scolopendrium  a fern thought to resemble a millipede
        subtype:  hard_fern  any of several ferns of the genus Blechnum
           subtype:  deer_fern__Blechnum_spicant  fern with erect fronds of Europe and western North America; often cultivated for deer browse
        subtype:  doodia__rasp_fern  any fern of the genus Doodia having pinnate fronds with sharply dentate pinnae
        subtype:  chain_fern__chainfern  a fern of the genus Woodwardia having the sori in chainlike rows
           subtype:  Virginia_chain_fern__Woodwardia_virginica  North American fern
        subtype:  tree_fern  any of numerous usually tropical ferns having a thick woody stem or caudex and a crown of large fronds; found especially in Australia and New Zealand; chiefly of the families Cyatheaceae and Marattiaceae but some from Polypodiaceae
           subtype:  silver_tree_fern__sago_fern__black_tree_fern__Cyathea_medullaris  showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia area having a crown of much-pinnated fronds with whitish undersides
           subtype:  soft_tree_fern__Dicksonia_antarctica  of Australia and Tasmania; often cultivated; hardy in cool climates
           subtype:  Scythian_lamb__Cibotium_barometz  Asiatic tree fern having dense matted hairs sometimes used as a styptic
           subtype:  thyrsopteris__Thyrsopteris_elegans  a terrestrial tree fern of South America
           subtype:  angiopteris__angiopteri__giant_fern__giantfern__Angiopteris_evecta  highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall
        subtype:  davallia  any fern of the genus Davallia; having scaly creeping rhizomes
           subtype:  hare's-foot_fern  either of two ferns of the genus Davallia having a soft gray hairy rootstock
              subtype:  Canary_Island_hare's_foot_fern__Davallia_canariensis  fern of the Canary Islands and Madeira
              subtype:  Australian_hare's_foot__Davallia_pyxidata  a hare's-foot fern of the genus Davallia
           subtype:  squirrel's-foot_fern__ball_fern__Davalia_bullata__Davalia_bullata_mariesii__Davallia_Mariesii  feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia
        subtype:  hay-scented_fern__hayscentedfern__hay-scented__hayscented__scented_fern__scentedfern__boulderfern__Dennstaedtia_punctilobula  fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay
        subtype:  pasture_brake__pasturebrake__bracken__brake__Pteridium_aquilinum  large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan
        subtype:  bracken__Pteridium_esculentum  fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions
        subtype:  false_bracken__falsebracken__Culcita_dubia  resembles Pteridium aquilinum; of Queensland Australia
        subtype:  shield_fern__buckler_fern__bucklerfern  any of various ferns of the genera Dryopteris or Polystichum or Lastreopsis having somewhat shield-shaped coverings on the sori
           subtype:  broad_buckler-fern__broadbucklerfern__Dryopteris_dilatata  European shield fern
           subtype:  Goldie's_fern__Goldie's_shield_fern__goldie's_wood_fern__Dryopteris_goldiana  North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe
           subtype:  soft_shield_fern__Polystichum_setiferum  European shield fern cultivated in many varieties
        subtype:  wood_fern__wood-fern  any of various ferns of the genus Dryopteris
           subtype:  fragrant_cliff_fern__fragrant_shield_fern__fragrant_wood_fern__Dryopteris_fragrans  fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds
           subtype:  male_fern__Dryopteris_filix-mas  fern of North America and Europe whose rhizomes and stalks yield an oleoresin used to expel tapeworms
           subtype:  marginal_wood_fern__evergreen_wood_fern__leatherleaf_wood_fern__Dryopteris_marginalis  North American fern with evergreen fronds
           subtype:  mountain_male_fern__Dryopteris_oreades  a fern of the genus Dryopteris
        subtype:  lady_fern__Athyrium_filix-femina  most widely grown fern of the genus Athyrium for its delicate foliage
           subtype:  Alpine_lady_fern__Athyrium_distentifolium  a lady fern with deeply cut leaf segments; found in the Rocky Mountains
        subtype:  glade_fern__gladefern__silvery_spleenwort__silveryspleenwort__narrow-leaved_spleenwort__Athyrium_pycnocarpon__Diplazium_pycnocarpon  North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks
        subtype:  Cyrtomium_aculeatum__holly_fern__hollyfern__polystichumaculeatum  tropical Old World fern having glossy fronds suggestive of holly; sometimes placed in genus Polystichum
        subtype:  bladder_fern__bladderfern  any fern of the genus Cystopteris characterized by a hooded indusium or bladderlike membrane covering the sori
           subtype:  brittle_bladder_fern__brittlebladderfern__brittle_fern__brittlefern__fragile_fern__fragilefern__Cystopteris_fragilis  delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems
           subtype:  mountain_bladder_fern__Cystopteris_montana  fern of rocky mountainous areas of hemisphere
           subtype:  bulblet_fern__bulbletfern__bulbletbladderfern__berry_fern__berryfern__cystopterisbulbifera  North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets
        subtype:  silvery_spleenwort__silveryspleenwort__Deparia_acrostichoides__Athyrium_thelypteroides  fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores
        subtype:  oak_fern__oakfern__Gymnocarpium_dryopteris__Thelypteris_dryopteris  bright blue-green fern widely distributed especially in damp acid woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere
        subtype:  limestone_fern__limestonefern__northern_oak_fern__Gymnocarpium_robertianum  yellow-green fern of rocky areas of northern hemisphere
        subtype:  ostrich_fern__ostrichfern__shuttlecock_fern__shuttlecockfern__fiddlehead__Matteuccia_struthiopteris__Pteretis_struthiopteris__Onoclea_struthiopteris  tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes
        subtype:  hart's-tongue_fern__hart's-tongue__Olfersia_cervina__Polybotrya_cervina__Polybotria_cervina  tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya
        subtype:  sensitive_fern__sensitivefern__bead_fern__Onoclea_sensibilis  beautiful spreading fern of eastern North America and eastern Asia naturalized in western Europe; pinnately divided fronds show a slight tendency to fold when touched; pinnules enclose groups of sori in beadlike lobes
        subtype:  Christmas_fern__canker_brake__dagger_fern__evergreen_wood_fern__Polystichum_acrostichoides  North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds
        subtype:  holly_fern__hollyfern  any of various ferns of the genus Polystichum having fronds with texture and gloss like holly
           subtype:  Braun's_holly_fern__prickly_shield_fern__Polystichum_braunii  North American fern whose more or less evergreen leathery fronds are covered with pale brown chafflike scales
           subtype:  northern_holly_fern__Polystichum_lonchitis  evergreen European fern widely cultivated
           subtype:  western_holly_fern__westernhollyfern__Polystichum_scopulinum  North American fern
        subtype:  leatherleaf_fern__leatherleaffern__leather_fern__leatherfern__tendayfern__Rumohra_adiantiformis__Polystichum_adiantiformis  widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds
        subtype:  Tectaria_cicutaria__button_fern  Jamaican fern having round buttonlike bulbils
        subtype:  Indian_button_fern__Tectaria_macrodonta  fern of tropical Asia having round buttonlike bulbils
        subtype:  woodsia  any fern of the genus Woodsia
           subtype:  rusty_woodsia__rustywoodsia__fragrant_woodsia__oblong_woodsia__Woodsia_ilvensis  a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds
           subtype:  Alpine_woodsia__northern_woodsia__flower-cup_fern__Woodsia_alpina  slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori
           subtype:  smooth_woodsia__Woodsia_glabella  rock-inhabiting fern of Arctic and subarctic Europe to eastern Asia
        subtype:  oleander_fern__Oleandra_neriiformis__Oleandra_mollis  tropical fern having leathery fronds resembling oleander; found from Asia to Polynesia
        subtype:  sword_fern__swordfern  any of several tropical ferns having more or less sword-shaped fronds including one from which the Boston fern developed
           subtype:  Boston_fern__Nephrolepis_exaltata__Nephrolepis_exaltata_bostoniensis  a sword fern with arching or drooping pinnate fronds; a popular houseplant
           subtype:  basket_fern__toothed_sword_fern__toothedswordfern__Nephrolepis_pectinata  tropical American fern cultivated for its finely divided grayish-green foliage; West Indies and southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil
        subtype:  leather_fern__leatherfern__goldenfern__Acrostichum_aureum  stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides
        subtype:  maidenhair_fern__maidenhair  any of various small to large terrestrial ferns of the genus Adiantum having delicate palmately branched fronds
           subtype:  common_maidenhair__Venushair__Venus'-hair_fern__southern_maidenhair__Venus_maidenhair__Adiantum_capillus-veneris  delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan
           subtype:  American_maidenhair_fern__five-fingered_maidenhair_fern__Adiantum_pedatum  hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes
           subtype:  Bermuda_maidenhair_fern__Bermuda_maidenhair__Adiantum_bellum  delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock
           subtype:  brittle_maidenhair_fern__brittle_maidenhair__brittlemaidenhair__Adiantum_tenerum  tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated
              subtype:  Farley_maidenhair_fern__Farley_maidenhair__Barbados_maidenhair__glory_fern__gloryfern__adiantumtenerumfarleyense  named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered
        subtype:  annual_fern__Jersey_fern__Anogramma_leptophylla  small short-lived fern of Central and South America
        subtype:  lip_fern__lipfern  any of various terrestrial ferns of the genus Cheilanthes; cosmopolitan in arid and semi-arid temperate or tropical regions
           subtype:  smooth_lip_fern__Alabama_lip_fern__Cheilanthes_alabamensis  southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica
           subtype:  wooly_lip_fern__woolylipfern__hairy_lip_fern__hairylipfern__Cheilanthes_lanosa  small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly
           subtype:  southwestern_lip_fern__Cheilanthes_eatonii  lip fern of Texas to Oklahoma and Colorado and Arizona and Mexico having tall erect tufted fronds
        subtype:  lace_fern__Cheilanthes_gracillima  small tufted fern of northwestern America
        subtype:  bamboo_fern__Coniogramme_japonica  fast-growing sturdy Japanese fern; cultivated for their attractive broad dark-green pinnate fronds
        subtype:  rock_brake  dwarf deciduous lithophytic ferns
           subtype:  American_rock_brake__American_parsley_fern__Cryptogramma_acrostichoides  rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley
           subtype:  European_parsley_fern__mountain_parsley_fern__Cryptogramma_crispa  fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley
        subtype:  hand_fern__Doryopteris_pedata  tropical American fern with coarsely lobed to palmatifid fronds
        subtype:  cliff_brake__cliffbrake__rock_brake  any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions
           subtype:  coffee_fern__Pellaea_andromedifolia  evergreen fern of California and Baja California
           subtype:  purple_rock_brake__Pellaea_atropurpurea  very short shallowly creeping North American fern usually growing on cliffs or walls and having dark glossy leaf axes
           subtype:  bird's-foot_fern__Pellaea_mucronata__Pellaea_ornithopus  cliff brake of California and Baja California having purple-brown leafstalks
        subtype:  button_fern__Pellaea_rotundifolia  fern of New Zealand and Australia having trailing fronds with dark green buttonlike leaflets
        subtype:  Pityrogramma_argentea__silver_fern  fern of southern tropical Africa having fronds with white undersides
        subtype:  silver_fern__Pityrogramma_calomelanos  tropical American fern having fronds with white undersides
        subtype:  golden_fern__Pityrogramma_calomelanos_aureoflava  tropical American fern having fronds with light golden undersides
        subtype:  gold_fern__Pityrogramma_chrysophylla  fern of West Indies and South America having fronds with bright golden-yellow undersides
        subtype:  brake.fern  any of various ferns of the genus Pteris having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants
        subtype:  Pteris_cretica  cultivated in many varieties as houseplants
        subtype:  spider_brake__spider_fern__Pteris_multifida  Asiatic fern introduced in America
        subtype:  ribbon_fern__spider_fern__Pteris_serrulata  fern of North Africa and Azores and Canary Islands
        subtype:  potato_fern__Marattia_salicina  large Australasian evergreen fern with an edible rhizome sometimes used as a vegetable by indigenous people
        subtype:  marsh_fern__marshfern__thelypterispalustri__Dryopteris_thelypteris  fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions
           subtype:  snuffbox_fern__meadow_fern__Thelypteris_palustris_pubescens__Dryopteris_thelypteris_pubescens  fern of northeastern North America
        subtype:  christella  any of several tropical ferns of the genus Christella having thin brittle fronds
        subtype:  mountain_fern__Oreopteris_limbosperma__Dryopteris_oreopteris  common European mountain fern having fragrant lemon or balsam scented fronds
        subtype:  New_York_fern__Parathelypteris_novae-boracensis__Dryopteris_noveboracensis  slender shield fern of moist woods of eastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Dryopteris
        subtype:  Massachusetts_fern__Parathelypteris_simulata__Thelypteris_simulata  delicate feathery shield fern of the eastern United States; sometimes placed in genus Thelypteris
        subtype:  beech_fern__beechfern  any fern of the genus Phegopteris having deeply cut triangular fronds
           subtype:  broad_beech_fern__broadbeechfern__southern_beech_fern__Phegopteris_hexagonoptera__Dryopteris_hexagonoptera__Thelypteris_hexagonoptera  beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes
           subtype:  long_beech_fern__narrow_beech_fern__northern_beech_fern__Phegopteris_connectilis__Dryopteris_phegopteris__Thelypteris_phegopteris  beech fern of North America and Eurasia
     subtype:  fern_ally  pteridophytes of other classes than Filicopsida
        subtype:  whisk_fern__whiskfern  chiefly tropical clump-forming plants of skeletal appearance resembling whisk brooms; lacking roots
           subtype:  skeleton_fork_fern__Psilotum_nudum  pantropical epiphytic or terrestrial whisk fern with usually dull yellow branches and minute leaves; America; Japan; Australia
        subtype:  horsetail  perennial rushlike flowerless herbs with jointed hollow stems and narrow toothlike leaves that spread by creeping rhizomes; tend to become weedy; common in northern hemisphere; some in Africa and South America
           subtype:  common_horsetail__field_horsetail__fieldhorsetail__Equisetum_arvense  of Eurasia and Greenland and North America
           subtype:  swamp_horsetail__swamphorsetail__water_horsetail__Equisetum_fluviatile  Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia
           subtype:  scouring_rush__rough_horsetail__roughhorsetail__Equisetum_hyemale__Equisetum_hyemale_robustum__Equisetum_robustum  evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils
           subtype:  marsh_horsetail__marshhorsetail__Equisetum_palustre  scouring-rush horsetail widely distributed in wet or boggy areas of northern hemisphere
           subtype:  wood_horsetail__Equisetum_Sylvaticum  Eurasia except southern Russia; northern North America
           subtype:  variegated_horsetail__variegated_scouring_rush__Equisetum_variegatum  northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe
        subtype:  club_moss__clubmoss__lycopod  primitive evergreen mosslike plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles
           subtype:  shining_clubmoss__Lycopodium_lucidulum  a variety of clubmoss
           subtype:  alpine_clubmoss__Lycopodium_alpinum  a variety of clubmoss
           subtype:  fir_clubmoss__mountain_clubmoss__little_clubmoss__Lycopodium_selago  of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir
           subtype:  ground_pine__Christmas_green  any of several club mosses having long creeping stems and erect branches
              subtype:  running_pine__runningpine__lycopodiumclavitum  a variety of clubmoss
              subtype:  ground_cedar__staghorn_moss__Lycopodium_complanatum  a variety of clubmoss
              subtype:  ground_fir__princess_pine__tree_clubmoss__Lycopodium_obscurum  a variety of clubmoss
              subtype:  foxtail_grass__foxtailgras__Lycopodium_alopecuroides  ground pine thickly covered with bristly leaves; widely distributed in barren sandy or peaty moist coastal regions of eastern and southeastern United States
           subtype:  spikemoss__spikemos__spikemos__littleclubmos  any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella
              subtype:  meadow_spikemoss__basket_spikemoss__Selaginella_apoda  spikemoss forming dense mats; eastern North America
              subtype:  rock_spikemoss__dwarf_lycopod__dwarflycopod__Selaginella_rupestris  tufted spikemoss forming loose spreading mats; eastern North America
              subtype:  desert_selaginella__Selaginella_eremophila  prostrate spikemoss; California
              subtype:  resurrection_plant__rose_of_Jericho__Selaginella_lepidophylla  densely tufted fern ally of southwestern United States to Peru; curls up in a tight ball when dry and expands and grows under moist conditions
              subtype:  florida_selaginella__floridaselaginella__Selaginella_eatonii  occurs widely in Florida
        subtype:  quillwort  any of several spore-bearing aquatic or marsh plants having short rhizomes and leaves resembling quills; worldwide except Polynesia
  subtype:  spermatophyte__phanerogam__seed_plant  plant that reproduces by means of seeds not spores
     subtype:  seedling  young plant or tree grown from a seed
     subtype:  balsam  any seed plant yielding balsam
     subtype:  gymnosperm  plants of the class Gymnospermae having seeds not enclosed in an ovary
        subtype:  progymnosperm  an ancestral fossil type from which modern gymnosperms are thought to have derived
        subtype:  welwitschia__Welwitschia_mirabilis  curious plant of arid regions of southwestern Africa having a yard-high and yard-wide trunk like a turnip with a deep taproot and two large persistent woody straplike leaves growing from the base; living relic of a flora long disappeared; some may be 700-5000 years old
        subtype:  cycad  any tropical gymnosperm of the order Cycadales; having unbranched stems with a crown of fernlike leaves
           subtype:  Cycas_revoluta__sago_palm  dwarf palmlike cycad of Japan that yields sago
              subtype:  false_sago__falsesago__fern_palm__Cycas_circinalis  southeastern Indian cycad with palmlike foliage
           subtype:  zamia  any of various cycads of the genus Zamia; among the smallest and most verdant cycads
              subtype:  coontie__Florida_arrowroot__Seminole_bread__Zamia_pumila  small tough woody zamia of Florida and West Indies and Cuba; roots and half-buried stems yield an arrowroot
           subtype:  ceratozamia  a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico
           subtype:  dioon  any cycad of the genus Dioon; handsome palmlike cycads with robust crowns of leaves and rugged trunks
           subtype:  encephalartos__encephalarto  any of numerous cycads of the genus Encephalartos having stout cylindrical trunks and a terminal crown of long often spiny pinnate leaves
           subtype:  kaffir_bread__Encephalartos_caffer  South African cycad; the farinaceous pith of the fruit used as food
           subtype:  macrozamia  any treelike cycad of the genus Macrozamia having erect trunks and pinnate leaves and large cones with sometimes edible nuts; Australia
           subtype:  Macrozamia_communis__burrawong  large attractive palmlike evergreen cycad of New South Wales
           subtype:  burrawong__Macrozamia_spiralis  large attractive palmlike evergreen cycad of New South Wales
        subtype:  seed_fern__pteridosperm  an extinct seed-producing fernlike plant of the order Cycadofilicales (or group Pteridospermae)
     subtype:  angiosperm__flowering_plant__floweringplant  plants having seeds in a closed ovary
        subtype:  angiocarp  tree bearing fruit enclosed in a shell or involucre or husk
        subtype:  dicot__dicotyledon  flowering plant with two cotyledons
           subtype:  jiqui__malpighiaobovata  cuban timber tree with hard wood very resistant to moisture
           subtype:  barbados_cherry__acerola__Surinam_cherry__West_Indian_cherry__Malpighia_glabra  tropical American shrub bearing edible acid red fruit resembling cherries
           subtype:  family_Cyrilliaceae__Cyrilliaceae__cyrilla_family__cyrillafamily__titi_family  shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and small white flowers in racemes: genera Cyrilla and Cliftonia
        subtype:  monocot__liliopsid  a monocotyledonous flowering plant
        subtype:  flower  a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms
           subtype:  bloomer  a flower that blooms in a particular way; "a night bloomer"
           subtype:  peony__paeony  any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers
           subtype:  lesser_celandine__pilewort__Ranunculus_ficaria  perennial herb native to Europe but naturalized elsewhere having heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers resembling buttercups; its tuberous roots have been used as a poultice to relieve piles
           subtype:  pheasant's-eye__Adonis_annua  Eurasian herb cultivated for its dark-centered deep red flowers
           subtype:  anemone__windflower  any woodland plant of the genus Anemone grown for its beautiful flowers and whorls of dissected leaves
              subtype:  Alpine_anemone__mountain_anemone__Anemone_tetonensis  silky-foliaged herb of Rocky Mts with bluish-white flowers
              subtype:  Canada_anemone__Anemone_Canadensis  common summer-flowering woodland herb of Labrador to Colorado
              subtype:  thimbleweed__Anemone_cylindrica  a common North American anemone with cylindrical fruit clusters resembling thimbles
                 subtype:  longheaded_thimbleweed__Anemone_riparia  thimbleweed of northern North America
                 subtype:  Virginia_thimbleweed__Anemone_virginiana  thimbleweed of central and eastern North America
              subtype:  Anemone_nemorosa__wood_anemone  European anemone with solitary white flowers common in deciduous woodlands
              subtype:  wood_anemone__snowdrop__Anemone_quinquefolia  common anemone of eastern North America with solitary pink-tinged white flowers
              subtype:  snowdrop_anemone__snowdrop_windflower__Anemone_sylvestris  Eurasian herb with solitary nodding fragrant white flowers
           subtype:  rue_anemone__Anemonella_thalictroides  woodland flower native to eastern North America having cup-shaped flowers reminiscent of anemone but more delicate
           subtype:  columbine__aquilege  a plant of the genus Aquilegia having irregular showy spurred flowers; north temperate regions especially mountains
              subtype:  meeting_house__meetinghouse__honeysuckle__aquilegiacanadensi  columbine of eastern North America having long-spurred red flowers
              subtype:  blue_columbine__Aquilegia_coerulia__Aquilegia_scopulorum_calcarea  columbine of Rocky Mts having long-spurred blue flowers
              subtype:  granny's_bonnets__Aquilegia_vulgaris  common European columbine having variously colored (white or blue to purple or red) short-spurred flowers; naturalized in United States
           subtype:  rocket_larkspur__Consolida_ambigua__Delphinium_ajacis  commonly cultivated larkspur of southern Europe having unbranched spikelike racemes of blue or sometimes purplish or pinkish flowers; sometime placed in genus Delphinium
           subtype:  delphinium  any plant of the genus Delphinium having palmately divided leaves and showy spikes of variously colored spurred flowers; some contain extremely poisonous substances
              subtype:  larkspur  any of numerous cultivated plants of the genus Delphinium
           subtype:  nigella  any plant of the genus Nigella
              subtype:  Nigella_damascena__love-in-a-mist  European garden plant having finely cut leaves and white or pale blue flowers
              subtype:  fennel_flower__Nigella_hispanica  nigella of Spain and southern France
              subtype:  black_caraway__blackcaraway__nutmeg_flower__Roman_coriander__Nigella_sativa  herb of the Mediterranean region having pungent seeds used like those of caraway
           subtype:  spathiphyllum__peace_lily__peacelily__spathe_flower  any of various plants of the genus Spathiphyllum having a white or green spathe and a spite of fragrant flowers and often cultivated as an ornamental
           subtype:  calla_lily__callalily__calla__arum_lily__Zantedeschia_aethiopica  South African plant widely cultivated for its showy pure white spathe and yellow spadix
              subtype:  pink_calla__Zantedeschia_rehmanii  calla having a rose-colored spathe
              subtype:  golden_calla  any of several callas of the genus Zantedeschia having yellow spathes
           subtype:  sandwort  low-growing chiefly perennial plants usually with small white flowers suitable for e.g. rock gardens
              subtype:  mountain_sandwort__mountain_starwort__mountain_daisy__Arenaria_groenlandica  boreal or alpine sandwort
              subtype:  pine-barren_sandwort__longroot__Arenaria_caroliniana  deep-rooted perennial of southeastern United States
              subtype:  seabeach_sandwort__Arenaria_peploides  perennial succulent herb with small solitary axillary or terminal flowers
              subtype:  rock_sandwort__Arenaria_stricta  low perennial tufted plant of southeastern North America
              subtype:  thyme-leaved_sandwort__Arenaria_serpyllifolia  Eurasian annual sprawling plant naturalized throughout North America
           subtype:  garden_pink__pink  any of various flowers of plants of the genus Dianthus cultivated for their fragrant flowers
              subtype:  sweet_William__Dianthus_barbatus  Eurasian pink widely cultivated for its flat-topped dense clusters of varicolored flowers
              subtype:  clove_pink__clovepink__carnation__Dianthus_caryophyllus  Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors
              subtype:  china_pink__chinapink__rainbowpink__dianthuschinensi  Chinese pink with deeply toothed rose-lilac flowers with a purplish eye; usually raised as an annual
                 subtype:  Japanese_pink__Dianthus_chinensis_heddewigii  very free-flowering variety distinguished by jagged-edged petals
              subtype:  maiden_pink__Dianthus_deltoides  low-growing loosely mat-forming Eurasian pink with single crimson-eyed pale pink flowers
              subtype:  cheddar_pink__cheddarpink__Diangus_gratianopolitanus  mat-forming perennial of central Europe with large fragrant pink or red flowers
              subtype:  button_pink__Dianthus_latifolius  much-branched pink with flowers in clusters; closely related to sweet William
              subtype:  cottage_pink__cottagepink__grasspink__dianthusplumariu  European pink cultivated for its very fragrant pink or rosy flowers
              subtype:  fringed_pink__fringedpink__dianthussupurbu  Eurasian perennial pink having fragrant lilac or rose flowers with deeply fringed margins
           subtype:  baby's_breath__babies'-breath__babies'breath__Gypsophila_paniculata  tall plant with small lance-shaped leaves and numerous tiny white or pink flowers
           subtype:  lychnis__lychni__catchfly  mostly perennial herbs with sticky stems that catch insects; widespread in north temperate zone
              subtype:  ragged_robin__cuckoo_flower__Lychnis_flos-cuculi__Lychins_floscuculi  common perennial native to Europe and western Asia having usually pink flowers with ragged petals
              subtype:  scarlet_lychnis__scarletlychni__maltese_cross__maltesecros__Lychins_chalcedonica  Eurasian garden perennial having scarlet flowers in dense terminal heads
              subtype:  mullein_pink__mulleinpink__rose_campion__gardener's_delight__dusty_miller__dustymiller__lychniscoronaria  an old cottage garden plant of southeastern Europe widely cultivated for its attractive white woolly foliage and showy crimson flowers
           subtype:  Moehringia_lateriflora__sandwort  low-growing herb having clusters of small white-flowers 4-petaled flowers
           subtype:  Moehringia_mucosa__sandwort  loosely matted plant with mosslike foliage studded with tiny starry 4-petaled white blossoms; mountains of central and southern Europe
           subtype:  soapwort__hedge_pink__hedgepink__bouncing_Bet__bouncing_Bess__Saponaria_officinalis  plant of European origin having pink or white flowers and leaves yielding a detergent when bruised
           subtype:  silene__campion__catchfly  any plant of the genus Silene
              subtype:  moss_campion__Silene_acaulis  tuft- or mat-forming dwarf perennial of arctic regions of western and central Europe and North America
              subtype:  wild_pink__Silene_caroliniana  perennial of eastern and central North America having short-stalked pink or white flowers in hairy clusters
              subtype:  red_campion__red_bird's_eye__Silene_dioica__Lychnis_dioica  biennial European catchfly having red or pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis
              subtype:  white_campion__whitecampion__evening_lychnis__white_cockle__whitecockle__bladdercampion__Silene_latifolia__Lychnis_alba  bluish-green herb having sticky stems and clusters of large evening-opening white flowers with much-inflated calyx; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis
              subtype:  fire_pink__Silene_virginica  perennial herb of eastern North America, having red flowers with narrow notched petals
              subtype:  bladder_campion__Silene_uniflora__Silene_vulgaris  perennial of arctic Europe having large white flowers with inflated calyx
           subtype:  cowherb__cow_cockle__cowcockle__Vaccaria_hispanica__Vaccaria_pyramidata__Saponaria_vaccaria  European annual with pale rose-colored flowers; cultivated flower or self-sown grainfield weed; introduced in North America; sometimes classified as a soapwort
           subtype:  fig_marigold__figmarigold__pebbleplant  any of several South African plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum cultivated for showy pink or white flowers
              subtype:  ice_plant__iceplant__icicle_plant__Mesembryanthemum_crystallinum  Old World annual widely naturalized in warm regions having white flowers and fleshy foliage covered with hairs that resemble ice
           subtype:  globe_amaranth__globeamaranth__bachelor's_button__Gomphrena_globosa  tropical American herb having rose to red or purple flowers that can be dried without losing color
           subtype:  scarlet_musk_flower__Nyctaginia_capitata  viscid branched perennial of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having tuberous roots and deep red flowers
           subtype:  umbrellawort  a plant of the genus Mirabilis
           subtype:  four_o'clock  any of several plants of the genus Mirabilis having flowers that open in late afternoon
              subtype:  common_four-o'clock__marvel-of-Peru__Mirabilis_jalapa__Mirabilis_uniflora  common garden plant of North America having fragrant red or purple or yellow or white flowers that open in late afternoon
              subtype:  California_four_o'clock__Mirabilis_laevis__Mirabilis_californica  California four o'clock with purple-red flowers
              subtype:  sweet_four_o'clock__maravilla__Mirabilis_longiflora  leafy wildflower having fragrant slender white or pale pink trumpet-shaped flowers; southwestern United States and northern Mexico
              subtype:  desert_four_o'clock__Colorado_four_o'clock__maravilla__Mirabilis_multiflora  wildflower having vibrant deep pink tubular evening-blooming flowers; found in sandy and desert areas from southern California to southern Colorado and into Mexico
              subtype:  mountain_four_o'clock__Mirabilis_oblongifolia  leafy wildflower with lavender-pink flowers that open in the evening and remain through cool part of the next day; found in open woods or brush in mountains of southern Colorado to Arizona and into Mexico
           subtype:  portulaca  a plant of the genus Portulaca having pink or red or purple or white ephemeral flowers
              subtype:  rose_moss__sun_plant__sunplant__Portulaca_grandiflora  widely cultivated in many varieties for its fleshy mosslike foliage and profusion of brightly colored flowers
           subtype:  Carolina_spring_beauty__Claytonia_caroliniana  similar to Claytonia virginica but having usually pink flowers; eastern North America
           subtype:  spring_beauty__Clatonia_lanceolata  small slender plant having one pair of succulent leaves at the middle of the stem and a loose raceme of white or pink or rose bowl-shaped flowers and an edible corm
           subtype:  Virginia_spring_beauty__Claytonia_virginica  small cormous perennial grown for its low rosette of succulent foliage and racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; eastern North America
           subtype:  Cheiranthus_cheiri__wallflower__Erysimum_cheiri  perennial of southern Europe having clusters of fragrant flowers of all colors especially yellow and orange; often naturalized on old walls or cliffs; sometimes placed in genus Erysimum
           subtype:  prairie_rocket__prairierocket  any of several western American plants of the genus Cheiranthus having large yellow flowers
           subtype:  wallflower  any of numerous plants of the genus Erysimum having fragrant yellow or orange or brownish flowers
              subtype:  Siberian_wall_flower__Erysimum_allionii__Cheiranthus_allionii  showy erect biennial or short-lived perennial cultivated for its terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus
           subtype:  prairie_rocket.flower__prairierocket  any of several North American plants of the genus Erysimum having large yellow flowers
           subtype:  western_wall_flower__Erysimum_asperum__Cheiranthus_asperus__Erysimum_arkansanum  biennial or short-lived perennial prairie rocket having orange-yellow flowers; western North America to Minnesota and Kansas; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus
           subtype:  heliophila  any of various South African herbs and subshrubs cultivated for long showy racemes of bright blue flowers with white eyes
           subtype:  damask_violet__Dame's_violet__sweet_rocket__sweetrocket__Hesperis_matronalis  long-cultivated herb having flowers whose scent is more pronounced in the evening; naturalized throughout Europe to Siberia and into North America
           subtype:  candytuft  any of various flowering plants of the genus Iberis cultivated for their showy clusters of white to red or purple flowers; native to Mediterranean region
           subtype:  sweet_alyssum__sweetalyssum__sweet_alison__sweetalison__Lobularia_maritima  perennial European plant having clusters of small fragrant usually white flowers; widely grown in gardens
           subtype:  Malcolm_stock__stock  any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Malcolmia
           subtype:  Virginian_stock__Virginia_stock__Malcolmia_maritima  erect branching herb cultivated for its loose racemes of fragrant white or pink or red or lilac flowers; native to sands and sea cliffs of southwestern Greece and southern Albania
           subtype:  gillyflower  any of several Old World plants cultivated for their brightly colored flowers
              subtype:  brompton_stock__Matthiola_incana  European plant with racemes of sweet-scented flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental
           subtype:  schizopetalon__Schizopetalon_walkeri  a dainty South American annual having deeply pinnatifid leaves and racemes of fringed almond-scented purple-white flowers
           subtype:  poppy  annual or biennial or perennial herbs having showy flowers
              subtype:  Papaver_alpinum__Iceland_poppy  Old World alpine poppy with white or yellow to orange flowers
              subtype:  western_poppy__westernpoppy__Papaver_californicum  showy annual of California with red flowers
              subtype:  Papaver_argemone__prickly_poppy__pricklypoppy  annual Old World poppy with orange-red flowers and bristly fruit
              subtype:  Iceland_poppy__arctic_poppy__Papaver_nudicaule  subarctic perennial poppy of both hemispheres having fragrant white or yellow to orange or peach flowers
              subtype:  oriental_poppy__Papaver_orientale  commonly cultivated Asiatic perennial poppy having stiff heavily haired leaves and bright scarlet or pink to orange flowers
              subtype:  corn_poppy__field_poppy__Flanders_poppy__Papaver_rhoeas  annual European poppy common in grain fields and often cultivated
              subtype:  opium_poppy__Papaver_somniferum  southwestern Asian herb with grayish leaves and white or reddish flowers; source of opium
              subtype:  greater_celandine__greatercelandine__celandine__swallow_wort__swallowwort__chelidoniummaju  perennial herb with branched woody stock and bright yellow flowers
              subtype:  California_poppy__Eschscholtzia_californica  of Pacific coast of North America; widely cultivated for its yellow to red flowers
              subtype:  golden_cup__Mexican_tulip_poppy__Hunnemania_fumariifolia  native of Mexican highlands grown for its glossy clear yellow flowers and blue-gray finely dissected foliage
              subtype:  plume_poppy__plumepoppy__bocconia__Macleaya_cordata  herb of China and Japan widely cultivated for its plumelike panicles of creamy white flowers
              subtype:  blue_poppy__Meconopsis_betonicifolia  Chinese perennial having mauve-pink to bright sky blue flowers in drooping cymes
              subtype:  Welsh_poppy__Meconopsis_cambrica  widely cultivated west European plant with showy pale yellow flowers
              subtype:  creamcups__creamcup__Platystemon_californicus  California plant with small pale yellow flowers
              subtype:  wind_poppy__flaming_poppy__flamingpoppy__Stylomecon_heterophyllum__Papaver_heterophyllum  California wild poppy with bright red flowers
              subtype:  celandine_poppy__wood_poppy__Stylophorum_diphyllum  perennial here native to woodland of the eastern United States having yellow flowers
           subtype:  corydalis__corydali  a plant of the genus Corydalis with beautiful compound foliage and spurred tubular flowers
           subtype:  horn_poppy__horned_poppy__yellow_horned_poppy__sea_poppy__seapoppy__Glaucium_flavum  yellow-flowered Eurasian glaucous herb naturalized in along sandy shores in eastern North America
           subtype:  composite_plant__compositeplant__composite  considered the most highly evolved dicotyledonous plants, characterized by florets arranged in dense heads that resemble single flowers
              subtype:  compass_plant__compassplant__compass_flower__compassflower  any of several plants having leaves so arranged on the axis as to indicate the cardinal points of the compass
                 subtype:  prickly_lettuce__pricklylettuce__horse_thistle__horsethistle__Lactuca_serriola__Lactuca_scariola  European annual wild lettuce having prickly stems; a troublesome weed in parts of United States
                 subtype:  rosinweed__Silphium_laciniatum  North American perennial having a resinous odor and yellow flowers
                 subtype:  wyethia__Wyethia_ovata  low tufted white-woolly yellow-flowered herb of California
              subtype:  everlasting_flower__everlastingflower__everlasting  any of various plants of various genera of the family Compositae having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color
                 subtype:  pink-and-white_everlasting__pink_paper_daisy__Acroclinium_roseum  flower of southwestern Australia having bright pink daisylike papery flowers; grown for drying
                 subtype:  pearly_everlasting__cottonweed__Anaphalis_margaritacea  American everlasting having foliage with soft wooly hairs and corymbose heads with pearly white bracts
                 subtype:  cudweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Gnaphalium having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color
                    subtype:  chafeweed__wood_cudweed__Gnaphalium_sylvaticum  weedy perennial of north temperate regions having woolly foliage and dirty white flowers in a leafy spike
                 subtype:  golden_everlasting__strawflower__yellow_paper_daisy__Helichrysum_bracteatum  Australian plant naturalized in Spain having flowers of lemon yellow to deep gold; the choice everlasting of dried-flower lovers
                 subtype:  strawflower  any of various plants of the genus Helipterum
                 subtype:  cascade_everlasting__cascadeeverlasting__Ozothamnus_secundiflorus__Helichrysum_secundiflorum  shrub with white woolly branches and woolly leaves having fragrant flowers forming long sprays; flowers suitable for drying; sometimes placed in genus Helichrysum
                 subtype:  Swan_River_everlasting__rhodanthe__Rhodanthe_manglesii__Helipterum_manglesii  Australian annual everlasting having light pink nodding flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Helipterum
                 subtype:  immortelle__Xeranthemum_annuum  mostly widely cultivated species of everlasting flowers having usually purple flowers; southern Europe to Iran; naturalized elsewhere
              subtype:  stinking_mayweed__mayweed__dog_fennel__dogfennel__stinking_chamomile__Anthemis_cotula  widespread rank-smelling weed having white-rayed flower heads with yellow discs
              subtype:  yellow_chamomile__golden_marguerite__dyers'_chamomile__Anthemis_tinctoria  Eurasian perennial herb with hairy divided leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in North America
              subtype:  corn_chamomile__field_chamomile__corn_mayweed__Anthemis_arvensis  European white-flowered weed naturalized in North America
              subtype:  oxeye_daisy__Leucanthemum_maximum__Chrysanthemum_maximum  similar to oxeye daisy
              subtype:  shasta_daisy__Leucanthemum_superbum__Chrysanthemum_maximum_maximum  hybrid garden flower derived from Chrysanthemum maximum and Chrysanthemum lacustre having large white flower heads resembling oxeye daisies; often placed in the genus Chrysanthemum
              subtype:  Pyrenees_daisy__Leucanthemum_lacustre__Chrysanthemum_lacustre  perennial of Portugal similar to the oxeye daisy
              subtype:  dusty_miller__dustymiller__silverlace__Tanacetum_ptarmiciflorum__Chrysanthemum_ptarmiciflorum  shrubby perennial of the Canary Islands having white flowers and leaves and hairy stems covered with dustlike down; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
              subtype:  tansy__golden_buttons__scented_fern__scentedfern__tanacetumvulgare  common perennial aromatic herb native to Eurasia having buttonlike yellow flower heads and bitter-tasting pinnate leaves sometimes used medicinally
              subtype:  crownbeard__crown_beard__crownbeard  any plant of the genus Verbesina having clustered white or yellow flower heads
                 subtype:  wingstem__golden_ironweed__yellow_ironweed__golden_honey_plant__Verbesina_alternifolia__Actinomeris_alternifolia  perennial herb with showy yellow flowers; the eastern United States
                 subtype:  cowpen_daisy__golden_crownbeard__golden_crown_beard__butter_daisy__Verbesina_encelioides__Ximenesia_encelioides  coarse grayish green annual yellow-flowered herb; southwestern United States to Mexico
                 subtype:  gravelweed__Verbesina_helianthoides  perennial herb with yellow flowers; southern and south central United States
                 subtype:  Virginia_crownbeard__frostweed__verbesinavirginica  tall perennial herb having clusters of white flowers; the eastern United States
           subtype:  ageratum  any plant of the genus Ageratum having opposite leaves and small heads of blue or white flowers
              subtype:  common_ageratum__Ageratum_houstonianum  small tender herb grown for its fluffy brushlike blue to lavender blooms
           subtype:  Amberboa_moschata__sweet_sultan__sweetsultan__Centaurea_moschata  Asian plant widely grown for its sweetly fragrant pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Centaurea
           subtype:  ammobium  any plant of the genus Ammobium having yellow flowers and silvery foliage
              subtype:  winged_everlasting__Ammobium_alatum  Australian plant widely cultivated for its beautiful silvery-white blooms with bright yellow centers on long winged stems
           subtype:  African_daisy  any of several plants of the genus Arctotis having daisylike flowers
           subtype:  blue-eyed_African_daisy__Arctotis_stoechadifolia__Arctotis_venusta  bushy perennial of South Africa with white or violet flowers; in its native region often clothes entire valley sides in a sheet of color
           subtype:  aster  any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers
              subtype:  wood_aster  any of several asters of eastern North America usually growing in woods
                 subtype:  heart-leaved_aster__Aster_cordifolius  perennial wood aster of eastern North America
                 subtype:  white_wood_aster__Aster_divaricatus  rhizomatous perennial wood aster of eastern North America with white flowers
                 subtype:  large-leaved_aster__Aster_macrophyllus  tufted perennial wood aster of North America; naturalized in Europe
              subtype:  whorled_aster__whorledaster__Aster_acuminatus  North American perennial with apparently whorled leaves and showy white purple-tinged flowers
              subtype:  Aster_arenosus__heath_aster__heathaster  common North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small white flower heads
              subtype:  bushy_aster__bushyaster__Aster_dumosus  stiff perennial of the eastern United States having small linear leaves and numerous tiny white flower heads
              subtype:  heath_aster__heathaster__Aster_ericoides__asterericoide  common much-branched North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small starry white flowers
              subtype:  white_prairie_aster__whiteprairieaster__Aster_falcatus  perennial of western North America having white flowers
              subtype:  stiff_aster__stiffaster__Aster_linarifolius  wiry tufted perennial of the eastern United States with stiff erect rough stems, linear leaves and large violet flowers
              subtype:  goldilocks_aster__goldilocks__Aster_linosyris__asterlinosyri__Linosyris_vulgaris  early-flowering perennial of southern and southeastern Europe with flower heads resembling those of goldenrod
              subtype:  New_England_aster__Aster_novae-angliae  common perennial of eastern North America having showy purplish flowers; a parent of the Michaelmas daisy
              subtype:  Michaelmas_daisy__New_York_aster__Aster_novi-belgii  North American perennial herb having small autumn-blooming purple or pink or white flowers; widely naturalized in Europe
              subtype:  upland_white_aster__Aster_ptarmicoides  tufted rigid North American perennial with loose clusters of white flowers
              subtype:  Short's_aster__Aster_shortii  perennial of southeastern United States having usually blue flowers
              subtype:  sea_aster__seaaster__sea_starwort__seastarwort__astertripolium  a common European salt-marsh aster
              subtype:  prairie_aster__prairieaster__Aster_turbinellis  violet-flowered perennial aster of central United States having solitary heads
              subtype:  annual_salt-marsh_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  aromatic_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  arrow_leaved_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  azure_aster__azureaster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  bog_aster__bogaster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  crooked-stemmed_aster__crookedstemmedaster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  Eastern_silvery_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  flat-topped_white_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  late_purple_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  panicled_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  perennial_salt_marsh_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  purple-stemmed_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  rough-leaved_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  rush_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  Schreiber's_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  small_white_aster__smallwhiteaster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  smooth_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  southern_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  starved_aster__starvedaster__calico_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  tradescant's_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  wavy-leaved_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  Western_silvery_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  willow_aster  a variety of aster
           subtype:  daisy  any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl
              subtype:  common_daisy__English_daisy__Bellis_perennis  low-growing Eurasian plant with yellow central disc flowers and pinkish-white outer ray flowers
           subtype:  Swan_River_daisy__Brachycome_Iberidifolia  western Australian annual much cultivated for its flower heads with white or bluish to violet or variegated rays
           subtype:  calendula  any of numerous chiefly annual herbs of the genus Calendula widely cultivated for their yellow or orange flowers; often used for medicinal and culinary purposes
              subtype:  common_marigold__pot_marigold__potmarigold__ruddles__ruddle__Scotch_marigold__Calendula_officinalis  the common European annual marigold
           subtype:  China_aster__Callistephus_chinensis  valued for their beautiful flowers in a wide range of clear bright colors; grown primarily for cutting
           subtype:  catananche  any of several plants of the genus Catananche having long-stalked heads of blue or yellow flowers
              subtype:  blue_succory__cupid's_dart__cupid'sdart__Catananche_caerula  south European plant having dark-eyed flowers with flat blue rays
           subtype:  bachelor's_button__cornflower__bluebottle__Centaurea_cyanus  an annual Eurasian plant cultivated in North America having showy heads of blue or purple or pink or white flowers
           subtype:  sweet_sultan__sweetsultan__Centaurea_imperialis  perennial of mountains of Iran and Iraq; cultivated for its fragrant rose-pink flowers
           subtype:  chrysanthemum  any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum; Argyranthemum; Dendranthema; Tanacetum; widely cultivated
              subtype:  corn_marigold__field_marigold__fieldmarigold__Chrysanthemum_segetum  European herb with bright yellow flowers; a common weed in grain fields
              subtype:  crown_daisy__crowndaisy__Chrysanthemum_coronarium  shrubby annual of the Mediterranean region with yellowish-white flowers
              subtype:  tong_ho__chop-suey_greens__shun_giku__Chrysanthemum_coronarium_spatiosum  grown for its succulent edible leaves used in Oriental cooking
              subtype:  florist's_chrysanthemum__florist'schrysanthemum__florists'_chrysanthemum__florists'chrysanthemum__mum__Dendranthema_grandifloruom__Chrysanthemum_morifolium  of China
           subtype:  mistflower__ageratum__Conoclinium_coelestinum__Eupatorium_coelestinum  rhizomatous plant of central and southeastern United States and West Indies having large showy heads of clear blue flowers; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
           subtype:  cosmos  any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously colored flowers and pinnate leaves; popular fall-blooming annuals
           subtype:  brass_buttons__Cotula_coronopifolia  South African herb with golden-yellow globose flower heads; naturalized in moist areas along coast of California; cultivated as an ornamental
           subtype:  billy_buttons__billybutton  any of various plants of the genus Craspedia grown for their downy foliage and globose heads of golden flowers; Australia and New Zealand
           subtype:  dahlia__Dahlia_pinnata  any of several plants of or developed from the species Dahlia pinnata having tuberous roots and showy rayed variously colored flower heads; native to the mountains of Mexico and Central America and Colombia
           subtype:  cape_marigold__sun_marigold__sunmarigold__star_of_the_veldt  any of several South African plants grown for the profusion of usually yellow daisylike flowers and mounds of aromatic foliage
           subtype:  coneflower  any of various perennials of the eastern United States having thick rough leaves and long-stalked showy flowers with drooping rays and a conelike center
           subtype:  blue_daisy__blue_marguerite__Felicia_amelloides  hairy South African or Australian subshrub with blue-rayed daisylike flowers
           subtype:  kingfisher_daisy__Felicia_bergeriana  softly hairy South African herb having flowers with bright blue rays
           subtype:  cotton_rose__cudweed  any plant of the genus Filago having capitate clusters of small woolly flower heads
              subtype:  herba_impia__herbaimpia__Filago_germanica  (literally an undutiful herb) a variety of cotton rose
           subtype:  gazania  any plant of the genus Gazania valued for their showy daisy flowers
              subtype:  treasure_flower__Gazania_rigens  decumbent South African perennial with short densely leafy stems and orange flower rays with black eyespots at base
           subtype:  African_daisy.flower__africandaisy  African or Asiatic herbs with daisylike flowers
              subtype:  Barberton_daisy__Transvaal_daisy__Gerbera_jamesonii  widely cultivated South African perennial having flower heads with orange to flame-colored rays
           subtype:  sunflower__helianthus  any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays
              subtype:  swamp_sunflower__swampsunflower__Helianthus_angustifolius  sunflower of eastern North America having narrow leaves and found in bogs
              subtype:  common_sunflower__mirasol__helianthusannuu  annual sunflower grown for silage and for its seeds which are a source of oil; common throughout United States and much of North America
              subtype:  giant_sunflower__tall_sunflower__Indian_potato__Helianthus_giganteus  very tall American perennial of central and the eastern United States to Canada having edible tuberous roots
              subtype:  showy_sunflower__Helianthus_laetiflorus  tall rough-leaved perennial with a few large flower heads; central United States
              subtype:  Maximilian's_sunflower__Helianthus_maximilianii  tall perennial of central United States to Canada having golden-yellow flowers
              subtype:  prairie_sunflower__prairiesunflower__Helianthus_petiolaris  similar to the common sunflower with slender usually branching stems common in central United States
              subtype:  Jerusalem_artichoke_sunflower__Jerusalem_artichoke__girasol__helianthustuberosu  tall perennial with hairy stems and leaves; widely cultivated for its large irregular edible tubers
           subtype:  tidytips__tidy_tips__Layia_platyglossa  California annual having flower heads with yellow rays tipped with white
           subtype:  ox-eyed_daisy__oxeye_daisy__marguerite__moon_daisy__white_daisy__whitedaisy__Leucanthemum_vulgare__Chrysanthemum_leucanthemum  tall leafy-stemmed Eurasian perennial with white flowers; widely naturalized; often placed in genus Chrysanthemum
           subtype:  Texas_star__Lindheimera_texana  Texas annual with coarsely pinnatifid leaves; cultivated for its showy radiate yellow flower heads
           subtype:  yellow_ageratum__African_daisy__Lonas_inodora__Lonas_annua  shrub of southwestern Mediterranean region having yellow daisylike flowers
           subtype:  cineraria__Pericallis_cruenta__Senecio_cruentus  herb of Canary Islands widely cultivated for its blue or purple or red or variegated daisylike flowers
           subtype:  florest's_cineraria__florest'scineraria__Pericallis_hybrida  herb derived from Pericallis cruenta and widely cultivated in a variety of profusely flowering forms with florets from white to pink to red or purple or violet or blue; sometimes placed in genus Cineraria
           subtype:  coneflower.flower  any of various plants of the genus Rudbeckia cultivated for their large usually yellow daisies with prominent central cones
              subtype:  black-eyed_Susan__Rudbeckia_hirta__Rudbeckia_serotina  the state flower of Maryland; of central and southeastern United States; having daisylike flowers with dark centers and yellow to orange rays
              subtype:  cutleaved_coneflower__cutleavedconeflower__Rudbeckia_laciniata  tall leafy plant with erect branches ending in large yellow flower heads with downward-arching rays; grow in Rocky Mountains south to Arizona and east to the Atlantic coast
                 subtype:  golden_glow__double_gold__hortensia__Rudbeckia_laciniata_hortensia  very tall branching herb with showy much-doubled yellow flower heads
           subtype:  white-topped_aster  herb having corymbose white-rayed flowers with scaly bracts and silky indehiscent fruits
              subtype:  narrow-leaved_white-topped_aster  a variety of white-topped aster
           subtype:  stokes'_aster__stokes'aster__cornflower_aster__Stokesia_laevis  erect perennial of southeastern United States having large heads of usually blue flowers
           subtype:  marigold  any of various tropical American plants of the genus Tagetes widely cultivated for their showy yellow or orange flowers
              subtype:  African_marigold__big_marigold__bigmarigold__Aztec_marigold__Tagetes_erecta  a stout branching annual with large yellow to orange flower heads; Mexico and Central America
              subtype:  French_marigold__Tagetes_patula  strong-scented bushy annual with orange or yellow flower heads marked with red; Mexico and Guatemala
           subtype:  painted_daisy__painteddaisy__pyrethrum__Tanacetum_coccineum__Chrysanthemum_coccineum  spring-flowering garden perennial of Asiatic origin having finely divided aromatic leaves and white to pink-purple flowers; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
           subtype:  Mexican_sunflower__tithonia  any plant of the genus Tithonia; tall coarse herbs or shrubs of Mexico to Panama having large flower heads resembling sunflowers with yellow disc florets and golden-yellow to orange-scarlet rays
           subtype:  Easter_daisy__stemless_daisy__Townsendia_Exscapa  dwarf tufted nearly stemless herb having a rosette of woolly leaves and large white-rayed flower heads and bristly achenes; central Canada and United States west to Arizona
           subtype:  ursinia  any of various plants of the genus Ursinia grown for their yellow- or orange- or white-rayed flowers
           subtype:  xeranthemum  any plant of the genus Xeranthemum native to southern Europe having chaffy or silvery flower heads with purplish tubular flowers
           subtype:  zinnia__old_maid__oldmaid__old_maid_flower  any of various plants of the genus Zinnia cultivated for their variously and brightly colored flower heads
              subtype:  white_zinnia__whitezinnia__Zinnia_acerosa  subshrub with slender woolly stems and long narrow leaves and flower heads with white rays; southern United States and northern Mexico
              subtype:  little_golden_zinnia__Zinnia_grandiflora  subshrub having short leafy stems and numerous small flower heads with nearly round yellow-orange rays; Arizona south to Mexico and east to Kansas
           subtype:  Mentzelia_livicaulis__blazing_star__blazingstar__mentzelialaevicauli  biennial of southwestern United States having lustrous-white stems and toothed leaves grown for its large pale yellow flowers that open in early morning
           subtype:  bartonia__Mentzelia_lindleyi  annual grown especially for its fragrant golden nocturnal flowers
           subtype:  orchid__orchidaceous_plant  any of numerous plants of the orchid family usually having flowers of unusual shapes and beautiful colors
              subtype:  orchis  any of various deciduous terrestrial orchids having fleshy tubers and flowers in erect terminal racemes
                 subtype:  male_orchis__early_purple_orchid__Orchis_mascula  Eurasian orchid with showy pink or purple flowers in a loose spike
                 subtype:  Orchis_papilionaceae__butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid__butterflyorchi  Mediterranean orchid having usually purple flowers with a fan-shaped spotted or striped rose-red lip
                 subtype:  showy_orchis__purple_orchis__purple-hooded_orchis__Orchis_spectabilis  North American orchid having a spike of violet-purple flowers mixed with white; sepals and petals form a hood
              subtype:  aerides__aeride  any orchid of the genus Aerides
              subtype:  angrecum  any of various spectacular orchids of the genus Angraecum having 2-ranked dark green leathery leaves and usually nocturnally scented white or ivory flowers
              subtype:  jewel_orchid__jewelorchid  any of several delicate Asiatic orchids grown especially for their velvety leaves with metallic white or gold veining
              subtype:  puttyroot__adam-and-eve__Aplectrum_hyemale  North American orchid bearing a single leaf and yellowish-brown flowers
              subtype:  arethusa  any of several bog orchids of the genus Arethusa having 1 or 2 showy flowers
                 subtype:  bog_rose__bogrose__wild_pink__dragon's_mouth__Arethusa_bulbosa  a bog orchid with usually a solitary fragrant magenta pink blossom with a wide-gaping corolla; Canada
              subtype:  bletia  any of various orchids of the genus Bletia having pseudo-bulbs and erect leafless racemes of large purple or pink flowers
              subtype:  Bletilla_striata__Bletia_striata  Japanese orchid with white-striped leaves and slender erect racemes of rose to magenta flowers; often cultivated; sometimes placed in genus Bletia
              subtype:  brassavola  any of various tropical American orchids with usually solitary fleshy leaves and showy white to green nocturnally fragrant blossoms solitary or in racemes of up to 7
              subtype:  Brassia_lawrenceana__spider_orchid  South American orchid with spiderlike pale-yellow to pale-green flowers
              subtype:  Brassia_verrucosa__spider_orchid  Central American orchid having spiderlike flowers with prominent green warts
              subtype:  caladenia  any of various orchids of the genus Caladenia
                 subtype:  zebra_orchid__zebraorchid__Caladenia_cairnsiana  orchid with red-tinged linear leaves and panicle of purple-marked pale-yellow flowers with deep red or purple lip; southwestern Australia
              subtype:  calanthe  any of various showy orchids of the genus Calanthe having white or yellow or rose-colored flowers and broad leaves folded lengthwise
              subtype:  grass_pink__grasspink__calopogonpulchellum__Calopogon_tuberosum  an orchid
              subtype:  calypso__fairyslipper__Calypso_bulbosa  rare north temperate bog orchid bearing a solitary white to pink flower marked with purple at the tip of an erect reddish stalk above 1 basal leaf
              subtype:  jumping_orchid__jumpingorchid__Catasetum_macrocarpum  orchid having both male and female flowers in the same raceme; when a sensitive projection at the base of the column of the male flower is touched the pollen is suddenly ejected
              subtype:  cattleya  any orchid of the genus Cattleya characterized by a hood-shaped three-lobed lip enclosing the column; among the most popular and most extravagantly beautiful orchids known
              subtype:  helleborine  any of several orchids of the genus Cephalanthera
                 subtype:  red_helleborine__redhelleborine__Cephalanthera_rubra  orchid of Mediterranean and Asia having a lax spike of bright rose-pink flowers
              subtype:  spreading_pogonia__spreadingpogonia__funnel-crest_rosebud_orchid__Cleistes_divaricata__Pogonia_divaricata  orchid of northeastern United States with magenta-pink flowers having funnel-shaped lip; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia
              subtype:  rosebud_orchid__rosebudorchid__Cleistes_rosea__Pogonia_rosea  orchid of central and northern South America having 1- to 3-blossomed racemes of large showy rose-colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia
              subtype:  satyr_orchid__satyrorchid__Coeloglossum_bracteatum  orchid with broad ovate leaves and long-bracted green very irregular flowers
              subtype:  Coeloglossum_viride__frog_orchid  orchid having hooded long-bracted green to yellow-green flowers suffused with purple
              subtype:  coelogyne  any of various orchids of the genus Coelogyne with: clusters of fragrant lacy snow-white flowers; sinister salmon-pink solitary flowers; chainlike racemes of topaz and chocolate brown flowers; spikes of delicate white spice-scented flowers; emerald green flowers marked with blue-black
              subtype:  coral_root__coralroot  a wildflower of the genus Corallorhiza growing from a hard mass of rhizomes associated with a fungus that aids in absorbing nutrients from the forest floor
                 subtype:  spotted_coral_root__spottedcoralroot__Corallorhiza_maculata  common coral root having yellowish- or reddish- or purplish-brown leafless stems bearing loose racemes of similarly colored flowers with white purple-spotted lips; Guatemala to Canada
                 subtype:  striped_coral_root__stripedcoralroot__Corallorhiza_striata  nearly leafless wildflower with erect reddish-purple stems bearing racemes of pale pinkish and brownish-striped flowers; western Canada to Mexico
                 subtype:  early_coral_root__earlycoralroot__pale_coral_root__Corallorhiza_trifida  plant having clumps of nearly leafless pale yellowish to greenish stems bearing similarly colored flowers with white lower lips; northern New Mexico north through South Dakota and Washington to Alaska
              subtype:  helmetflower__helmet_orchid  any of several orchids of the genus Coryanthes having racemes of a few musky-scented waxy flowers with a helmet-shaped lip process
              subtype:  swan_orchid__swanflower__swanneck  any of several orchids of the genus Cycnoches having slender arching columns of flowers suggesting the neck of a swan
              subtype:  cymbid__cymbidium  any of various plants of the genus Cymbidium having narrow leaves and a long drooping cluster of numerous showy and variously colored boat-shaped flowers; extensively hybridized and cultivated as houseplants and important florists' flowers
              subtype:  cypripedia  a plant or flower of the genus Cypripedium
              subtype:  lady's_slipper__lady-slipper__ladies'_slipper__ladies'slipper__slipper_orchid__slipperorchid  any of several chiefly American wildflowers having an inflated pouchlike lip; difficult or impossible to cultivate in the garden
                 subtype:  moccasin_flower__nerveroot__Cypripedium_acaule  once common rose pink woodland orchid of eastern North America
                 subtype:  common_lady's-slipper__showy_lady's-slipper__showy_lady_slipper__Cypripedium_reginae__Cypripedium_album  pale pink wild orchid of northeastern America having an inflated pouchlike lip
                 subtype:  ram's-head_lady's_slipper__ram's-head__ram'shead__Cypripedium_arietinum  orchid of northern North America having a brownish-green flower and red-and-white lip suggestive of a ram's head
                 subtype:  yellow_lady's_slipper__yellow_lady-slipper__Cypripedium_calceolus__Cypripedium_parviflorum  maroon to purple-brown orchid with yellow lip; Europe, North America and Japan
                    subtype:  large_yellow_lady's_slipper__Cypripedium_calceolus_pubescens  plant of eastern and central North America having slightly fragrant purple-marked greenish-yellow flowers
                 subtype:  California_lady's_slipper__Cypripedium_californicum  often having many yellow-green orchids with white pouches growing along streams and seeps of southwestern Oregon and northern California
                 subtype:  clustered_lady's_slipper__Cypripedium_fasciculatum  clusters of several short stems each having 2 broad leaves and 2-4 drooping brownish to greenish flowers with pouches mottled with purple; British Columbia to central California and northern Colorado
                 subtype:  mountain_lady's_slipper__Cypripedium_montanum  leafy plant having a few stems in a clump with 1 white and dull purple flower in each upper leaf axil; Alaska to northern California and Wyoming
              subtype:  marsh_orchid__marshorchid  any of several orchids of the genus Dactylorhiza having fingerlike tuberous roots; Europe and Mediterranean region
              subtype:  common_spotted_orchid__Dactylorhiza_fuchsii__Dactylorhiza_maculata_fuchsii  European orchid having lanceolate leaves spotted purple and pink to white or mauve flowers spotted or lined deep red or purple
              subtype:  dendrobium  a plant of the genus Dendrobium having stems like cane and usually showy racemose flowers
              subtype:  disa  any orchid of the genus Disa; beautiful orchids with dark green leaves and usually hooded flowers; much prized as emblematic flowers in their native regions
              subtype:  phantom_orchid__phantomorchid__snow_orchid__Eburophyton_austinae  waxy white nearly leafless plant with stems in clusters and racemes of white flowers; northwestern United States to northern California and east to Idaho
              subtype:  tulip_orchid__tuliporchid__Encyclia_citrina__Cattleya_citrina  Mexican epiphytic orchid with glaucous gray-green leaves and lemon- to golden-yellow flowers appearing only partially opened; sometimes placed in genus Cattleya
              subtype:  Encyclia_tampensis__butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid__epidendrumtampense  orchid of Florida and the Bahamas having showy brightly colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Epidendrum
              subtype:  butterfly_orchis__butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid__epidendrumvenosum__Encyclia_venosa  Mexican epiphytic orchid having pale green or yellow-green flowers with white purple-veined lip
              subtype:  epidendron  any of various orchids of the genus Epidendrum
              subtype:  helleborine.orchid  any of various orchids of the genus Epipactis
                 subtype:  Epipactis_helleborine  European orchid with spikes of green and pinkish or purplish flowers
                 subtype:  stream_orchid__chatterbox__giant_helleborine__gianthelleborine__Epipactis_gigantea  orchid growing along streams or ponds of western North America having leafy stems and 1 greenish-brown and pinkish flower in the axil of each upper leaf
              subtype:  tongueflower  orchid having blue to purple flowers with tongue- or strap-shaped protuberances (calli) at the lip base
              subtype:  rattlesnake_plantain__rattlesnakeplantain__helleborine  any of several small temperate and tropical orchids having mottled or striped leaves and spikes of small yellowish-white flowers in a twisted raceme
              subtype:  fragrant_orchid__Gymnadenia_conopsea  European orchid having dense spikes of fragrant pink or lilac or red flowers with conspicuous spurs
              subtype:  short-spurred_fragrant_orchid__Gymnadenia_odoratissima  similar to Gymnadenia conopsea but with smaller flowers on shorter stems and having much shorter spurs
              subtype:  fringed_orchis__fringed_orchid__fringedorchid  any of several summer-flowering American orchids distinguished by a fringed or lacerated lip
                 subtype:  white_fringed_orchis__white_fringed_orchid__whitefringedorchid__Habenaria_albiflora  bog orchid of eastern North America with a spike of pure white fringed flowers
                 subtype:  Habenaria_fimbriata__purple-fringed_orchid__purple-fringed_orchis  North American orchid similar to Habenaria psycodes with larger paler flowers
                 subtype:  Hooker's_orchid__Habenaria_hookeri  a long-spurred orchid with base leaves and petals converging under the upper sepal
                 subtype:  ragged_orchid__ragged_orchis__ragged-fringed_orchid__green_fringed_orchis__Habenaria_lacera  fringed orchid of the eastern United States having a greenish flower with the lip deeply lacerate
                 subtype:  prairie_orchid__prairieorchid__prairiewhitefringedorchi__Habenaria_leucophaea  orchid of boggy or wet lands of north central United States having racemes of very fragrant creamy or greenish white flowers
                 subtype:  snowy_orchid__snowyorchid__Habenaria_nivea  slender fringed orchid of eastern North America having white flowers
                 subtype:  purple_fringeless_orchid__purple_fringeless_orchis__Habenaria_peramoena  orchid of northeastern and alpine eastern North America closely related to the purple fringed orchids but having rosy-purple or violet flowers with denticulate leaf divisions
                 subtype:  purple-fringed_orchid__purple-fringed_orchis__Habenaria_psycodes  North American orchid with clusters of fragrant purple fringed flowers
              subtype:  frog_orchid  any of several green orchids of the genus Habenaria
              subtype:  rein_orchid__rein_orchis  any of several American wildflowers with a kidney-shaped lip
                 subtype:  bog_rein_orchid__bog_candles__bogcandle__Habenaria_dilatata  orchid with spikes of many fragrant white flowers on erect leafy stems; of wet or boggy ground through most of the West and northern North America
                 subtype:  elegant_Habenaria__Habenaria_elegans  slender inland rein orchid similar to coastal rein orchid but with pale greenish-yellow flowers
                 subtype:  coastal_rein_orchid__Habenaria_greenei  stout orchid of central California to northern Washington having racemes of white fragrant bilaterally symmetrical flowers
                 subtype:  round-leaved_rein_orchid__Habenaria_orbiculata  orchid having a raceme of large greenish-white flowers on a single flower stalk growing between two elliptic or round basal leaves lying on the ground; from northern Oregon and Montana across Canada to the eastern United States
                 subtype:  Alaska_rein_orchid__Habenaria_unalascensis  similar to coastal rein orchid but with smaller flowers; Alaska to Baja California and east to the Dakotas and Colorado
              subtype:  crested_coral_root__crestedcoralroot__Hexalectris_spicata  orchid with yellowish-brown flowers with dark veins; southeastern Arizona to the eastern United States
              subtype:  Texas_purple_spike__Hexalectris_warnockii  orchid with slender nearly leafless reddish-brown stems with loose racemes of reddish-brown flowers; of open brushy woods of southeastern Arizona and central Texas
              subtype:  lizard_orchid__Himantoglossum_hircinum  an orchid of the genus Himantoglossum
              subtype:  laelia  any of various spectacular plants of the genus Laelia having showy flowers in many colors
              subtype:  liparis__lipari  an orchid of the genus Liparis having few leaves and usually fairly small yellow-green or dull purple flowers in terminal racemes
              subtype:  twayblade  an orchid of the genus Liparis having a pair of leaves
              subtype:  fen_orchid__fenorchid__fen_orchis__Liparis_loeselii  small terrestrial orchid of eastern North America and Europe having two nearly basal leaves and dull yellow-green racemose flowers
              subtype:  broad-leaved_twayblade__Listera_convallarioides  small orchid with two elliptic leaves and a slender raceme of small green flowers; western North America
              subtype:  lesser_twayblade__Listera_cordata  orchid having two triangular leaves and a short lax raceme of green to rust-colored flowers with the lip flushed mauve; Europe and Asia and North America and Greenland
              subtype:  Listera_ovata__twayblade  orchid having a pair of ovate leaves and a long slender raceme of green flowers sometimes tinged red-brown; Europe to central Asia
              subtype:  green_adder's_mouth__greenadder'smouth__Malaxis-unifolia__Malaxis_ophioglossoides  North American orchid having a solitary leaf and flowers with threadlike petals
              subtype:  masdevallia  any of numerous orchids of the genus Masdevallia; tufted evergreen often diminutive plants whose flowers in a remarkable range of colors usually resemble a tricorn with sepals fused at the base to form a tube
              subtype:  maxillaria  any of numerous orchids of the genus Maxillaria often cultivated for their large brilliantly colored solitary flowers
              subtype:  pansy_orchid__pansyorchid  any of various orchids of the genus Miltonia having solitary or loosely racemose showy broadly spreading flowers
              subtype:  odontoglossum  any of numerous and diverse orchids of the genus Odontoglossum having racemes of few to many showy usually large flowers in many colors
              subtype:  oncidium__dancing_lady_orchid__butterfly_plant__butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid  any orchid of the genus Oncidium: characterized by slender branching sprays of small yellow and brown flowers; often grown as houseplants
              subtype:  bee_orchid__beeorchid__ophrysapifera  European orchid whose flowers resemble bumble bees in shape and color
              subtype:  Ophrys_insectifera__fly_orchid__flyorchid__Ophrys_muscifera  European orchid whose flowers resemble flies
              subtype:  spider_orchid  any of several European orchids of the genus Ophrys
                 subtype:  early_spider_orchid__Ophrys_sphegodes  spring-blooming spider orchid having a flower with yellow or green or pink sepals and a broad brown velvety lip
              subtype:  Venus'_slipper__Venus's_slipper__Venus's_shoe  any of various orchids of the genus Paphiopedilum having slender flower stalks bearing 1 to several waxy flowers with pouchlike lips
              subtype:  phaius  an orchid of the genus Phaius having large plicate leaves and racemes of showy flowers
              subtype:  moth_orchid__moth_plant  any of various orchids of the genus Phalaenopsis having often drooping glossy broad obovate or oval leaves usually dark green flushed purple or mottled gray and silver
                 subtype:  butterfly_plant__Phalaenopsis_amabilis  orchid having large elliptic to obovate fleshy leaves and fragrant pink-and-white flowers dotted with red
              subtype:  rattlesnake_orchid__rattlesnakeorchid  any of various orchids of the genus Pholidota having numerous white to brown flowers in spiraling racemes clothed in slightly inflated bracts and resembling a rattlesnake's tail
              subtype:  lesser_butterfly_orchid__Platanthera_bifolia__Habenaria_bifolia  south European orchid having fragrant greenish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Habenaria
              subtype:  greater_butterfly_orchid__greaterbutterflyorchid__Platanthera_chlorantha__Habenaria_chlorantha  south European orchid with dark green flowers that are larger and less fragrant than Platanthera bifolia; sometimes placed in genus Habenaria
              subtype:  prairie_white-fringed_orchid__prairiewhitefringedorchid__Platanthera_leucophea  of central North America; a threatened species
              subtype:  tangle_orchid  an orchid of the genus Plectorrhiza having tangled roots and long wiry stems bearing lax racemes of small fragrant green flowers
              subtype:  Indian_crocus  any of several dwarf orchids of the genus Pleione bearing 1 or 2 solitary slender-stalked white or pink to magenta or occasionally yellow flowers
              subtype:  pleurothallis__pleurothalli  any of numerous small tufted orchids of the genus Pleurothallis having leathery to fleshy leaves and racemes of 1 to many small flowers
              subtype:  pogonia  any hardy bog orchid of the genus Pogonia: terrestrial orchids having slender rootstocks and erect stems bearing one or a few leaves and a solitary terminal flower
              subtype:  butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid  any orchid of the genus Psychopsis: spectacular large tiger-striped orchids
                 subtype:  Psychopsis_krameriana__Oncidium_papilio_kramerianum  orchid of South and Central America having flowers similar to but smaller than Psychopsis papilio; sometimes placed in genus Oncidium
                 subtype:  Psychopsis_papilio__Oncidium_papilio  orchid of South America and Trinidad having large yellow and reddish-brown flowers; sometimes placed in genus Oncidium
              subtype:  helmet_orchid__greenhood  any of numerous orchids of the genus Pterostylis having leaves in a basal rosette and green flowers often striped purple or brown or red with the dorsal sepal incurved to form a hood
              subtype:  foxtail_orchid__foxtailorchid  any of various orchids of the genus Rhyncostylis having pink- to purple-marked white flowers in a dense cylindrical raceme
              subtype:  orange-blossom_orchid__Sarcochilus_falcatus  diminutive Australian orchid with loose racemes of fragrant white flowers with purple and orange markings on the lip
              subtype:  sobralia  any of various showy orchids of the genus Sobralia having leafy stems and bright-colored solitary or racemose flowers similar to those of genus Cattleya
              subtype:  ladies'_tresses__ladies'tresse__lady's_tresses  an orchid of the genus Spiranthes having slender often twisted spikes of white flowers
                 subtype:  screw_augur__screwaugur__Spiranthes_cernua  an orchid of the genus Spiranthes having tall erect densely flowered spiraling clusters of creamy white vanilla-scented flowers; widely distributed especially in low damp places of eastern and central North America
                 subtype:  hooded_ladies'_tresses__Spiranthes_romanzoffiana  orchid having dense clusters of gently spiraling creamy white flowers with 2 upper petals forming a hood; western North America
                 subtype:  western_ladies'_tresses__Spiranthes_porrifolia  similar to Spiranthes romanzoffiana;States
                 subtype:  European_ladies'_tresses__Spiranthes_spiralis  European orchid having shorter racemes of strongly spiraling snow-white flowers
              subtype:  stanhopea  any of various orchids of the genus Stanhopea having a single large leaf and loose racemes of large fragrant flowers of various colors; Mexico to Brazil
              subtype:  stelis  any of various small tropical American orchids of the genus Stelis having long slender racemes of numerous small to minute flowers
              subtype:  fly_orchid__flyorchid  any of several dwarf creeping orchids with small bizarre insectlike hairy flowers on slender stalks
              subtype:  vanda  any of numerous showy orchids of the genus Vanda having many large flowers in loose racemes
                 subtype:  blue_orchid__Vanda_coerulea  famous orchid of northern India having large pale to deep lilac-blue flowers
              subtype:  vanilla.orchid  any of numerous climbing plants of the genus Vanilla having fleshy leaves and clusters of large waxy highly fragrant white or green or topaz flowers
                 subtype:  vanilla_orchid__vanillaorchid__Vanilla_planifolia  climbing non-ornamental orchid bearing a podlike fruit yielding vanilla beans; widely cultivated from Florida southward throughout tropical America
           subtype:  cyclamen__Cyclamen_purpurascens  Mediterranean plant widely cultivated as a houseplant for its showy dark green leaves splotched with silver and nodding white or pink to reddish flowers with reflexed petals
           subtype:  sowbread__Cyclamen_hederifolium__Cyclamen_neopolitanum  common wild European cyclamen with pink flowers
           subtype:  shortia  any plant of the genus Shortia; evergreen perennial herbs with smooth leathery basal leaves and showy white solitary flowers
              subtype:  oconee_bells__Shortia_galacifolia  plant of southeastern United States having solitary white funnel-shaped flowers flushed with pink and large glossy green leaves that turn bronze-red in fall
           subtype:  centaury.flower  any of various plants of the genus Centaurium
              subtype:  rosita__Centaurium_calycosum  erect plant with small clusters of pink trumpet-shaped flowers of southwestern United States
              subtype:  lesser_centaury__Centaurium_minus  common European glabrous annual centaury with flowers in dense cymes
              subtype:  tufted_centaury__Centaurium_scilloides  tufted perennial of western Europe and Azores having bright pink to white flowers
              subtype:  seaside_centaury__seasidecentaury  a variety of centaury found at the seaside
              subtype:  broad_leaved_centaury  a variety of centaury with broad leaves
              subtype:  slender_centaury__slendercentaury  a slender variety of centaury
           subtype:  gentian  any of various plants of the family Gentianaceae especially the genera Gentiana and Gentianella and Gentianopsis
              subtype:  gentianella__Gentiana_acaulis  low-growing alpine plant cultivated for its dark glossy green leaves in basal rosettes and showy solitary bell-shaped blue flowers
              subtype:  bottle_gentian__closed_gentian__blind_gentian__blindgentian__Gentiana_andrewsii  gentian of eastern North America having tubular blue or white flowers that open little if at all
              subtype:  explorer's_gentian__Gentiana_calycosa  tufted sometimes sprawling perennial with blue flowers spotted with green; western North America
              subtype:  closed_gentian__blind_gentian__blindgentian__Gentiana_clausa  similar to Gentiana andrewsii but with larger flowers
              subtype:  great_yellow_gentian__Gentiana_lutea  robust European perennial having clusters of yellow flowers
              subtype:  marsh_gentian__marshgentian__calathian_violet__calathianviolet__Gentiana_pneumonanthe  perennial Eurasian gentian with sky-blue funnel-shaped flowers of damp open heaths
              subtype:  soapwort_gentian__Gentiana_saponaria  erect perennial of wet woodlands of North America having leaves and flower buds resembling those of soapwort
              subtype:  striped_gentian__stripedgentian__Gentiana_villosa  a perennial marsh gentian of eastern North America
              subtype:  agueweed__ague_weed__five-flowered_gentian__stiff_gentian__stiffgentian__Gentianella_quinquefolia__Gentiana_quinquefolia  gentian of eastern North America having clusters of bristly blue flowers
              subtype:  felwort__gentianella_amarella__gentianellaamarella  gentian of Europe and China having creamy white flowers with fringed corollas
              subtype:  fringed_gentian__fringedgentian  any of various herbs of the genus Gentianopsis having the margins of the corolla lobes fringed; sometimes included in genus Gentiana
                 subtype:  Gentianopsis_crinita__Gentiana_crinita  tall widely distributed fringed gentian of eastern North America having violet-blue or white fringed flowers
                 subtype:  Gentianopsis_detonsa__Gentiana_detonsa  medium-tall fringed gentian with pale-glue to blue-purple flowers; circumboreal in distribution
                 subtype:  Gentianopsid_procera__Gentiana_procera  small blue-flowered fringed gentian of east central North America
                 subtype:  Gentianopsis_thermalis__Gentiana_thermalis  small blue-flowered fringed gentian of western United States (Rocky Mountains) especially around hot springs in Yellowstone National Park
                 subtype:  tufted_gentian__Gentianopsis_holopetala__Gentiana_holopetala  small blue-flowered fringed gentian of Sierra Nevada mountains
              subtype:  spurred_gentian  any of various plants of the genus Halenia having flowers with spurred lobes
           subtype:  begonia  any of numerous plants of the genus Begonia grown for their attractive glossy asymmetrical leaves and colorful flowers in usually terminal cymes or racemes
              subtype:  fibrous-rooted_begonia  any of numerous begonias having fibrous rather than tuberous or rhizomatous roots
              subtype:  tuberous_begonia  any of numerous begonias having large tuberous roots
                 subtype:  hybrid_tuberous_begonia__Begonia_tuberhybrida  any of numerous hybrid begonias having tuberous roots and variously colored flowers
              subtype:  rhizomatous_begonia__rhizomatousbegonia  any of numerous begonias having prominent shaggy creeping stems or rhizomes
              subtype:  Christmas_begonia__blooming-fool_begonia__Begonia_cheimantha  hybrid winter-blooming begonia grown for its many large pink flowers
              subtype:  angel-wing_begonia__Begonia_cocchinea  South American fibrous-rooted begonias having prominent basal leaf lobes suggesting angels' wings and racemes of coral-red flowers
              subtype:  grape-leaf_begonia__maple-leaf_begonia__Begonia_dregei  tuberous or semi-tuberous South African begonia having shallowly lobed ovate leaves and small white flowers
              subtype:  beefsteak_begonia__beefsteakbegonia__kidney_begonia__Begonia_erythrophylla__Begonia_feastii  rhizomatous begonia with roundish fleshy leaves reddish colored beneath
              subtype:  star_begonia__star-leaf_begonia__Begonia_heracleifolia  rhizomatous begonia having leaves with pointed lobes suggestive of stars and pink flowers
              subtype:  rex_begonia__rexbegonia__king_begonia__painted-leaf_begonia__beefsteak_geranium__beefsteakgeranium__Begonia_rex  any of numerous usually rhizomatous hybrid begonias derived from an East Indian plant having rough-textured leaves patterned in silver and bronze and purple and red-brown with inconspicuous flowers
              subtype:  wax_begonia__waxbegonia__Begonia_semperflorens  hybrid fibrous-rooted begonia having broad-ovate green to bronze- or black-red leaves and small clusters of white or pink or red flowers; widely used as a bedding plant
              subtype:  Socotra_begonia__Begonia_socotrana  semi-tuberous begonia having peltate leaves and rose-pink flowers; Yemen
           subtype:  wandflower__Sparaxis_tricolor  a showy often-cultivated plant with tawny yellow often purple-spotted flowers
           subtype:  coral_drops__coraldrop__Bessera_elegans  half-hardy Mexican herb cultivated for its drooping terminal umbels of showy red-and-white flowers
           subtype:  Christmas_bells  any of several plants of the genus Blandfordia having large orange or crimson flowers
           subtype:  bellwort__merry_bells__merrybell__wild_oats  any of various plants of the genus Uvularia having yellowish drooping bell-shaped flowers
              subtype:  cornflower__strawflower__Uvularia_grandiflora  plant of southern and southeastern United States grown for its yellow flowers that can be dried
           subtype:  tuberose__Polianthes_tuberosa  a tuberous Mexican herb having grasslike leaves and cultivated for its spikes of highly fragrant lilylike waxy white flowers
           subtype:  commelina  any plant of the genus Commelina
           subtype:  scabious__scabiosa  any of various plants of the genus Scabiosa
              subtype:  sweet_scabious__pincushion_flower__mournful_widow__Scabiosa_atropurpurea  Old World annual having fragrant purple to deep crimson flower heads; naturalized in United States
              subtype:  field_scabious__Scabiosa_arvensis  perennial having bluish-lilac flowers; introduced in the eastern United States
           subtype:  woodland_star__Lithophragma_affine__Lithophragma_affinis__Tellima_affinis  California perennial herb cultivated for its racemose white flowers with widely spreading petals; sometimes placed in genus Tellima
           subtype:  achimenes__achimene__hot_water_plant__hotwaterplant  any plant of the genus Achimenes having showy bell-shaped flowers that resemble gloxinias
           subtype:  lace-flower_vine__Alsobia_dianthiflora__Episcia_dianthiflora  low-growing creeping perennial of Central America having deeply fringed white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Episcia
           subtype:  African_violet__Saintpaulia_ionantha  tropical African plant cultivated as a houseplant for its violet or white or pink flowers
           subtype:  streptocarpus__streptocarpu  any of various plants of the genus Streptocarpus having leaves in a basal rosette and flowers like primroses
              subtype:  Cape_primrose  any of various African plants of the genus Streptocarpus widely cultivated especially as houseplants for their showy blue or purple flowers
           subtype:  scorpionweed__scorpion_weed__phacelia  any plant of the genus Phacelia
              subtype:  Phacelia_campanularia__California_bluebell  annual of southern California with intricately branched stems and lax cymes of aromatic deep blue bell-shaped flowers
              subtype:  California_bluebell__whitlavia__Phacelia_minor__Phacelia_whitlavia  desert plant of southern California with blue or violet tubular flowers in terminal racemes
              subtype:  fiddleneck__Phacelia_tanacetifolia  hairy annual of California to Mexico with crowded cymes of small blue to lilac or mauve flowers
           subtype:  snapdragon  a garden plant of the genus Antirrhinum having showy white or yellow or crimson flowers resembling the face of a dragon
              subtype:  white_snapdragon__whitesnapdragon__Antirrhinum_coulterianum  California plant with slender racemes of white flowers
              subtype:  yellow_twining_snapdragon__Antirrhinum_filipes  southwestern United States plant with yellow flowers on stems that twist and twine through other vegetation
              subtype:  Mediterranean_snapdragon__Antirrhinum_majus  perennial native to the Mediterranean but widely cultivated for its purple or pink flowers
           subtype:  calceolaria__slipperwort  any garden plant of the genus Calceolaria having flowers with large inflated slipper-shaped lower lip
           subtype:  gerardia  any plant of the genus Gerardia
           subtype:  toadflax__butter-and-eggs__wild_snapdragon__devil's_flax__devil'sflax__Linaria_vulgaris  common European perennial having showy yellow and orange flowers; a naturalized weed in North America
              subtype:  blue_toadflax__old-field_toadflax__oldfieldtoadflax__Linaria_canadensis  North American plant having racemes of blue-violet flowers
           subtype:  veronica__speedwell  any plant of the genus Veronica
              subtype:  field_speedwell__fieldspeedwell__Veronica_agrestis  European plant with minute axillary blue flowers on long stalks; widely naturalized in America
              subtype:  corn_speedwell__Veronica_arvensis  erect or procumbent blue-flowered annual found in waste places of Europe and America
              subtype:  germander_speedwell__bird's_eye__Veronica_chamaedrys  Old World plant with axillary racemes of blue-and-white flowers
              subtype:  common_speedwell__gypsyweed__veronicaofficinali  common hairy European perennial with pale blue or lilac flowers in axillary racemes
              subtype:  purslane_speedwell__Veronica_peregrina  North American annual with small white flowers widely naturalized as a weed in South America and Europe
              subtype:  thyme-leaved_speedwell__Veronica_serpyllifolia  perennial decumbent herb having small opposite leaves and racemes of blue flowers; throughout Eurasia and the New World
           subtype:  bush_violet__browallia  any of several herbs of the genus Browallia cultivated for their blue or violet or white flowers
           subtype:  petunia  any of numerous tropical herbs having fluted funnel-shaped flowers
              subtype:  large_white_petunia__largewhitepetunia__Petunia_axillaris  annual herb having large nocturnally fragrant buff-white flowers
              subtype:  violet-flowered_petunia__Petunia_integrifolia  herb or small shrublet having solitary violet to rose-red flowers
              subtype:  hybrid_petunia__Petunia_hybrida  hybrids of Petunia axillaris and Petunia integrifolia: a complex group of petunias having single or double flowers in colors from white to purple
           subtype:  butterfly_flower__butterflyflower__poor_man's_orchid__schizanthus__schizanthu  any plant of the genus Schizanthus having finely divided leaves and showy variegated flowers
           subtype:  verbena__vervain  any of numerous tropical or subtropical American plants of the genus Verbena grown for their showy spikes of variously colored flowers
           subtype:  valerian  a plant of the genus Valeriana having lobed or dissected leaves and cymose white or ink flowers
              subtype:  common_valerian__garden_heliotrope__Valeriana_officinalis  tall rhizomatous plant having very fragrant flowers and rhizomes used medicinally
           subtype:  red_valerian__redvalerian__French_honeysuckle__Centranthus_ruber  European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers
        subtype:  wildflower__wild_flower  wild or uncultivated flowering plant
           subtype:  sagebrush_buttercup__sagebrushbuttercup__Ranunculus_glaberrimus  small early-flowering buttercup with shiny yellow flowers of western North America
           subtype:  pasqueflower__pasque_flower  any plant of the genus Pulsatilla; sometimes included in genus Anemone
              subtype:  American_pasqueflower__Eastern_pasque_flower__wild_crocus__lion's_beard__prairie_anemone__prairieanemone__blue_tulip__American_pulsatilla__Pulsatilla_patens__Anemone_ludoviciana  short hairy perennial with early spring blue-violet or lilac flowers; North America and Siberia
              subtype:  Western_pasqueflower__Pulsatilla_occidentalis__Anemone_occidentalis  of western North America
              subtype:  European_pasqueflower__Pulsatilla_vulgaris__Anemone_pulsatilla  European perennial having usually violet or white spring flowers
           subtype:  meadow_rue  any of various herbs of the genus Thalictrum; sometimes rhizomatous or tuberous perennials found in damp shady places and meadows or stream banks; have lacy foliage and clouds of small purple or yellow flowers
           subtype:  sand_verbena  any of various plants of the genus Abronia of western North America and Mexico having flowers resembling verbena
              subtype:  sweet_sand_verbena__snowball__Abronia_elliptica  plant having heads of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers; grows in sandy arid regions
              subtype:  Abronia_fragrans__sweet_sand_verbena  taller than Abronia elliptica and having night-blooming flowers
              subtype:  yellow_sand_verbena__Abronia_latifolia  plant having hemispherical heads of yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to British Columbia
              subtype:  beach_pancake__beachpancake__Abronia_maritima  plant having hemispherical heads of wine-red flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to Mexico
              subtype:  beach_sand_verbena__pink_sand_verbena__Abronia_umbellata  prostrate herb having heads of deep pink to white flowers; found in coastal dunes from British Columbia to Baja California
              subtype:  desert_sand_verbena__Abronia_villosa  soft-haired sticky plant with heads of bright pink trumpet-shaped flowers; found in sandy desert soil; after ample rains may carpet miles of desert with pink from the southwestern United States to northern Mexico
           subtype:  trailing_four_o'clock__trailing_windmills__Allionia_incarnata  trailing plant having crowded clusters of 3 brilliant deep pink flowers resembling a single flower blooming near the ground; found in dry gravelly or sandy soil; southwestern United States and Mexico
           subtype:  red_maids__redmaid__redmaid__calandriniaciliata  succulent carpet-forming plant having small brilliant reddish-pink flowers; southwestern United States
           subtype:  siskiyou_lewisia__Lewisia_cotyledon  evergreen perennial having a dense basal rosette of long spatula-shaped leaves and panicles of pink or white-and-red-striped or pink-purple flowers; found on cliffs and in rock crevices in mountains of southwestern Oregon and northern California
           subtype:  bitterroot__Lewisia_rediviva  showy succulent ground-hugging plant of Rocky Mountains regions having deep to pale pink flowers and fleshy farinaceous roots; the Montana state flower
           subtype:  pussy-paw__pussypaw__pussy-paws__pussy's-paw__pussy'spaw__Spraguea_umbellatum__Calyptridium_umbellatum  pink clusters of densely packed flowers on prostrate stems resemble upturned pads of cats' feet; grow in coniferous forests of western North America
           subtype:  flame_flower__flameflower__talinumaurantiacum  plant with fleshy roots and erect stems with narrow succulent leaves and one reddish-orange flower in each upper leaf axil; southwestern United States; Indians once cooked the fleshy roots
              subtype:  narrow-leaved_flame_flower__Talinum_augustissimum  similar to Talinum aurantiacum but with narrower leaves and yellow-orange flowers; southwestern United States
              subtype:  pigmy_talinum__pigmytalinum__Talinum_brevifolium  low plant with crowded narrow succulent leaves and fairly large deep pink axillary flowers that seem to sit on the ground; southwestern United States
              subtype:  rock_pink__Talinum_calycinum  pink-flowered perennial of rocky regions of western United States
              subtype:  jewels-of-opar__Talinum_paniculatum  erect plant with tuberous roots and terminal panicles of red to yellow flowers; southwestern North America to Central America; widely introduced elsewhere
              subtype:  spiny_talinum__spinytalinum__Talinum_spinescens  low cushion-forming plant with rose to crimson-magenta flowers and leaf midribs that persist as spines when the leaves die; southwestern United States
           subtype:  woolly_daisy__dwarf_daisy__dwarfdaisy__Antheropeas_wallacei__Eriophyllum_wallacei  tiny gray woolly tufted annual with small golden-yellow flower heads; southeastern California to northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah; sometimes placed in genus Eriophyllum
           subtype:  heartleaf_arnica__heartleafarnica__Arnica_cordifolia  wildflower with heart-shaped leaves and broad yellow flower heads; of alpine areas west of the Rockies from Alaska to southern California
           subtype:  Arnica_montana  herb of pasture and open woodland throughout most of Europe and western Asia having orange-yellow daisylike flower heads that when dried are used as a stimulant and to treat bruises and swellings
           subtype:  false_chamomile__falsechamomile  any of various autumn-flowering perennials having white or pink to purple flowers that resemble asters; wild in moist soils from New Jersey to Florida and Texas
           subtype:  oxeye.wildflower  Eurasian perennial herbs having daisylike flowers with yellow rays and dark centers
              subtype:  woodland_oxeye__Buphthalmum_salicifolium  hairy Eurasian perennial having deep yellow daisies on lax willowy stems; found in the wild in open woodland and on rocky slopes
           subtype:  golden_aster  any of several shrubby herbs or subshrubs of the genus Chrysopsis having bright golden-yellow flower heads that resemble asters; throughout much of United States and into Canada
              subtype:  Maryland_golden_aster__Chrysopsis_mariana  perennial golden aster of southeastern United States
              subtype:  grass-leaved_golden_aster  a variety of golden aster
              subtype:  sickleweed_golden_aster  a variety of golden aster
           subtype:  hawk's-beard__hawk's-beards  any of various plants of the genus Crepis having loose heads of yellow flowers on top of a long branched leafy stem; northern hemisphere
           subtype:  brittlebush__brittle_bush__brittlebush__incienso__Encelia_farinosa  fragrant rounded shrub of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico having brittle stems and small crowded blue-green leaves and yellow flowers; produces a resin used in incense and varnish and in folk medicine
           subtype:  sunray__Enceliopsis_nudicaulis  herb having a basal cluster of gray-green leaves and leafless stalks each with a solitary broad yellow flower head; desert areas Idaho to Arizona
           subtype:  engelmannia  common erect hairy perennial of plains and prairies of southern and central United States having flowers that resemble sunflowers
           subtype:  fleabane  any of several North American plants of the genus Erigeron having daisylike flowers; formerly believed to repel fleas
              subtype:  blue_fleabane__Erigeron_acer  widespread weed with pale purple-blue flowers
              subtype:  daisy_fleabane__daisyfleabane__Erigeron_annuus  widely naturalized white-flowered North American herb
              subtype:  orange_daisy__orange_fleabane__Erigeron_aurantiacus  mat-forming herb of Turkestan with nearly double orange-yellow flowers
              subtype:  spreading_fleabane__spreadingfleabane__Erigeron_divergens  well-branched plant with hairy leaves and stems each with a solitary flower head with narrow white or pink or lavender rays; western North America
              subtype:  seaside_daisy__seasidedaisy__beach_aster__beachaster__Erigeron_glaucous  slightly succulent perennial with basal leaves and hairy sticky stems each bearing a solitary flower head with narrow pink or lavender rays; coastal bluffs Oregon to southern California
              subtype:  Philadelphia_fleabane__Erigeron_philadelphicus  especially pretty plant having a delicate fringe of threadlike rays around flower heads having very slender white or pink rays; United States and Canada
              subtype:  robin's_plantain__robin'splantain__Erigeron_pulchellus  common perennial of eastern North America having flowers with usually violet-purple rays
              subtype:  showy_daisy__showydaisy__Erigeron_speciosus  plant having branching leafy stems each branch with an especially showy solitary flower head with many narrow pink or lavender or white rays; northwestern United States mountains
           subtype:  woolly_sunflower  any plant of the genus Eriophyllum
              subtype:  golden_yarrow__Eriophyllum_lanatum  grayish woolly leafy perennial with branched stems ending in leafless stalks bearing golden-yellow flower heads; dry areas western North America
           subtype:  gaillardia  any plant of western America of the genus Gaillardia having hairy leaves and long-stalked flowers in hot vibrant colors from golden yellow and copper to rich burgundy
              subtype:  blanket_flower__blanketflower__Indian_blanket__firewheel__gaillardiapulchella  annual of central United States having showy long-stalked yellow flower heads marked with scarlet or purple in the center
           subtype:  desert_sunflower__Gerea_canescens  slender hairy plant with few leaves and golden-yellow flower heads; sandy desert areas of southeastern California to southwestern Utah and western Arizona and northwestern Mexico
           subtype:  goldenbush.wildflower  a plant of the genus Haplopappus
              subtype:  camphor_daisy__camphordaisy__Haplopappus_phyllocephalus  annual of southern United States and Mexico having bristly leaves and pale yellow flowers
              subtype:  yellow_spiny_daisy__Haplopappus_spinulosus  slender perennial of western North America having weakly bristly leaves and yellow flower heads
           subtype:  heliopsis__heliopsi__oxeye  any North American shrubby perennial herb of the genus Heliopsis having large yellow daisylike flowers
           subtype:  hairy_golden_aster__prairie_golden_aster__Heterotheca_villosa__Chrysopsis_villosa  hairy perennial with yellow flower heads in branched clusters; found almost everywhere in dry places from Canada to west central and western United States; sometimes placed in genus Chrysopsis
           subtype:  alpine_gold__alpine_hulsea__Hulsea_algida  low tufted plant having hairy stems each topped by a flower head with short narrow yellow rays; northwestern United States
           subtype:  dwarf_hulsea__dwarfhulsea__Hulsea_nana  similar to but smaller than alpine hulsea
           subtype:  goldfields__Lasthenia_chrysostoma  small slender woolly annual with very narrow opposite leaves and branches bearing solitary golden-yellow flower heads; southwestern Oregon to Baja California and Arizona; often cultivated
           subtype:  hawkbit  any of various common wildflowers of the genus Leontodon; of temperate Eurasia to Mediterranean regions
              subtype:  fall_dandelion__arnica_bud__Leontodon_autumnalis  fall-blooming European herb with a yellow flower; naturalized in the United States
           subtype:  edelweiss__edelweis__leontopodiumalpinum  alpine perennial plant native to Europe having leaves covered with whitish down and small flower heads held in stars of glistening whitish bracts
           subtype:  north_island_edelweiss__Leucogenes_leontopodium  perennial herb closely resembling European edelweiss; New Zealand
           subtype:  blazing_star__blazingstar__buttonsnakeroot__snakeroot  any of various North American plants of the genus Liatris having racemes or panicles of small discoid flower heads
              subtype:  dotted_gayfeather__Liatris_punctata  herb with many stems bearing narrow slender wands of crowded rose-lavender flowers; central United States and Canada to Texas and northern Mexico
              subtype:  dense_blazing_star__denseblazingstar__Liatris_pycnostachya  perennial of southeastern and central United States having very dense spikes of purple flowers; often cultivated for cut flowers
           subtype:  tahoka_daisy__tansy_leaf_aster__Machaeranthera_tanacetifolia  wild aster with fernlike leaves and flower heads with very narrow bright purple rays; Alberta to Texas and Mexico
           subtype:  sticky_aster__Machaeranthera_bigelovii  wild aster having leafy stems and flower heads with narrow bright reddish-lavender or purple rays; western Colorado to Arizona
           subtype:  Mojave_aster__Machaeranthera_tortifoloia  wild aster having grayish leafy stems and flower heads with narrow pale lavender or violet rayes; of rocky desert slopes California to Arizona and Utah
           subtype:  common_madia__common_tarweed__Madia_elegans  California annual having red-brown spots near the base of its yellow flower rays
           subtype:  blackfoot_daisy__Melampodium_leucanthum  bushy subshrub having flower heads that resemble asters with broad white rays; found in desert areas of Arizona east to Kansas and south to Mexico
           subtype:  Mexican_hat__Ratibida_columnaris  coneflower with flower heads resembling a Mexican hat with a tall red-brown disk and drooping yellow or yellow and red-brown rays; great plains along base of Rocky Mountains
           subtype:  long-head_coneflower__prairie_coneflower__prairieconeflower__Ratibida_columnifera  plant similar to the Mexican hat coneflower; from British Columbia to New Mexico
           subtype:  prairie_coneflower__prairieconeflower__Ratibida_tagetes  coneflower of central to southwestern United States
           subtype:  nodding_groundsel__noddinggroundsel__Senecio_bigelovii  plant with erect leafy stems bearing clusters of rayless yellow flower heads on bent individual stalks; moist regions of southwestern United States
           subtype:  ragwort__butterweed__Senecio_glabellus  American ragwort with yellow flowers
           subtype:  arrowleaf_groundsel__arrowleafgroundsel__Senecio_triangularis  perennial with sharply toothed triangular leaves on leafy stems bearing a cluster of yellow flower heads; moist places in mountains of western North America
           subtype:  goldenrod  any of numerous chiefly summer-blooming and fall-blooming North American plants especially of the genus Solidago
              subtype:  silverrod__solidagobicolor  plant of eastern North America having creamy white flowers
              subtype:  meadow_goldenrod__Canadian_goldenrod__Solidago_canadensis  large North American goldenrod having showy clusters of yellow flowers on arching branches; often a weed
              subtype:  Missouri_goldenrod__Solidago_missouriensis  similar to meadow goldenrod but usually smaller
              subtype:  alpine_goldenrod__Solidago_multiradiata  goldenrod similar to narrow goldenrod but having bristly hairs on edges of leaf stalks; mountainous regions of western America
              subtype:  gray_goldenrod__Solidago_nemoralis  a dyer's weed of Canada and the eastern United States having yellow flowers sometimes used in dyeing
              subtype:  Blue_Mountain_tea__sweet_goldenrod__sweetgoldenrod__Solidago_odora  goldenrod of eastern America (especially Blue Mountains of Pennsylvania) having aromatic leaves from which a medicinal tea is made
              subtype:  dyer's_weed__Solidago_rugosa  eastern North American herb whose yellow flowers are (or were) used in dyeing
              subtype:  seaside_goldenrod__seasidegoldenrod__beach_goldenrod__beachgoldenrod__Solidago_sempervirens  vigorous showy goldenrod common along eastern and Gulf coasts of North America
              subtype:  narrow_goldenrod__Solidago_spathulata  western American goldenrod with long narrow clusters of small yellow flowers
              subtype:  Boott's_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
              subtype:  Elliott's_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
              subtype:  Ohio_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
              subtype:  rough-stemmed_goldenrod__roughstemmedgoldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
              subtype:  showy_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
              subtype:  tall_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
              subtype:  zigzag_goldenrod__broad_leaved_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
           subtype:  stemless_golden_weed__Stenotus_acaulis__Haplopappus_acaulis  dark green erect herb of northwestern United States and southwestern Canada having stiff leaves in dense tufts and yellow flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Haplopappus
           subtype:  northern_dune_tansy__Tanacetum_douglasii  lightly hairy rhizomatous perennial having aromatic feathery leaves and stems bearing open clusters of small buttonlike yellow flowers; sand dunes of Pacific coast of North America
           subtype:  stemless_hymenoxys__Tetraneuris_acaulis__Hymenoxys_acaulis  perennial having tufted basal leaves and short leafless stalks each bearing a solitary yellow flower head; dry hillsides and plains of west central North America
           subtype:  old_man_of_the_mountain__alpine_sunflower__Tetraneuris_grandiflora__Hymenoxys_grandiflora  whitish hairy plant with featherlike leaves and a few stout stems each bearing an especially handsome solitary large yellow flower head; mountainous regions north central United States
           subtype:  yellow_salsify__Tragopogon_dubius  European perennial naturalized throughout United States having hollow stems with a few long narrow tapered leaves and each bearing a solitary pale yellow flower
           subtype:  meadow_salsify__goatsbeard__shepherd's_clock__Tragopogon_pratensis  weedy European annual with yellow flowers; naturalized in United States
           subtype:  mule's_ears__Wyethia_amplexicaulis  balsamic-resinous herb with clumps of lanceolate leaves and stout leafy stems ending in large deep yellow flowers on long stalks; northwestern United States
           subtype:  white-rayed_mule's_ears__Wyethia_helianthoides  herb with basal leaves and leafy hairy stems bearing solitary flower heads with white or pale cream rays; northwestern United States
           subtype:  Indian_pipe__waxflower__Monotropa_uniflora  small waxy white or pinkish-white saprophytic woodland plant having scalelike leaves and a nodding flower; turns black with age
           subtype:  pinesap__false_beachdrops__Monotropa_hypopithys  fleshy tawny or reddish saprophytic herb resembling the Indian pipe and growing in woodland humus of eastern North America; in some classifications placed in a separate genus Hypopitys
           subtype:  snow_plant__Sarcodes_sanguinea  a fleshy bright red saprophytic plant of the mountains of western North America that appears in early spring while snow is on the ground
           subtype:  prairie_gentian__prairiegentian__tulip_gentian__tulipgentian__bluebell__Eustoma_grandiflorum  one of the most handsome prairie wildflowers laving large erect bell-shaped bluish flowers; of moist places in prairies and fields from eastern Colorado and Nebraska south to New Mexico and Texas
           subtype:  coast_boykinia__coastboykinia__Boykinia_elata__Boykinia_occidentalis  plant with leaves mostly at the base and openly branched clusters of small white flowers; western North America
           subtype:  leatherleaf_saxifrage__leatherleafsaxifrage__Leptarrhena_pyrolifolia  plant with basal leathery elliptic leaves and erect leafless flower stalks each bearing a dense roundish cluster of tiny white flowers; moist places of northwestern North America to Oregon and Idaho
           subtype:  prairie_star__prairiestar__Lithophragma_parviflorum  plant with mostly basal leaves and slender open racemes of white or pale pink flowers; prairies and open forest of northwestern United States to British Columbia and Alberta
           subtype:  fringed_grass_of_Parnassus__Parnassia_fimbriata  bog plant with broadly heart-shaped basal leaves and cream or white saucer-shaped flowers with fringed petals; west of Rocky Mountains from Alaska to New Mexico
           subtype:  false_alumroot__falsealumroot__fringecup__Tellima_grandiflora  plant growing in clumps with mostly basal leaves and cream or pale pink fringed flowers in several long racemes; Alaska to coastal central California and east to Idaho
           subtype:  false_miterwort__falsemiterwort__false_mitrewort__falsemitrewort__Tiarella_unifoliata  plant with tiny white flowers hanging in loose clusters on leafy stems; moist woods from Alaska to central California and east to Montana
           subtype:  kitten-tails  a plant of the genus Besseya having fluffy spikes of flowers
              subtype:  Alpine_besseya__Besseya_alpina  small pale plant with dense spikes of pale bluish-violet flowers; of high cold meadows from Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico
           subtype:  Indian_paintbrush__painted_cup  any of various plants of the genus Castilleja having dense spikes of hooded flowers with brightly colored bracts
              subtype:  desert_paintbrush__Castilleja_chromosa  most common paintbrush of western United States dry lands; having erect stems ending in dense spikes of bright orange to red flowers
              subtype:  giant_red_paintbrush__giantredpaintbrush__Castilleja_miniata  wildflower of western North America having ragged clusters of crimson or scarlet flowers
              subtype:  great_plains_paintbrush__Castilleja_sessiliflora  hairy plant with pinkish flowers; Great Plains to northern Mexico
              subtype:  sulfur_paintbrush__Castilleja_sulphurea  plant of moist highland meadows having ragged clusters of pale yellow flowers
           subtype:  purple_chinese_houses__innocense__Collinsia_bicolor__Collinsia_heterophylla  white and lavender to pale-blue flowers grow in perfect rings of widely spaced bands around the stems forming a kind of pagoda; California
           subtype:  maiden_blue-eyed_Mary__Collinsia_parviflora  small widely branching Western plant with tiny blue-and-white flowers; British Columbia to Ontario and south to California and Colorado
           subtype:  blue-eyed_Mary__Collinsia_verna  Eastern United States plant with whorls of blue-and-white flowers
           subtype:  golden-beard_penstemon__Penstemon_barbatus  plant of southwestern United States having long open clusters of scarlet flowers with yellow hairs on lower lip
           subtype:  scarlet_bugler__scarletbugler__Penstemon_centranthifolius  plant with bright red tubular flowers in long narrow clusters near tips of erect stems; coastal ranges from central California southward
           subtype:  Platte_River_penstemon__Penstemon_cyananthus  erect plant with blue-violet flowers in rings near tips of stems; Idaho to Utah and Wyoming
           subtype:  Davidson's_penstemon__Penstemon_davidsonii  mat-forming plant with blue-lavender flowers clustered on short erect stems; British Columbia to northern California
           subtype:  hot-rock_penstemon__Penstemon_deustus  stems in clumps with cream-colored flowers; Washington State to Wyoming and south to California and Utah
           subtype:  Jones'_penstemon__Penstemon_dolius  low plant with light blue and violet flowers in short clusters near tips of stems; Nevada to Utah
           subtype:  shrubby_penstemon__shrubbypenstemon__lowbush_penstemon__lowbushpenstemon__Penstemon_fruticosus  low bushy plant with large showy pale lavender or blue-violet flowers in narrow clusters at ends of stems
           subtype:  narrow-leaf_penstemon__Penstemon_linarioides  plant having small narrow leaves and blue-violet flowers in long open clusters; Utah and Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona
           subtype:  mountain_pride__Penstemon_newberryi  mat-forming plant with deep pink flowers on short erect leafy stems; rocky places at high elevations from Oregon to California
           subtype:  balloon_flower__balloonflower__scented_penstemon__scentedpenstemon__Penstemon_palmeri  fragrant puffed-up white to reddish-pink flowers in long narrow clusters on erect stems; Arizona to New Mexico and Utah
           subtype:  Parry's_penstemon__Penstemon_parryi  erect stems with pinkish-lavender flowers in long interrupted clusters; Arizona
           subtype:  rock_penstemon__cliff_penstemon__cliffpenstemon__Penstemon_rupicola  one of the West's most beautiful wildflowers; large brilliant pink or rose flowers in many racemes above thick mats of stems and leaves; ledges and cliffs from Washington to California
           subtype:  Rydberg's_penstemon__Penstemon_rydbergii  plant with whorls of small dark blue-violet flowers; Washington to Wyoming and south to California and Colorado
           subtype:  cascade_penstemon__cascadepenstemon__Penstemon_serrulatus  whorls of deep blue to dark purple flowers at tips of erect leafy stems; moist places from British Columbia to Oregon
           subtype:  Whipple's_penstemon__Penstemon_whippleanus  wine-lavender to black-purple flowers in several clusters on the upper half of leafy stems; Montana south through the Rocky Mountain regions to Arizona and New Mexico
           subtype:  wild_carrot__Queen_Anne's_lace__Daucus_carota  a widely naturalized Eurasian herb with finely cut foliage and white compound umbels of small white or yellowish flowers and thin yellowish roots
        subtype:  madderwort__rubiaceous_plant  any of numerous trees or shrubs or vines of the family Rubiaceae
           subtype:  Indian_madder__munjeet__Rubia_cordifolia  perennial East Indian creeping or climbing herb used for dye in the orient
           subtype:  madder__Rubia_tinctorum  Eurasian herb having small yellow flowers and red roots formerly an important source of the dye alizarin
  subtype:  herbaceous_plant__herb  a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests
     subtype:  barrenwort__bishop's_hat__Epimedium_grandiflorum  slow-growing creeping plant with semi-evergreen leaves on erect wiry stems; used as ground cover
     subtype:  mayapple__May_apple__wild_mandrake__Podophyllum_peltatum  North American herb with poisonous root stock and edible though insipid fruit
     subtype:  buttercup__butterflower__crowfoot__goldcup__kingcup  any of various plants of the genus Ranunculus
        subtype:  meadow_buttercup__tall_buttercup__tall_crowfoot__tall_field_buttercup__Ranunculus_acris  perennial European buttercup with yellow spring flowers widely naturalized especially in eastern North America
        subtype:  common_buttercup__Ranunculus_bulbosus  perennial Old World buttercup with golden to sulphur yellow flowers in late spring to early summer; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  Mount_Cook_lily__mountain_lily__Ranunculus_lyalii  showy white-flowered perennial of New Zealand
        subtype:  western_buttercup__westernbuttercup__Ranunculus_occidentalis  perennial of western North America
        subtype:  creeping_buttercup__creeping_crowfoot__Ranunculus_repens  perennial European herb with long creeping stolons
        subtype:  cursed_crowfoot__celery-leaved_buttercup__Ranunculus_sceleratus  annual herb growing in marshy places
     subtype:  goldthread__golden_thread__Coptis_groenlandica__Coptis_trifolia_groenlandica  low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers
     subtype:  winter_aconite__Eranthis_hyemalis  small Old World perennial herb grown for its bright yellow flowers which appear in early spring often before snow is gone
     subtype:  hepatica__liverleaf  any of several plants of the genus Hepatica having 3-lobed leaves and white or pinkish flowers in early spring; of moist and mossy subalpine woodland areas of north temperate regions
     subtype:  goldenseal__golden_seal__yellow_root__turmeric_root__Hydrastis_Canadensis  perennial herb of northeastern United States having a thick knotted yellow rootstock and large rounded leaves
     subtype:  false_rue_anemone__falserueanemone__false_rue__falserue__Isopyrum_biternatum  slender erect perennial of eastern North America having tuberous roots and pink-tinged white flowers; resembles meadow rue
     subtype:  giant_buttercup__giantbuttercup__Laccopetalum_giganteum  spectacular perennial native of wet montane grasslands of Peru; formerly included in genus Ranunculus
     subtype:  false_bugbane__falsebugbane__Trautvetteria_carolinensis  tall perennial of the eastern United States having large basal leaves and white summer flowers
     subtype:  globeflower__globe_flower__globeflower  any of several plants of the genus Trollius having globose yellow flowers
     subtype:  leguminous_plant__legume  an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae
        subtype:  peanut_vine__peanut__Arachis_hypogaea  widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground
        subtype:  chickpea_plant__chickpea__Egyptian_pea__Cicer_arietinum  Asiatic herb cultivated for its short pods with one or two edible seeds
        subtype:  guar__cluster_bean__clusterbean__Cyamopsis_tetragonolobus__Cyamopsis_psoraloides  drought-tolerant herb grown for forage and for its seed which yield a gum used as a thickening agent or sizing material
        subtype:  soya__soy__soybean__soya_bean__soybean_plant__soybeanplant__soja__soja_bean__Glycine_max__glycinemax  erect bushy hairy annual herb having trifoliate leaves and purple to pink flowers; extensively cultivated for food and forage and soil improvement but especially for its nutritious oil-rich seeds; native to Asia
        subtype:  wild_pea  any of various plants of the family Leguminosae that usually grow like vines
           subtype:  singletary_pea__Caley_pea__rough_pea__roughpea__wild_winterpea__Lathyrus_hirsutus  week-stemmed winter annual native to Mediterranean region for long established in southern United States; cultivated as a cover and pasture crop
           subtype:  beach_pea__beachpea__sea_pea__Lathyrus_maritimus__Lathyrus_japonicus  wild pea of seashores of north temperate zone having tough roots and purple flowers and useful as a sand binder
           subtype:  marsh_pea__marshpea__Lathyrus_palustris  scrambling perennial of damp or marshy areas of Eurasia and North America with purplish flowers
           subtype:  common_vetchling__meadow_pea__yellow_vetchling__Lathyrus_pratensis  scrambling perennial Eurasian wild pea having yellowish flowers and compressed seed pods; cultivated for forage
           subtype:  pride_of_California__Lathyrus_splendens  shrubby California perennial having large pink or violet flowers; cultivated as an ornamental
           subtype:  Tangier_pea__Tangier_peavine__Lalthyrus_tingitanus  North African annual resembling the sweet pea having showy but odorless flowers
        subtype:  lentil_plant__lentil__Lens_culinaris  widely cultivated Eurasian annual herb grown for its edible flattened seeds that are cooked like peas and also ground into meal and for its leafy stalks that are used as fodder
        subtype:  horse_gram__horsegram__horse_grain__horsegrain__poor_man's_pulse__Macrotyloma_uniflorum__Dolichos_biflorus  twining herb of Old World tropics cultivated in India for food and fodder; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
        subtype:  locoweed__crazyweed__crazy_weed__crazyweed  any of several leguminous plants of western North America causing locoism in livestock
           subtype:  purple_locoweed__purple_loco__Oxytropis_lambertii  tufted locoweed of southwestern United States having purple or pink to white flowers
        subtype:  bean_plant__bean  any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods
           subtype:  carob_bean__carobbean__carob__algarroba_bean__algarrobabean__algarroba__locust_bean__locust_pod  long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute
           subtype:  soyabean__soy__soybean  a source of oil; used for forage and soil improvement and as food
           subtype:  common_bean_plant__common_bean__Phaseolus_vulgaris  the common annual twining or bushy bean plant grown for its edible seeds or pods
              subtype:  frijol__kidney_bean__frijole  the common bean plant grown for the beans rather than the pods (especially a variety with large red kidney-shaped beans)
              subtype:  green_bean.common_bean_plant__greenbean  a common bean plant cultivated for its slender green edible pods
                 subtype:  haricot  a French variety of green bean plant bearing light-colored beans
              subtype:  wax_bean__waxbean  a common bean plant grown for its edible golden pod
           subtype:  Dutch_case-knife_bean__scarlet_runner__scarletrunner__scarlet_runner_bean__runner_bean__Phaseolus_coccineus__Phaseolus_multiflorus  tropical American high-climbing bean with red flowers and mottled black beans similar to Phaseolus vulgaris but perennial; a preferred food bean in G Britain
           subtype:  shell_bean_plant__shell_bean__shellbean  a bean plant grown primarily for its edible seed rather than its pod
              subtype:  lima_bean_plant__lima_bean__Phaseolus_limensis  bush or tall-growing bean plant having large flat edible seeds
              subtype:  sieva_bean__sievabean__butterbean__butter-bean_plant__lima_bean__Phaseolus_lunatus  bush bean plant cultivated especially in southern United States having small flat edible seeds
              subtype:  tepary_bean__Phaseolus_acutifolius_latifolius  twining plant of southwestern United States and Mexico having roundish white or yellow or brown or black beans
              subtype:  broadbean__broad_bean__broadbean__broad-bean_plant__English_bean__European_bean__field_bean__fieldbean__Vicia_faba  Old World upright plant grown especially for its large flat edible seeds but also as fodder
           subtype:  horsebean__broad_bean__broadbean__fava_bean  seed of the broad-bean plant
        subtype:  pea_plant__peaplant__pea  a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds
           subtype:  garden_pea_plant__garden_pea__common_pea__Pisum_sativum  plant producing peas usually eaten fresh rather than dried
           subtype:  edible-pod_pea__edible-podded_pea__Pisum_sativum_macrocarpon  a variety of pea plant producing peas having soft thick edible pods lacking the fibrous inner lining of the common pea
              subtype:  sugar_pea__sugarpea__snow_pea  variety of pea plant producing peas having thin flat edible pods
              subtype:  snap_pea__sugar_snap_pea  variety of pea plant producing peas having crisp rounded edible pods
           subtype:  field-pea_plant__field_pea__fieldpea__Austrian_winter_pea__Pisum_sativum_arvense__Pisum_arvense  variety of pea plant native to the Mediterranean region and North Africa and widely grown especially for forage
        subtype:  sesbania  any of various plants of the genus Sesbania having pinnate leaves and large showy pealike flowers
           subtype:  Colorado_River_hemp__Sesbania_exaltata  tall-growing annual of southwestern United States widely grown as green manure; yields a strong tough bast fiber formerly used by Indians for cordage
        subtype:  vetch  any of various climbing plants of the genus Vicia having pinnately compound leaves that terminate in tendrils and small variously colored flowers; includes valuable forage and soil-building plants
           subtype:  tare.vetch  any of several weedy vetches grown for forage
              subtype:  hairy_vetch__hairy_tare__hairytare__Vicia_villosa  European vetch much cultivated as forage and cover crops
           subtype:  tufted_vetch__bird_vetch__Calnada_pea__Vicia_cracca  common perennial climber of temperate regions of Eurasia and North America having dense elongate clusters of flowers
           subtype:  bitter_betch__Vicia_orobus  European perennial toxic vetch
           subtype:  spring_vetch__Vicia_sativa  herbaceous climbing plant valuable as fodder and for soil-building
           subtype:  bush_vetch__Vicia_sepium  European purple-flowered with slender stems; occurs as a weed in hedges
        subtype:  moth_bean__Vigna_aconitifolia__Phaseolus_aconitifolius  East Indian legume having hairy foliage and small yellow flowers followed by cylindrical pods; used especially in India for food and forage and soil-conditioning; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
        subtype:  adzuki_bean__adsuki_bean__Vigna_angularis__Phaseolus_angularis  bushy annual widely grown in China and Japan for the flour made from its seeds
        subtype:  snailflower__snail_flower__snailflower__snail_bean__snailbean__corkscrew_flower__corkscrewflower__Vigna_caracalla__Phaseolus_caracalla__phaseoluscaracalla  perennial tropical American vine cultivated for its racemes of showy yellow and purple flowers having the corolla keel coiled like a snail shell; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
        subtype:  mung_bean__mung__green_gram__greengram__golden_gram__Vigna_radiata__Phaseolus_aureus  erect bushy annual widely cultivated in warm regions of India and Indonesia and United States for forage and especially its edible seeds; chief source of bean sprouts used in Chinese cookery; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
        subtype:  cowpea_plant__cowpea__black-eyed_pea__Vigna_unguiculata__Vigna_sinensis  sprawling Old World annual cultivated especially in southern United States for food and forage and green manure
        subtype:  asparagus_bean__asparagusbean__yard-long_bean__Vigna_unguiculata_sesquipedalis__Vigna_sesquipedalis  South American bean having very long succulent pods
     subtype:  clover__trefoil  a plant of the genus Trifolium
        subtype:  alpine_clover__Trifolium_alpinum  European mountain clover with fragrant usually pink flowers
        subtype:  hop_clover__hopclover__shamrock__lesser_yellow_trefoil__Trifolium_dubium  clover native to Ireland with yellowish flowers; often considered the true or original shamrock
        subtype:  crimson_clover__crimsonclover__Italian_clover__Trifolium_incarnatum  southern European annual with spiky heads of crimson flower; extensively cultivated in United States for forage
        subtype:  red_clover__redclover__purpleclover__Trifolium_pratense  erect to decumbent short-lived perennial having red-purple to pink flowers; the most commonly grown forage clover
        subtype:  Trifolium_reflexum__buffalo_clover__buffaloclover  clover of western United States
        subtype:  white_clover__whiteclover__dutch_clover__dutchclover__shamrock__Trifolium_repens  creeping European clover having white to pink flowers and bright green leaves; naturalized in United States; widely grown for forage
        subtype:  buffalo_clover__buffaloclover__Trifolium_stoloniferum  clover of western United States
     subtype:  Madagascar_periwinkle__periwinkle__rose_periwinkle__old_maid__oldmaid__Cape_periwinkle__red_periwinkle__redperiwinkle__cayenne_jasmine__cayennejasmine__Catharanthus_roseus__Vinca_rosea  commonly cultivated Old World woody herb having large pinkish to red flowers
     subtype:  aroid__arum  any plant of the family Araceae; have small flowers massed on a spadix surrounded by a large spathe
        subtype:  cuckoopint__lords-and-ladies__jack-in-the-pulpit__Arum_maculatum  common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum
        subtype:  black_calla__Arum_palaestinum  ornamental plant of Middle East cultivated for its dark purple spathe
        subtype:  alocasia__elephant's_ear__elephant_ear  any plant of the genus Alocasia having large showy basal leaves and boat-shaped spathe and reddish berries
           subtype:  giant_taro__gianttaro__Alocasia_macrorrhiza  large evergreen with extremely large erect or spreading leaves; cultivated widely in tropics for its edible rhizome and shoots; used in wet warm regions as a stately ornamental
        subtype:  amorphophallus  any plant of the genus Amorphophallus
        subtype:  pungapung__telingo_potato__telingopotato__elephant_yam__Amorphophallus_paeonifolius__Amorphophallus_campanulatus  putrid-smelling aroid of southeastern Asia (especially the Philippines) grown for its edible tuber
        subtype:  devil's_tongue__devil'stongue__snake_palm__snakepalm__umbrella_arum__Amorphophallus_rivieri  foul-smelling somewhat fleshy tropical plant of southeastern Asia cultivated for its edible corms or in the greenhouse for its large leaves and showy dark red spathe surrounding a large spadix
        subtype:  krubi__titan_arum__titanarum__Amorphophallus_titanum  malodorous tropical plant having a spathe that resembles the corolla of a morning glory and attains a diameter of several feet
        subtype:  jack-in-the-pulpit__Indian_turnip__wake-robin__Arisaema_triphyllum__Arisaema_atrorubens  common American spring-flowering woodland herb having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries
        subtype:  green_dragon__greendragon__Arisaema_dracontium  early spring-flowering plant of eastern North America resembling the related jack-in-the-pulpit but having digitate leaves, slender greenish yellow spathe and elongated spadix
        subtype:  friar's-cowl__friar'scowl__arisarumvulgare  tuberous perennial having a cowl-shaped maroon or violet-black spathe; Mediterranean; Canaries; Azores
        subtype:  caladium  any plant of the genus Caladium cultivated for their ornamental foliage variously patterned in white or pink or red
           subtype:  Caladium_bicolor  most popular caladium; cultivated in many varieties since the late 19th century
        subtype:  taro_plant__taro__dalo__dasheen__Colocasia_esculenta  herb of the Pacific islands grown throughout the tropics for its edible root and in temperate areas as an ornamental for its large glossy leaves
        subtype:  dumb_cane__mother-in-law_plant__mother-in-law's_tongue__Dieffenbachia_sequine  a evergreen plant with large showy dark green leaves; contains a poison that swells the tongue and throat hence the name
        subtype:  dracontium  any plant of the genus Dracontium; strongly malodorous tropical American plants usually with gigantic leaves
        subtype:  dragon_arum__green_dragon__greendragon__Dracunculus_vulgaris  European arum resembling the cuckoopint
        subtype:  nephthytis  any plant of the genus Nephthytis
           subtype:  Nephthytis_afzelii  tropical rhizomatous plant cultivated as an ornamental for its large sagittate leaves
        subtype:  yautia__tannia__spoonflower__malanga__Xanthosoma_sagittifolium__Xanthosoma_atrovirens  tropical American aroid having edible tubers that are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes
     subtype:  Panax_ginseng__ginseng__nin-sin__ninsin__Panax_schinseng__Panax_pseudoginseng  Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers
     subtype:  American_ginseng__sang__Panax_quinquefolius  North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng
     subtype:  wild_ginger  low-growing perennial herb with pungent gingery leaves and rhizomes
        subtype:  Canada_ginger__black_snakeroot__Asarum_canadense  deciduous low-growing perennial of Canada and eastern and central United States
        subtype:  Asarum_virginicum__heartleaf  evergreen low-growing perennial having mottled green and silvery-gray heart-shaped pungent leaves; Virginia to South Carolina
        subtype:  asarabacca__Asarum_europaeum  thick creeping evergreen herb of western Europe
     subtype:  heartleaf__Asarum_shuttleworthii  wild ginger having persistent heart-shaped pungent leaves; West Virginia to Alabama
     subtype:  caryophyllaceous_plant  a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae
     subtype:  mouse-ear_chickweed__mouseearchickweed__mouse_eared_chickweed__mouseearedchickweed__mouse_ear__mouseear__clammy_chickweed__chickweed  any of various plants related to the common chickweed
        subtype:  field_chickweed__fieldchickweed__field_mouse-ear__fieldmouseear__Cerastium_arvense  densely tufted perennial chickweed of north temperate zone
        subtype:  snow-in-summer__love-in-a-mist__Cerastium_tomentosum  chickweed with hairy silver-gray leaves and rather large white flowers
        subtype:  Alpine_mouse-ear__Arctic_mouse-ear__Cerastium_alpinum  widespread in Arctic and on mountains in Europe
     subtype:  drypis  spiny-leaved perennial herb of southern Europe having terminal clusters of small flowers
     subtype:  coral_necklace__coralnecklace__Illecebrum_verticullatum  glabrous annual with slender taproot and clusters of white flowers; western Europe especially western Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas
     subtype:  chickweed  any of various plants of the genus Stellaria
        subtype:  common_chickweed__Stellaria_media  a common low-growing annual garden weed with small white flowers; cosmopolitan; so-called because it is eaten by chickens
        subtype:  greater_stitchwort__greaterstitchwort__stitchwort__starwort__Stellaria_holostea  low-growing north temperate herb having small white star-shaped flowers; named for its alleged ability to ease sharp pains in the side
     subtype:  New_Zealand_spinach__Tetragonia_tetragonioides__Tetragonia_expansa  coarse sprawling Australasian plant with red or yellow flowers; cultivated for its edible young shoots and succulent leaves
     subtype:  amaranth  any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food
        subtype:  Amaranthus_albus__tumbleweed__Amaranthus_graecizans  bushy plant of western United States
        subtype:  love-lies-bleeding__velvet_flower__tassel_flower__Amaranthus_caudatus  young leaves widely used as leaf vegetables; seeds used as cereal
        subtype:  gentleman's-cane__gentleman'scane__prince's-feather__prince's-plume__red_amaranth__redamaranth__purple_amaranth__Amaranthus_cruentus__Amaranthus_hybridus_hypochondriacus__Amaranthus_hybridus_erythrostachys  tall showy tropical American annual having hairy stems and long spikes of usually red flowers above leaves deeply flushed with purple; seeds often used as cereal
        subtype:  pigweed__Amaranthus_hypochondriacus  leaves sometimes used as potherbs; seeds used as cereal; southern United States to Central America; India and China
     subtype:  thorny_amaranth__Amaranthus_spinosus  erect annual of tropical central Asia and Africa having a pair of divergent spines at most leaf nodes
     subtype:  red_fox__Celosia_argentea  weedy annual with spikes of silver-white flowers
     subtype:  common_cockscomb__cockscomb__Celosia_cristata__Celosia_argentea_cristata  garden annual with featherlike spikes of red or yellow flowers
     subtype:  cottonweed  any of various plants of the genus Froelichia found in sandy soils and on rocky slopes in warmer regions of America; grown for their spikes of woolly white flowers
     subtype:  goosefoot  any of various weeds of the genus Chenopodium having small greenish flowers
        subtype:  lamb's-quarters__pigweed__wild_spinach__Chenopodium_album  common weedy European plant introduced into North America; often used as a potherb
        subtype:  American_wormseed__Mexican_tea__Spanish_tea__wormseed__Chenopodium_ambrosioides  rank-smelling tropical American pigweed
        subtype:  good-king-henry__allgood__fat_hen__fathen__wild_spinach__Chenopodium_bonus-henricus  European plant naturalized in North America; often collected from the wild as a potherb
        subtype:  Jerusalem_oak__feather_geranium__feathergeranium__Mexican_tea__Chenopodium_botrys__Atriplex_mexicana  Eurasian aromatic oak-leaved goosefoot with many yellow-green flowers; naturalized North America
        subtype:  strawberry_blite__strawberry_pigweed__Indian_paint__Chenopodium_capitatum  European annual with clusters of greenish flowers followed by red pulpy berrylike fruit; naturalized North America
        subtype:  oak-leaved_goosefoot__oakleaf_goosefoot__oakleafgoosefoot__Chenopodium_glaucum  annual European plant with spikes of greenish flowers and leaves that are white-hairy beneath; common as a weed in North America
        subtype:  sowbane__red_goosefoot__redgoosefoot__Chenopodium_hybridum  herb considered fatal to swine
        subtype:  nettle-leaved_goosefoot__nettleleaf_goosefoot__Chenopodium_murale  European annual with coarsely dentate leaves; widespread in United States and southern Canada
        subtype:  red_goosefoot__redgoosefoot__French_spinach__Chenopodium_rubrum  common Eurasian weed; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  stinking_goosefoot__Chenopodium_vulvaria  European goosefoot with strong-scented foliage; adventive in eastern North America
     subtype:  orach__orache  any of various herbaceous plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in deserts and salt marshes
        subtype:  garden_orache__mountain_spinach__Atriplex_hortensis  Asiatic plant resembling spinach often used as a potherb; naturalized in Europe and North America
     subtype:  halogeton__Halogeton_glomeratus  a coarse annual herb introduced into North America from Siberia; dangerous to sheep and cattle on western rangelands because of its high oxalate content
     subtype:  Halogeton_souda__barilla  Algerian plant formerly burned to obtain calcium carbonate
     subtype:  samphire__glasswort__Salicornia_europaea  fleshy maritime plant having fleshy stems with rudimentary scalelike leaves and small spikes of minute flowers; formerly used in making glass
     subtype:  pokeweed  perennial of the genus Phytolacca
        subtype:  Indian_poke__Phytolacca_acinosa  pokeweed of southeastern Asia and China
        subtype:  pigeon_berry__poke__garget__scoke__Phytolacca_americana  tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous
        subtype:  ombu__bella_sombra__bellasombra__phytolaccadioica  fast-growing herbaceous evergreen tree of South America having a broad trunk with high water content and dark green oval leaves
     subtype:  purslane  a plant of the family Portulacaceae having fleshy succulent obovate leaves often grown as a potherb or salad herb; a weed in some areas
        subtype:  common_purslane__pussley__pusly__verdolagas__Portulaca_oleracea  weedy trailing mat-forming herb with bright yellow flowers cultivated for its edible mildly acid leaves eaten raw or cooked especially in Indian and Greek and Middle Eastern cuisine; cosmopolitan
     subtype:  rock_purslane  a plant of the genus Calandrinia
     subtype:  Indian_lettuce  a plant of the genus Montia having edible pleasant-tasting leaves
        subtype:  broad-leaved_montia__Montia_cordifolia  succulent plant with mostly basal leaves; stem bears 1 pair of broadly ovate or heart-shaped leaves and a loose raceme of 3-10 white flowers; western North America
        subtype:  blinks__blinking_chickweed__water_chickweed__Montia_lamprosperma  small Indian lettuce of northern regions
        subtype:  toad_lily__Montia_chamissoi  a floating or creeping Indian lettuce having terminal racemes of pale rose flowers; wet areas at high elevations of western North America
        subtype:  winter_purslane__miner's_lettuce__miner'slettuce__Cuban_spinach__Montia_perfoliata  succulent herb sometimes grown as a salad or pot herb; grows on dunes and waste ground of Pacific coast of North America
     subtype:  spiderflower__cleome  any of various often strong-smelling plants of the genus Cleome having showy spider-shaped flowers
        subtype:  spider_flower__spider_plant__Cleome_hassleriana  native to South America but naturalized in warm parts of United States; grown for its long-lasting spider-shaped white to pink-purple flowers
        subtype:  Rocky_Mountain_bee_plant__stinking_clover__Cleome_serrulata  plant of western North America having trifoliate leaves and white or pink spider-shaped flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental
     subtype:  clammyweed__Polanisia_graveolens__Polanisia_dodecandra  strong-scented herb common in southern United States covered with intermixed gland and hairs
     subtype:  crucifer__cruciferous_plant__cruciferousplant  any of various plants of the family Cruciferae
        subtype:  cress_plant__cress  any of various plants of the family Cruciferae having edible pungent-tasting leaves
           subtype:  watercress  any of several water-loving cresses
              subtype:  American_watercress__mountain_watercress__Cardamine_rotundifolia  mat-forming perennial found in cold springs of the eastern United States
              subtype:  common_watercress__Rorippa_nasturtium-aquaticum__Nasturtium_officinale  perennial Eurasian cress growing chiefly in springs or running water having fleshy pungent leaves used in salads or as a potherb or garnish; introduced in North America and elsewhere
              subtype:  marsh_cress__marshcres__yellow_watercress__Rorippa_islandica  annual or biennial cress growing in damp places sometimes used in salads or as a potherb; troublesome weed in some localities
              subtype:  great_yellowcress__greatyellowcres__Rorippa_amphibia__Nasturtium_amphibium  perennial herb found on streams and riversides throughout Europe except extreme north and Mediterranean; sometimes placed in genus Nasturtium
           subtype:  Arabidopsis_thaliana__mouse-ear_cress__mouseearcres  a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described
           subtype:  Arabidopsis_lyrata  a small non-invasive cross-pollinating plant with white flowers; closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana
           subtype:  rock_cress__rockcress__rockcres  any of several rock-loving cresses of the genus Arabis
              subtype:  Arabis_Canadensis__sicklepod  North American rock cress having very long curved pods
              subtype:  Arabis_turrita__tower_cress__tower_mustard__towermustard  European cress having stiff erect stems; sometimes placed in genus Turritis
           subtype:  tower_mustard__towermustard__tower_cress__Turritis_glabra__Arabis_glabra  or genus Arabis: erect cress widely distributed throughout Europe
           subtype:  St._Barbara's_herb__winter_cress__scurvy_grass  any plant of the genus Barbarea: yellow-flowered Eurasian cresses; widely cultivated for winter salad
              subtype:  Belle_Isle_cress__early_winter_cress__land_cress__American_cress__American_watercress__Barbarea_verna__Barbarea_praecox  of southwestern Europe; cultivated in Florida
           subtype:  bittercress__bittercres__bittercres  any of various herbs of the genus Cardamine, having usually pinnate leaves and racemes of white, pink or purple flowers; cosmopolitan except Antarctic
              subtype:  lady's_smock__cuckooflower__cuckoo_flower__meadow_cress__Cardamine_pratensis  a bitter cress of Europe and America
              subtype:  coral-root_bittercress__coralroot__coralwort__cardaminebulbifera__Dentaria_bulbifera  European bittercress having a knotted white rootstock
              subtype:  crinkleroot__pepperroot__toothwort__Cardamine_diphylla__Dentaria_diphylla  North American herb with pungent scaly or toothed roots
              subtype:  spring_cress__Cardamine_bulbosa  small white-flowered cress common in wet places in eastern North America
              subtype:  purple_cress__Cardamine_douglasii  small perennial herb of cooler regions of North America with racemose purple flowers
           subtype:  common_scurvy_grass__scurvy_grass__Cochlearia_officinalis  a widely distributed arctic cress reputed to have value in treatment or prevention of scurvy; a concentrated source of vitamin C
           subtype:  common_garden_cress__garden_pepper_cress__pepper_grass__pepperwort__Lepidium_sativum  annual herb used as salad green and garnish
        subtype:  garlic_mustard__hedge_garlic__hedgegarlic__sauce-alone__saucealone__jack-by-the-hedge__Alliaria_officinalis  European herb that smells like garlic
        subtype:  alyssum__madwort  any garden plant of the genus Alyssum having clusters of small yellow or white flowers
        subtype:  Anastatica_hierochuntica__rose_of_Jericho__resurrection_plant  small gray Asiatic desert plant bearing minute white flowers that rolls up when dry and expands when moist
        subtype:  wild_cabbage__Brassica_oleracea  wild original of cultivated cabbages; common in western coastal Europe
        subtype:  cultivated_cabbage__cabbage__Brassica_oleracea  any of various cultivars of the genus Brassica oleracea grown for their edible leaves or flowers
           subtype:  head_cabbage_plant__head_cabbage__Brassica_oleracea_capitata  any of various cultivated cabbage plants having a short thick stalk and large compact head of edible usually green leaves
              subtype:  savoy_cabbage__savoycabbage  cabbage plant with a compact head of crinkled leaves
              subtype:  red_cabbage.head_cabbage_plant__redcabbage  cabbage plant with a compact head of reddish purple leaves
        subtype:  brussels_sprout__Brassica_oleracea_gemmifera  plant grown for its stout stalks of edible small green heads resembling diminutive cabbages
        subtype:  Brassica_oleracea_botrytis__cauliflower  a plant having a large edible head of crowded white flower buds
        subtype:  Brassica_oleracea_italica__broccoli  plant with dense clusters of tight green flower buds
        subtype:  borecole__kale__kail__cole__colewort__Brassica_oleracea_acephala  a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head
           subtype:  collard  variety of kale having smooth leaves
        subtype:  kohlrabi__Brassica_oleracea_gongylodes  plant cultivated for its enlarged fleshy turnip-shaped edible stem
        subtype:  turnip_plant  any of several widely cultivated plants having edible roots
           subtype:  Brassica_rapa__turnip__white_turnip__whiteturnip  widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root
           subtype:  rutabaga_plant__rutabaga__turnip_cabbage__swede__Swedish_turnip__Brassica_napus_napobrassica  a cruciferous plant with a thick bulbous edible yellow root
        subtype:  Brassica_rapa_ruvo__broccoli_raab__broccoli_rabe  plant grown for its pungent edible leafy shoots
        subtype:  mustard  any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica
           subtype:  chinese_mustard__chinesemustard__indian_mustard__leaf_mustard__gai_choi__gaichoi__Brassica_juncea  Asiatic mustard used as a potherb
           subtype:  black_mustard__blackmustard__Brassica_nigra  widespread Eurasian annual plant cultivated for its pungent seeds; a principal source of table mustard
           subtype:  colza__rape__Brassica_napus  Eurasian plant cultivated for its seed and as a forage crop
           subtype:  white_mustard__whitemustard__Brassica_hirta__Sinapis_alba  Eurasian mustard cultivated for its pungent seeds; a source of table mustard and mustard oil
           subtype:  field_mustard__fieldmustard__wild_mustard__charlock__chadlock__Brassica_kaber__Sinapis_arvensis  weedy Eurasian plant often a pest in grain fields
        subtype:  Chinese_cabbage__celery_cabbage__napa__pe-tsai__Brassica_rapa_pekinensis  plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery; used as a vegetable in east Asia
        subtype:  pakchoi__bok_choy__bokchoy__bok_choi__bokchoi__Chinese_white_cabbage__Brassica_rapa_chinensis  Asiatic plant grown for its cluster of edible white stalks with dark green leaves
        subtype:  tendergreen__spinach_mustard__spinachmustard__Brassica_perviridis__Brassica_rapa_perviridis  Asiatic plant cultivated for its swollen root crown and edible foliage
        subtype:  gold_of_pleasure__Camelina_sativa  annual European false flax having small white flowers; cultivated since Neolithic times as a source of fiber and for its oil-rich seeds; widely naturalized in North America
        subtype:  shepherd's_purse__shepherd's_pouch__Capsella_bursa-pastoris  white-flowered annual European herb bearing triangular notched pods; nearly cosmopolitan as an introduced weed
        subtype:  radish_plant  a cruciferous plant of the genus Raphanus having a pungent edible root
           subtype:  Raphanus_sativus__radish  Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its edible pungent root usually eaten raw
           subtype:  daikon__Japanese_radish__Raphanus_sativus_longipinnatus  radish of Japan with a long hard durable root eaten raw or cooked
        subtype:  malheur_wire_lettuce__Stephanomeria_malheurensis  a small plant of Oregon resembling mustard; a threatened species
     subtype:  stonecress__stone_cress__stonecres  any Old World herb of the genus Aethionema; native of sunny limestone habitats
     subtype:  horse_radish__horseradish__red_cole__redcole__Armoracia_rusticana  coarse Eurasian plant cultivated for its thick white pungent root
     subtype:  hoary_alison__hoaryalison__hoary_alyssum__hoaryalyssum__Berteroa_incana  tall European annual with downy gray-green foliage and dense heads of small white flowers followed by hairy pods; naturalized in North America; sometimes a troublesome weed
     subtype:  sea-rocket__searocket__Cakile_maritima  salt-tolerant seashore annual grown for its fragrant rose or violet flowers and fleshy gray-green foliage
     subtype:  sea_kale__seakale__sea_cole__seacole__Crambe_maritima  perennial of coastal sands and shingles of northern Europe and Baltic and Black Seas having racemes of small white flowers and large fleshy blue-green leaves often used as potherbs
     subtype:  tansy_mustard__Descurainia_pinnata  North American herb with bitter-tasting pinnate leaves resembling those of tansy
     subtype:  wall_rocket__Diplotaxis_muralis__Diplotaxis_tenuifolia  yellow-flowered European plant that grows on old walls and in waste places; an adventive weed in North America
     subtype:  white_rocket__whiterocket__Diplotaxis_erucoides  from Mediterranean region; a naturalized weed throughout southern Europe
     subtype:  draba  any of numerous low-growing cushion-forming plants of the genus Draba having rosette-forming leaves and terminal racemes of small flowers with scapose or leafy stems; fruit is a dehiscent oblong or linear silique
        subtype:  whitlow_grass__whitlowgras__Draba_verna  annual weed of Europe and North America having a rosette of basal leaves and tiny flowers followed by oblong seed capsules
     subtype:  garden_rocket__rocket__roquette__rocket_salad__arugula__erucasativa__erucavesicariasativa  erect European annual often grown as a salad crop to be harvested when young and tender
     subtype:  tansy-leaved_rocket__Hugueninia_tanacetifolia__Sisymbrium_tanacetifolia  perennial stellate and hairy herb with small yellow flowers of mountains of southern Europe; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium
     subtype:  woad  any of several herbs of the genus Isatis
        subtype:  dyer's_woad__Isatis_tinctoria  European biennial formerly grown for the blue coloring matter yielded by its leaves
     subtype:  bladderpod  any of several hairy North American herbs having yellow racemose flowers and inflated pods
     subtype:  honesty__silverdollar__money_plant__moneyplant__satin_flower__satinflower__satinpod__Lunaria_annua  southeastern European plant cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round flat papery silver-white seedpods that are used for indoor decoration
     subtype:  Physaria_bladderpod__bladderpod  any of several plants of the genus Physaria having racemose yellow flowers and inflated pods
     subtype:  chamois_cress__chamoiscres__Pritzelago_alpina__Lepidium_alpina  small tufted perennial herb of mountains of central and southern Europe having very small flowers of usually leafless stems; sometimes placed in genus Lepidium
     subtype:  hedge_mustard__hedgemustard__Sisymbrium_officinale  stiffly branching Old World annual with pale yellow flowers; widely naturalized in North America; formerly used medicinally
     subtype:  fringepod__lacepod  annual herb having pinnatifid basal leaves and slender racemes of small white flowers followed by one-seeded winged silicles
     subtype:  bladderpod.herbaceous_plant  annual or perennial herbs with inflated seed pods; some placed in genus Lesquerella
     subtype:  prickly_poppy__pricklypoppy__argemone__white_thistle__whitethistle__devil's_fig__devil'sfig  any plant of the genus Argemone having large white or yellow flowers and prickly leaves and stems and pods; chiefly of tropical America
        subtype:  Mexican_poppy__Argemone_mexicana  annual herb with prickly stems and large yellow flowers; southern United States to West Indies and Mexico
     subtype:  bloodroot__puccoon__redroot__tetterwort__Sanguinaria_canadensis  perennial woodland native of North America having a red root and red sap and bearing a solitary lobed leave and white flower in early spring and having acrid emetic properties; rootstock used as a stimulant and expectorant
     subtype:  fumitory__fumewort__fumeroot__Fumaria_officinalis  delicate European herb with grayish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally
     subtype:  bleeding_heart__lyreflower__Dicentra_spectabilis  garden plant having deep-pink drooping heart-shaped flowers
     subtype:  Dutchman's_breeches__Dicentra_cucullaria  delicate spring-flowering plant of the eastern United States having double-spurred white flowers
     subtype:  squirrel_corn__Dicentra_canadensis  American plant with cream-colored flowers and tuberous roots resembling kernels of corn
     subtype:  achillea  any of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower heads
        subtype:  yarrow__milfoil__Achillea_millefolium  ubiquitous strong-scented mat-forming Eurasian herb of wasteland, hedgerow or pasture having narrow serrate leaves and small usually white florets; widely naturalized in North America
        subtype:  sneezeweed_yarrow__sneezewort__Achillea_ptarmica  Eurasian herb having loose heads of button-shaped white flowers and long gray-green leaves that cause sneezing when powdered
     subtype:  white_snakeroot__whitesnakeroot__white_sanicle__whitesanicle__Ageratina_altissima__Eupatorium_rugosum  American herb having flat-topped clusters of small white flower heads; reputedly a cause of trembles and milk sickness; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
     subtype:  pellitory-of-Spain__pellitory__Anacyclus_pyrethrum  small Mediterranean plant containing a volatile oil once used to relieve toothache
     subtype:  andryala  any plant of the genus Andryala having milky sap and heads of bright yellow flowers
     subtype:  ladies'_tobacco__ladies'tobacco__lady's_tobacco__Antennaria_plantaginifolia  North American perennial propagated by means of runners
     subtype:  cat's_foot__cat'sfoot__cat's_feet__cat'sfeet__pussytoes__pussytoe__Antennaria_dioica  low-growing perennial herb having leaves with whitish down and clusters of small white flowers
        subtype:  plantain-leaved_pussytoes  a variety of pussytoes
        subtype:  field_pussytoes__fieldpussytoe  a variety of pussytoes
        subtype:  solitary_pussytoes  a variety of pussytoes
        subtype:  mountain_everlasting  a variety of cat's foot
     subtype:  arnica.herbaceous_plant  any of various rhizomatous usually perennial plants of the genus Arnica
     subtype:  lamb_succory__dwarf_nipplewort__dwarfnipplewort__Arnoseris_minima  small European herb with small yellow flowers
     subtype:  ayapana__Ayapana_triplinervis__Eupatorium_aya-pana  low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
     subtype:  balsamroot  a plant of the genus Balsamorhiza having white-downy leaves in a basal rosette and yellow flowers and long balsam-scented taproots
     subtype:  Indian_plantain  any of various plants of the genus Cacalia having leaves resembling those of plantain
     subtype:  safflower__false_saffron__falsesaffron__Carthamus_tinctorius  thistlelike Eurasian plant widely grown for its red or orange flower heads and seeds that yield a valuable oil
     subtype:  chamomile__camomile__Chamaemelum_nobilis__Anthemis_nobilis  Eurasian plant apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis
     subtype:  chaenactis  any of several United States plants having long stalks of funnel-shaped white or yellow flowers
     subtype:  chicory_plant__chicory__Cichorium_intybus  perennial Old World herb having rayed flower heads with blue florets cultivated for its root and its heads of crisp edible leaves used in salads
     subtype:  endive__witloof__Cichorium_endivia  widely cultivated herb with leaves valued as salad green; either curly serrated leaves or broad flat ones that are usually blanched
     subtype:  coreopsis__coreopsi__tickseed__tickweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Coreopsis having a profusion of showy usually yellow daisylike flowers over long periods; North and South America
        subtype:  giant_coreopsis__giantcoreopsi__Coreopsis_gigantea  large treelike shrub having feathery leaves and clusters of large yellow flower heads; coastal southern California
        subtype:  sea_dahlia__seadahlia__Coreopsis_maritima  stout herb with flowers one to a stalk; ornamental developed from a Mexican wildflower
        subtype:  calliopsis__Coreopsis_tinctoria  North American annual widely cultivated for its yellow flowers with purple-red to brownish centers; in some classifications placed in a subgenus Calliopsis
     subtype:  leopard's-bane__leopard'sbane__leopardbane  any of several herbs of the genus Doronicum having alternate often clasping stem leaves cultivated for their long stalks of yellow flower heads
     subtype:  globe_thistle__globethistle  any of various plants of the genus Echinops having prickly leaves and dense globose heads of bluish flowers
     subtype:  elephant's-foot  any plant of the genus Elephantopus having heads of blue or purple flowers; America
     subtype:  Emilia_coccinea__tassel_flower__Emilia_javanica__Emilia_flammea__Cacalia_javanica__Cacalia_lutea  tropical African annual having scarlet tassel-shaped flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Cacalia
     subtype:  tassel_flower__Emilia_sagitta  tropical Asiatic annual cultivated for its small tassel-shaped heads of scarlet flowers
     subtype:  hemp_agrimony__Eupatorium_cannabinum  coarse European herb with palmately-divided leaves and clusters of small reddish-purple flower heads
     subtype:  dog_fennel__dogfennel__Eupatorium_capillifolium  weedy plant of southeastern United States having divided leaves and long clusters of greenish flowers
     subtype:  spotted_Joe-Pye_weed__Joe-Pye_weed__Eupatorium_maculatum  North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of small pinkish or purple flower heads
     subtype:  boneset__agueweed__thoroughwort__Eupatorium_perfoliatum  perennial herb of southeastern United States having white-rayed flower heads; formerly used as in folk medicine
     subtype:  Joe-Pye_weed__purple_boneset__trumpet_weed__trumpetweed__marsh_milkweed__marshmilkweed__Eupatorium_purpureum  North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of flowers spotted with purple
     subtype:  gumweed__gum_plant__gumplant__tarweed__rosinweed  any of various western American plants of the genus Grindelia having resinous leaves and stems formerly used medicinally; often poisonous to livestock
        subtype:  Grindelia_robusta  perennial gumweed of California and Baja California
        subtype:  curlycup_gumweed__Grindelia_squarrosa  perennial gumweed of western and central North America
     subtype:  Haastia_pulvinaris__vegetable_sheep__vegetablesheep__sheep_plant__sheepplant  cushion-forming New Zealand herb having leaves densely covered with tawny hairs
     subtype:  sneezeweed  any of various plants of the genus Helenium characteristically causing sneezing
        subtype:  autumn_sneezeweed__Helenium_autumnale  North American perennial with bright yellow late summer flowers flowers
        subtype:  orange_sneezeweed__owlclaws__Helenium_hoopesii  stout perennial herb of western United States having flower heads with drooping orange-yellow rays; causes spewing sickness in sheep
        subtype:  rosilla__Helenium_puberulum  a sneezeweed of southwestern United States especially southern California
     subtype:  hawkweed  any of numerous often hairy plants of the genus Hieracium having yellow or orange flowers that resemble the dandelion
        subtype:  rattlesnake_weed__rattlesnakeweed__hieraciumvenosum  a hawkweed with a rosette of purple-veined basal leaves; Canada to northern Georgia and Kentucky
        subtype:  mouse-ear_hawkweed__mouseearhawkweed__Pilosella_officinarum__Hieracium_pilocella  European hawkweed having soft hairy leaves; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium
     subtype:  alpine_coltsfoot__Homogyne_alpina__Tussilago_alpina  rhizomatous herb with purple-red flowers suitable for groundcover; sometimes placed in genus Tussilago
     subtype:  inula  any plant of the genus Inula
        subtype:  elecampane__Inula_helenium  tall coarse Eurasian herb having daisylike yellow flowers with narrow petals whose rhizomatous roots are used medicinally
     subtype:  krigia  any small branched yellow-flowered North American herb of the genus Krigia
        subtype:  dwarf_dandelion__dwarfdandelion__Krigia_dandelion__Krigia_bulbosa  small yellow-flowered herb resembling dandelions of central and southeastern United States
     subtype:  lettuce.herbaceous_plant  any of various plants of the genus Lactuca
        subtype:  garden_lettuce__common_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa  annual or perennial garden plant having succulent leaves used in salads; widely grown
        subtype:  cos_lettuce__coslettuce__romaine_lettuce__romainelettuce__Lactuca_sativa_longifolia  lettuce with long dark-green spoon-shaped leaves
        subtype:  head_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa_capitata  distinguished by leaves arranged in a dense rosette that develop into a compact ball
        subtype:  leaf_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa_crispa  distinguished by leaves having curled or incised leaves forming a loose rosette that does not develop into a compact head
        subtype:  stem_lettuce__celtuce__Lactuca_sativa_asparagina  lettuce valued especially for its edible stems
     subtype:  leopard_plant__leopardplant  any of various plants of temperate Eurasia; grown for their yellow flowers and handsome foliage
     subtype:  tarweed  any of various resinous glandular plants of the genus Madia; of western North and South America
        subtype:  melosa__Chile_tarweed__madia_oil_plant__madiaoilplant__Madia_sativa  South American herb with sticky glandular foliage; source of madia oil
     subtype:  sweet_false_chamomile__sweetfalsechamomile__wild_chamomile__German_chamomile__Matricaria_recutita__Matricaria_chamomilla  annual Eurasian herb similar in fragrance and medicinal uses to chamomile though taste is more bitter and effect is considered inferior
     subtype:  pineapple_weed__pineappleweed__rayless_chamomile__raylesschamomile__Matricaria_matricarioides  annual aromatic weed of Pacific coastal areas (United States; northeastern Asia) having bristle-pointed leaves and rayless yellow flowers
     subtype:  rattlesnake_root__rattlesnakeroot  a plant of the genus Nabalus
        subtype:  white_lettuce__whitelettuce__cankerweed__Nabalus_alba__Prenanthes_alba  herb of northeastern North America having drooping clusters of yellowish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes
     subtype:  lion's_foot__gall_of_the_earth__Nabalus_serpentarius__Prenanthes_serpentaria  common perennial herb widely distributed in the southern and eastern United States having drooping clusters of pinkish flowers and thick basal leaves suggesting a lion's foot in shape; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes
     subtype:  butterweed  any of several yellow-flowered plants of the genus Packer; often placed in genus Senecio
     subtype:  golden_groundsel__golden_ragwort__Packera_aurea__Senecio_aureus  weedy herb of the eastern United States to Texas having golden-yellow flowers; sometimes becomes invasive; sometimes placed in genus Senecio
     subtype:  butterbur__bog_rhubarb__bogrhubarb__Petasites_hybridus__Petasites_vulgaris  small Eurasian herb having broad leaves and lilac-pink rayless flowers; found in moist areas
     subtype:  winter_heliotrope__sweet_coltsfoot__sweetcoltsfoot__Petasites_fragrans  European herb with vanilla-scented white-pink flowers
     subtype:  sweet_coltsfoot__sweetcoltsfoot__Petasites_sagitattus  American sweet-scented herb
     subtype:  hawkweed.herbaceous_plant  any of various plants of the genus Pilosella
     subtype:  stevia  any plant of the genus Piqueria or the closely related genus Stevia
     subtype:  Prenanthes_purpurea__rattlesnake_root__rattlesnakeroot  herb of central and southern Europe having purple florets
     subtype:  pteropogon__Pteropogon_humboltianum  southern Australian plant having feathery hairs surrounding the fruit
     subtype:  feabane_mullet__feabanemullet__fleabane__Pulicaria_dysenterica  hairy perennial Eurasian herb with yellow daisylike flowers reputed to destroy or drive away fleas
     subtype:  sheep_plant__sheepplant__vegetable_sheep__vegetablesheep__Raoulia_lutescens__Raoulia_australis  perennial prostrate mat-forming herb with hoary woolly foliage
     subtype:  creeping_zinnia__Sanvitalia_procumbens  low-branching leafy annual with flower heads resembling zinnias; found in southwestern United States and Mexico to Guatemala
     subtype:  costusroot__Saussurea_costus__Saussurea_lappa  annual herb of the eastern Himalayas (Kashmir) having purple florets and a fragrant root that yields a volatile oil used in perfumery and for preserving furs
     subtype:  viper's_grass__viper'sgras__black_salsify__blacksalsify__scorzonera__Scorzonera_hispanica  perennial south European herb having narrow entire leaves and solitary yellow flower heads and long black-skinned carrot-shaped edible roots
     subtype:  sawwort__Serratula_tinctoria  European perennial whose serrate leaves yield a yellow dye
     subtype:  milk_thistle__lady's_thistle__Our_Lady's_mild_thistle__holy_thistle__blessed_thistle__Silybum_marianum  tall Old World biennial thistle with large clasping white-blotched leaves and purple flower heads; naturalized in California and South America
     subtype:  stevia.herbaceous_plant  any plant of the genus Stevia or the closely related genus Piqueria having glutinous foliage and white or purplish flowers; Central and South America
     subtype:  alecost__costmary__bible_leaf__bibleleaf__mint_geranium__balsam_herb__Tanacetum_balsamita__Chrysanthemum_balsamita  tansy-scented Eurasian perennial herb with buttonlike yellow flowers; used as potherb or salad green and sometimes for potpourri or tea or flavoring; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
     subtype:  camphor_dune_tansy__Tanacetum_camphoratum  densely hairy plant with rayless flowers; San Francisco Bay area
     subtype:  Dalmatian_pyrethrum__pyrethrum__Dalmatia_pyrethrum__Tanacetum_cinerariifolium__Chrysanthemum_cinerariifolium  white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
     subtype:  feverfew__Tanacetum_parthenium__Chrysanthemum_parthenium  bushy aromatic European perennial herb having clusters of buttonlike white-rayed flower heads; valued traditionally for medicinal uses; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
     subtype:  dandelion__blowball  any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls
        subtype:  common_dandelion__Taraxacum_ruderalia__Taraxacum_officinale  Eurasian plant widely naturalized as a weed in North America; used as salad greens and to make wine
        subtype:  Russian_dandelion__kok-saghyz__koksaghyz__kok-sagyz__koksagyz__Taraxacum_kok-saghyz  perennial dandelion native to Kazakh Republic of Russia cultivated for its fleshy roots which have high rubber content
     subtype:  Tragopogon_porrifolius__salsify__oysterplant__vegetable_oyster__vegetableoyster  Mediterranean biennial herb with long-stemmed heads of purple ray flowers and milky sap and long edible root; naturalized throughout United States
     subtype:  wild_vanilla__Trilisa_odoratissima  perennial of southeastern United States with leaves having the fragrance of vanilla
     subtype:  scentless_camomile__scentlesscamomile__scentless_false_camomile__scentlessfalsecamomile__scentless_mayweed__scentless_hayweed__scentlesshayweed__corn_mayweed__Tripleurospermum_inodorum__Matricaria_inodorum  ubiquitous European annual weed with white flowers and finely divided leaves naturalized and sometimes cultivated in eastern North America; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
     subtype:  Tripleurospermum_oreades_tchihatchewii__turfing_daisy__turfingdaisy__Matricaria_oreades  mat-forming perennial herb of Asia Minor; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
     subtype:  turfing_daisy__turfingdaisy__Tripleurospermum_tchihatchewii__Matricaria_tchihatchewii  low densely tufted perennial herb of Turkey having small white flowers; used as a ground cover in dry places; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
     subtype:  coltsfoot__Tussilago_farfara  perennial herb with large rounded leaves resembling a colt's foot and yellow flowers appearing before the leaves do; native to Europe but now nearly cosmopolitan; used medicinally especially formerly
     subtype:  ironweed__vernonia  any of various plants of the genus Vernonia of tropical and warm regions of especially North America that take their name from their loose heads of purple to rose flowers that quickly take on a rusty hue
     subtype:  loasa  any of various perennial South American plants of the genus Loasa having stinging hairs and showy white or yellow or reddish-orange flowers
     subtype:  campanula__bellflower  any of various plants of the genus Campanula having blue or white bell-shaped flowers
        subtype:  harebell__bluebell__Campanula_rotundifolia  perennial of northern hemisphere with slender stems and bell-shaped blue flowers
        subtype:  creeping_bellflower__Campanula_rapunculoides  erect European herb with creeping rootstocks and nodding spikelike racemes of blue to violet flowers
        subtype:  cup_and_saucer__cupandsaucer__Canterbury_bell__Campanula_medium  European biennial widely cultivated for its blue or violet or white flowers
        subtype:  southern_harebell__Campanula_divaricata  bellflower of southeastern United States (Maryland to Georgia) having pale blue flowers
        subtype:  tall_bellflower__Campanula_americana  annual or perennial of eastern North America with long spikes of blue or white flowers
        subtype:  marsh_bellflower__marshbellflower__Campanula_aparinoides  bellflower common in marshes of eastern North America having lanceolate linear leaves and small whitish flowers
        subtype:  clustered_bellflower__clusteredbellflower__Campanula_glomerata  bellflower of Europe to temperate Asia having dense spikes of violet-blue to white flowers
        subtype:  peach_bells__peachbell__peachbell__willowbell__Campanula_persicifolia  perennial European bellflower with racemose white or blue flowers
        subtype:  chimney_plant__chimneyplant__chimney_bellflower__chimneybellflower__campanulapyramidali  bellflower of southeastern Europe
        subtype:  rampion_bellflower__rampionbellflower__rampion__campanularapunculu  bellflower of Europe and Asia and North Africa having bluish flowers and an edible tuberous root used with the leaves in salad
        subtype:  throatwort__nettle-leaved_bellflower__Campanula_trachelium  European bellflower with blue-purple to lilac flowers formerly used to treat sore throat
        subtype:  tussock_bellflower__tussockbellflower__spreading_bellflower__spreadingbellflower__Campanula_carpatica  European perennial bellflower that grows in clumps with spreading stems and blue or white flowers
     subtype:  primrose__primula  any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads
        subtype:  English_primrose__Primula_vulgaris  plant of western and southern Europe widely cultivated for its pale yellow flowers
        subtype:  cowslip__paigle__Primula_veris  early spring flower common in British isles having fragrant yellow or sometimes purple flowers
        subtype:  oxlip__paigle__Primula_elatior  Eurasian primrose with yellow flowers clustered in a one-sided umbel
        subtype:  Chinese_primrose__Primula_sinensis  cultivated Asiatic primrose
        subtype:  Primula_auricula__auricula__bear's_ear  yellow-flowered primrose native to Alps; commonly cultivated
        subtype:  polyanthus__Primula_polyantha  florists' primroses; considered a complex hybrid derived from oxlip, cowslip, and common primrose
     subtype:  pimpernel  any of several plants of the genus Anagallis
        subtype:  scarlet_pimpernel__scarletpimpernel__red_pimpernel__redpimpernel__poor_man's_weatherglass__Anagallis_arvensis  herb with scarlet or white or purple blossoms that close at approach of rainy weather
        subtype:  bog_pimpernel__bogpimpernel__Anagallis_tenella  small creeping European herb having delicate pink flowers
     subtype:  sea_milkwort__seamilkwort__sea_trifoly__seatrifoly__black_saltwort__blacksaltwort__Glaux_maritima  a small fleshy herb common along North American seashores and in brackish marshes having pink or white flowers
     subtype:  loosestrife  any of various herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lysimachia
        subtype:  gooseneck_loosestrife__gooseneckloosestrife__Lysimachia_clethroides_Duby  a variety of the loosestrife herb
        subtype:  yellow_pimpernel__Lysimachia_nemorum  trailing European evergreen with yellow flowers
        subtype:  fringed_loosestrife__fringedloosestrife__Lysimachia_ciliatum  of North America
        subtype:  moneywort__creepingjenny__creeping_Charlie__Lysimachia_nummularia  a loosestrife vine
        subtype:  yellow_loosestrife__garden_loosestrife__Lysimachia_vulgaris  frequently considered a weed; Europe and Asia
        subtype:  swamp_candles__swampcandle__lysimachiaterrestri  North American plant with spikes of yellow flowers, found in wet places
        subtype:  whorled_loosestrife__whorledloosestrife__Lysimachia_quadrifolia  common North American yellow-flowered plant
     subtype:  plumbago  any plumbaginaceous plant of the genus Plumbago
     subtype:  gramineous_plant__graminaceous_plant  cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and narrow long-bladed leaves
        subtype:  grass__gras  narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay
           subtype:  beach_grass__beachgras  tough grasses with strong roots that can grow on exposed sandy shores
           subtype:  bunchgrass__bunch_grass__bunchgras  any of various grasses of many genera that grow in tufts or clumps rather than forming a sod or mat; chiefly of western United States
           subtype:  midgrass  any of various grasses of moderate height which covered the undisturbed prairie in the United States; includes most of the forage grasses of the temperate zone
           subtype:  shortgrass  any of various grasses that are short and can tolerate drought conditions; common on the dry upland plains just east of the Rocky Mountains
           subtype:  sword_grass__swordgras  any of various grasses or sedges having sword-shaped leaves with sharp edges
           subtype:  tallgrass__tallgras  any of various grasses that are tall and that flourish with abundant moisture
           subtype:  goat_grass__Aegilops_triuncalis  European grass naturalized as a weed in North America; sharp-pointed seeds cause injury when eaten by livestock
           subtype:  wheatgrass  a grass of the genus Agropyron
              subtype:  crested_wheatgrass__crested_wheat_grass__crestedwheatgras__fairwaycrestedwheatgras__Agropyron_cristatum  Eurasian grass grown in United States great plains area for forage and erosion control
              subtype:  dog_grass__doggras__couch_grass__couchgras__quackgrass__quack_grass__quackgras__quickgras__witch_grass__witchgrass__Agropyron_repens  European grass spreading rapidly by creeping rhizomes; naturalized in North America as a weed
              subtype:  bearded_wheatgrass__Agropyron_subsecundum  a wheatgrass with straight terminal awns on the flowering glumes
              subtype:  western_wheatgrass__bluestem_wheatgrass__Agropyron_smithii  valuable forage grass of western United States
              subtype:  intermediate_wheatgrass__Agropyron_intermedium__Elymus_hispidus  Asiatic grass introduced into United States rangelands for pasture and fodder
              subtype:  slender_wheatgrass__Agropyron_trachycaulum__Agropyron_pauciflorum__Elymus_trachycaulos  North American grass cultivated in western United States as excellent forage crop
           subtype:  bent_grass__bent__bentgrass__bentgras  grass for pastures and lawns especially bowling and putting greens
              subtype:  velvet_bent_grass__velvet_bent__brown_bent__brownbent__Rhode_Island_bent__dog_bent__dogbent__Agrostis_canina  common grass with slender stems and narrow leaves
              subtype:  cloud_grass__cloudgras__Agrostis_nebulosa  Spanish grass with light feathery panicles grown for dried bouquets
              subtype:  creeping_bent__creeping_bentgrass__Agrostis_palustris  common pasture or lawn grass spread by long runners
           subtype:  broom_grass__broomgras  any of several grasses of the genus Andropogon; used in broom making
              subtype:  broom_sedge__broomsedge__Andropogon_virginicus  tall tufted grass of southeastern United States
              subtype:  broom_beard_grass__broombeardgras__prairiegras__wiregras__andropogonscopariu__Schizachyrium_scoparium  handsome hardy North American grass with foliage turning pale bronze in autumn
           subtype:  tall_oat_grass__tall_meadow_grass__evergreen_grass__evergreengras__false_oat__falseoat__French_rye__Arrhenatherum_elatius  coarse perennial Eurasian grass resembling oat; found on roadside verges and rough grassland and in hay meadows; introduced in North America for forage
           subtype:  brome__bromegrass  any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions
              subtype:  awnless_bromegrass__Bromus_inermis  drought-resistant perennial with awns lacking or very short and long creeping rhizomes; Europe and temperate Asia
              subtype:  chess__ches__Bromus_secalinus  weedy annual native to Europe but widely distributed as a weed especially in wheat
              subtype:  downy_brome__downybrome__downy_bromegrass__downy_cheat__downycheat__downy_chess__downyches__cheatgrass__drooping_brome__Bromus_tectorum  annual or winter annual grass with softly hairy leaves of the Mediterranean
              subtype:  field_brome__fieldbrome__Bromus_arvensis  annual grass of Europe and temperate Asia
              subtype:  Japanese_brome__Japanese_chess__Bromus_japonicus  grass of Mediterranean and temperate Asia
           subtype:  grama_grass__gramagras__grama__gramma__gramma_grass  pasture grass of plains of South America and western North America
              subtype:  blue_grama__Bouteloua_gracilis  of western North America
              subtype:  black_grama__Bouteloua_eriopoda  especially of western coastal regions of North America
           subtype:  buffalo_grass__buffalogras__Buchloe_dactyloides  short grass growing on dry plains of central United States (where buffalo roam)
           subtype:  reed_grass  any of various tall perennial grasses of the genus Calamagrostis having feathery plumes; natives of marshland fens and wet woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere
              subtype:  feather_reed_grass__feathertop__Calamagrostis_acutiflora  a variety of reed grass
              subtype:  Australian_reed_grass__Calamagrostic_quadriseta  tall Australian reedlike grass sometimes used for hay
           subtype:  burgrass__bur_grass__burgras  a grass of the genus Cenchrus
              subtype:  buffel_grass__Cenchrus_ciliaris__Pennisetum_cenchroides  erect tussock-forming perennial bur grass used in especially in South Africa and Australia for pasture and forage
           subtype:  field_sandbur__fieldsandbur__sandbur__Cenchrus_tribuloides  grass of the eastern United States and tropical America having spikelets enclosed in prickly burs
           subtype:  finger_grass  any grass of the genus Chloris; occurs in short grassland especially on waste ground or poor soils
              subtype:  Rhodes_grass__Chloris_gayana  perennial grass of South Africa introduced into United States; cultivated as forage grass in dry regions
              subtype:  creeping_windmill_grass__windmill_grass__star_grass__Chloris_truncata  perennial Australian grass having numerous long spikes arranged like the vanes of a windmill
           subtype:  pampas_grass__Cortaderia_selloana  tall perennial grass of pampas of South America having silvery plumes and growing in large dense clumps
           subtype:  plumed_tussock__toe_toe__toetoe__Cortaderia_richardii__Arundo_richardii  tall grass of New Zealand grown for plumelike flower heads
           subtype:  Bermuda_grass__devil_grass__Bahama_grass__kweek__scutch_grass__star_grass__Cynodon_dactylon  trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India
           subtype:  giant_star_grass__Cynodon_plectostachyum  perennial grass having stems 3 to 4 feet high; used especially in Africa and India for pasture and hay
           subtype:  orchard_grass__orchardgras__cocksfoot__cockspur__Dactylis_glomerata  widely grown stout Old World hay and pasture grass
           subtype:  crabgrass__crabgras__crabgras__fingergras  grasses with creeping stems that root freely; a pest in lawns
              subtype:  Egyptian_grass__crowfoot_grass__Dactyloctenium_aegypticum  a creeping grass with spikes like fingers
              subtype:  smooth_crabgrass__Digitaria_ischaemum  a weed
              subtype:  large_crabgrass__largecrabgras__hairy_finger_grass__Digitaria_sanguinalis  a European forage grass grown for hay; a naturalized weed in United States
           subtype:  lyme_grass  a grass of the genus Elymus
              subtype:  giant_ryegrass__Elymus_condensatus__Leymus_condensatus  stout perennial grass of western North America
              subtype:  sea_lyme_grass__European_dune_grass__Elymus_arenarius__Leymus_arenaria  a dune grass of the Pacific seacoast used as a sand binder
           subtype:  wild_rye  any of several grasses of the genus Elymus
              subtype:  Canada_wild_rye__Elymus_canadensis  North American wild rye
              subtype:  Elymus_caput-medusae__medusa's_head  weedy rye grass having long bristling awns
           subtype:  love_grass__bay_grass__baygras  any of various grasses of the genus Eragrostis; useful especially for forage and prevention of erosion
              subtype:  teff_grass__teff__Eragrostis_tef__Eragrostic_abyssinica  an African grass economically important as a cereal grass (yielding white flower of good quality) as well as for forage and hay
              subtype:  weeping_love_grass__African_love_grass__Eragrostis_curvula  perennial South African grass having densely clumped flimsy stems; introduced into United States especially for erosion control
           subtype:  plume_grass__plumegras  a reedlike grass of the genus Erianthus having large plumes
              subtype:  Ravenna_grass__wool_grass__Erianthus_ravennae  grass often cultivated for its long white-ribbed leaves and large plumes resembling those of pampas grass
           subtype:  meadow_fescue__fescue__fescue_grass__Festuca_elatior  grass with wide flat leaves cultivated in Europe and America for permanent pasture and hay and for lawns
           subtype:  sheep_fescue__sheepfescue__sheep's_fescue__sheep'sfescue__Festuca_ovina  cultivated for sheep pasturage in upland regions or used as a lawn grass
           subtype:  silver_grass  of Australia and New Zealand
           subtype:  velvet_grass__Yorkshire_fog__Holcus_lanatus  tall European perennial grass having a velvety stem; naturalized in United States and used for forage
           subtype:  creeping_soft_grass__Holcus_mollis  European perennial grass with soft velvety foliage
           subtype:  rye_grass__ryegras__ryegrass  any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses
              subtype:  perennial_ryegrass__English_ryegrass__Lolium_perenne  European perennial grass widely cultivated for pasture and hay and as a lawn grass
              subtype:  Italian_ryegrass__Italian_rye__Lolium_multiflorum  European grass much used for hay and in United States also for turf and green manure
              subtype:  bearded_darnel__beardeddarnel__darnel__tare__cheat__Lolium_temulentum  weedy annual grass often occurs in grainfields and other cultivated land; seeds sometimes considered poisonous
           subtype:  nimblewill__nimble_Will__Muhlenbergia_schreberi  slender branching American grass of some value for grazing in central United States
           subtype:  dallisgrass__dallisgras__dallisgras__Paspalum_dilatatum  tall tufted perennial tropical American grass naturalized as pasture and forage grass in southern United States
           subtype:  Bahia_grass__Paspalum_notatum  perennial tropical American grass used as pasture grass in arid areas of Gulf states
           subtype:  knotgrass__knotgras__paspalumdistichum  low-growing weedy grass with spikelets along the leaf stems
           subtype:  fountain_grass__Pennisetum_ruppelii__Pennisetum_setaceum  tall perennial ornamental grass with long nodding flower plumes of tropical Africa and Asia
           subtype:  feathertop_grass__feathertop__Pennistum_villosum  northeastern tropical African plant having feathery panicles
           subtype:  reed_canary_grass__gardener's_garters__lady's_laces__ribbon_grass__Phalaris_arundinacea  perennial grass of marshy meadows and ditches having broad leaves; Europe and North America
           subtype:  canary_grass__birdseed_grass__Phalaris_canariensis  Canary Islands grass; seeds used as feed for caged birds
           subtype:  hardinggrass__Harding_grass__toowomba_canary_grass__Phalaris_aquatica__Phalaris_tuberosa  perennial grass of Australia and South Africa; introduced in North America as forage grass
           subtype:  herd's_grass__timothy__Phleum_pratense  grass with long cylindrical spikes frown in northern United States and Europe for hay
           subtype:  blue_grass__bluegrass__bluegras  any of various grasses of the genus Poa
              subtype:  Kentucky_bluegrass__Kentucky_blue__Kentucy_blue_grass__June_grass__Poa_pratensis  valuable meadow and pasture grass in Europe and especially central United States having tall stalks and slender bright green leaves; a chief constituent in lawn grass mixtures
           subtype:  meadowgrass__meadow_grass  any of various grasses that thrive in the presence of abundant moisture
              subtype:  foxtail__foxtail_grass__foxtailgras  grasses of the genera Alopecurus and Setaria having dense silky or bristly brushlike flowering spikes
                 subtype:  meadow_foxtail__Alopecurus_pratensis  stout erect perennial grass of northern parts of Old World having silky flowering spikes; widely cultivated for pasture and hay; naturalized in North America
                 subtype:  bristlegrass__bristle_grass__bristlegras  grasses of grasslands and woodlands having large gracefully arching spikes with long bristles beneath each spikelet
                 subtype:  giant_foxtail__giantfoxtail  two species of coarse annual foxtails that are naturalized weeds in United States
                 subtype:  yellow_bristlegrass__yellow_bristle_grass__yellow_foxtail__glaucous_bristlegrass__Setaria_glauca  common weedy and bristly grass found in nearly all temperate areas
                 subtype:  green_bristlegrass__green_foxtail__greenfoxtail__rough_bristlegrass__bottlegrass__bottlegras__bottlegras__setariaviridi  European foxtail naturalized in North America; often a troublesome weed
                 subtype:  foxtail_millet__foxtailmillet__Italian_millet__Hungarian_grass__Setaria_italica  coarse drought-resistant annual grass grown for grain, hay and forage in Europe and Asia and chiefly for forage and hay in United States
                    subtype:  Siberian_millet__Setaria_italica_rubrofructa  millet having orange to reddish grains in long bristly spikes
                    subtype:  German_millet__golden_wonder_millet__Setaria_italica_stramineofructa  millet having yellow grains in large drooping spikes
              subtype:  manna_grass__mannagras__sweet_grass__sweetgras  any of several moisture-loving grasses of the genus Glyceria having sweet flavor or odor
                 subtype:  reed_meadow_grass__Glyceria_grandis  a pasture grass of moist places throughout North America
              subtype:  wood_meadowgrass__Poa_nemoralis__Agrostis_alba  slender European grass of shady places; grown also in northeastern America and temperate Asia
           subtype:  munj__munja__Saccharum_bengalense__Saccharum_munja  tough Asiatic grass whose culms are used for ropes and baskets
           subtype:  bluestem__blue_stem__Andropogon_furcatus__Andropogon_gerardii  tall grass with smooth bluish leaf sheaths grown for hay in the United States
           subtype:  cordgrass__cordgras__cordgras  any of several perennial grasses of the genus Spartina; some important as coastal soil binders
              subtype:  salt_reed_grass__Spartina_cynosuroides  tall reedlike grass common in salt meadows
              subtype:  prairie_cordgrass__prairiecordgras__freshwater_cordgrass__slough_grass__Spartina_pectinmata  North American cordgrass having leaves with dry membranous margins and glumes with long awns
           subtype:  dropseed  a grass of the genus Sporobolus
              subtype:  smut_grass__blackseed__carpet_grass__Sporobolus_poiretii  grass native to West Indies but common in southern United States having tufted wiry stems often infested with a dark fungus
              subtype:  sand_dropseed__Sporobolus_cryptandrus  erect smooth grass of sandy places in eastern North America
           subtype:  rushgrass__rushgras  grass having wiry stems and sheathed panicles
           subtype:  St._Augustine_grass__Stenotaphrum_secundatum__buffalo_grass__buffalogras  low mat-forming grass of southern United States and tropical America; grown as a lawn grass
           subtype:  cereal_grass__cereal  grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet
              subtype:  oat  annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: `oats')
                 subtype:  cereal_oat__Avena_sativa  widely cultivated in temperate regions for its edible grains
                 subtype:  wild_oat_grass__wild_oat__Avena_fatua  common in meadows and pastures
                 subtype:  slender_wild_oat__Avena_barbata  oat of southern Europe and southwestern Asia
                 subtype:  wild_red_oat__animated_oat__Avene_sterilis  Mediterranean oat held to be progenitor of modern cultivated oat
              subtype:  barley  cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain
                 subtype:  common_barley__Hordeum_vulgare  grass yielding grain used for for breakfast food, animal feed and in malt beverages
                 subtype:  barley_grass__wall_barley__Hordeum_murinum  European annual grass often found as a weed in waste ground especially along roadsides and hedgerows
                 subtype:  squirreltail_barley__foxtail_barley__foxtailbarley__squirreltail_grass__Hordeum_jubatum  barley grown for its highly ornamental flower heads with delicate long silky awns; North America and northeastern Asia
                 subtype:  little_barley__Hordeum_pusillum  annual barley native to western North America and widespread in southern United States and tropical America
              subtype:  rice.cereal_grass  annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses; seed used for food; straw used for paper
                 subtype:  cultivated_rice__Oryza_sativa  yields the staple food of 50 percent of world's population
              subtype:  ricegrass__ricegras__ricegras  any grass of the genus Oryzopsis
                 subtype:  mountain_rice__silkgrass__silkgras__silkgras__indianmillet__Oryzopsis_hymenoides  valuable forage grass of dry upland areas and plains of western North America to northern Mexico
                 subtype:  smilo_grass__smilogras__smilo__Oryzopsis_miliacea  perennial mountain rice native to Mediterranean region and introduced into North America
              subtype:  pearl_millet__pearlmillet__bulrush_millet__bulrushmillet__cattail_millet__cattailmillet__Pennisetum_glaucum__Pennisetum_Americanum  tall grass having cattail like spikes; grown in Africa and Asia for its grain and in the United States chiefly for forage; sometimes used in making beer
              subtype:  Secale_cereale__rye  hardy annual cereal grass widely cultivated in northern Europe where its grain is the chief ingredient of black bread and in North America for forage and soil improvement
              subtype:  millet  any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine
                 subtype:  barnyard_grass__barn_grass__barn_millet__Echinochloa_crusgalli  a coarse annual panic grass; a cosmopolitan weed; occasionally used for hay or grazing
                 subtype:  Japanese_millet__billion-dollar_grass__Japanese_barnyard_millet__sanwa_millet__sanwamillet__Echinochloa_frumentacea  coarse annual grass cultivated in Japan and southeastern Asia for its edible seeds and for forage; important wildlife food in United States
                 subtype:  yardgrass__yardgras__yardgras__wiregras__goosegras__Eleusine_indica  coarse annual grass having fingerlike spikes of flowers; native to Old World tropics; a naturalized weed elsewhere
                 subtype:  finger_millet__ragi__ragee__African_millet__coracan__corakan__kurakkan__Eleusine_coracana  East Indian cereal grass whose seed yield a somewhat bitter flour, a staple in the Orient
                 subtype:  panic_grass__panicgras  any grass of the genus Panicum; grown for grain and fodder
                    subtype:  old_witchgrass__witchgrass__witch_grass__old_witch_grass__oldwitchgras__tumblegras__panicumcapillare  North American grass with slender brushy panicles; often a weed on cultivated land
                    subtype:  switch_grass__Panicum_virgatum  grass of western America used for hay
                    subtype:  broomcorn_millet__broomcornmillet__millet__hog_millet__hogmillet__Panicum_miliaceum  extensively cultivated in Europe and Asia for its grain and in United States sometimes for forage
                    subtype:  Texas_millet__goose_grass__goosegras__Panicum_Texanum  annual weedy grass used for hay
                 subtype:  sorghum  economically important Old World tropical cereal grass
                    subtype:  great_millet__greatmillet__kaffir__kafir_corn__kafircorn__kaffir_corn__Sorghum_bicolor  important for human and animal food; growth habit and stem form similar to Indian corn but having sawtooth-edged leaves
                    subtype:  grain_sorghum__grainsorghum  any of several sorghums cultivated primarily for grain
                       subtype:  durra__doura__dourah__Egyptian_corn__Indian_millet__Guinea_corn  sorghums of dry regions of Asia and North Africa
                       subtype:  feterita__federita__Sorghum_vulgare_caudatum  a Sudanese sorghum having exceptionally large soft white grains
                       subtype:  hegari  Sudanese sorghums having white seeds; one variety grown in southwestern United States
                       subtype:  kaoliang  sorghums of China and Manchuria having small white or brown grains (used for food) and dry pithy stalks (used for fodder, fuel and thatching)
                       subtype:  milo_maize__milo  small drought-resistant sorghums having large yellow or whitish grains
                       subtype:  shallu__Sorghum_vulgare_rosburghii  sorghum having slender dry stalks and small hard grains; introduced into United States from India
                    subtype:  sorgo__sorgho__sweet_sorghum__sweetsorghum__sugar_sorghum__sugarsorghum  any of several sorghums cultivated as a source of syrup
                    subtype:  Johnson_grass__Aleppa_grass__means_grass__meansgras__evergreen_millet__evergreenmillet__Sorghum_halepense__Sorghum_halapense  tall perennial grass that spreads by creeping rhizomes and is grown for fodder; naturalized in southern United States where it is a serious pest on cultivated land
                    subtype:  broomcorn__Sorghum_vulgare_technicum  tall grasses grown for the elongated stiff-branched panicle used for brooms and brushes
              subtype:  wheat__corn  annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains
                 subtype:  Triticum_durum__durum__durum_wheat__durumwheat__hard_wheat__Triticum_turgidum__maccaroni_wheat__maccaroniwheat  wheat with hard dark-colored kernels high in gluten and used for bread and pasta; grown especially in southern Russia, North Africa, and northern central North America
                 subtype:  soft_wheat  wheat with soft starch kernels used in pastry and breakfast cereals
                 subtype:  common_wheat__Triticum_aestivum  widely cultivated in temperate regions in many varieties for its commercially important grain
                 subtype:  spelt__Triticum_spelta__Triticum_aestivum_spelta  hardy wheat grown mostly in Europe for livestock feed
                 subtype:  emmer__starchwheat__two-grain_spelt__twograinspelt__Triticum_dicoccum  hard red wheat grown especially in Russia and Germany; in United States as stock feed
                 subtype:  wild_wheat__wild_emmer__Triticum_dicoccum_dicoccoides  found wild in Palestine; held to be prototype of cultivated wheat
              subtype:  Indian_corn__corn__maize__Zea_mays  tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times
                 subtype:  field_corn__fieldcorn  corn grown primarily for animal feed or market grain
                    subtype:  dent_corn__Zea_mays_indentata  corn whose kernels contain both hard and soft starch and become indented at maturity
                    subtype:  flint_corn__flintcorn__flint_maize__flintmaize__Yankee_corn__Zea_mays_indurata  corn having kernels with a hard outer layer enclosing the soft endosperm
                    subtype:  soft_corn__flour_corn__flourcorn__squaw_corn__squawcorn__Zea_mays_amylacea  corn having kernels almost entirely of soft starch
                 subtype:  sweet_corn_plant__sweet_corn__sweetcorn__sugar_corn__sugarcorn__green_corn__greencorn__Zea_mays_rugosa__Zea_saccharata  corn whose young ears are sweet and suitable for eating as a vegetable
                 subtype:  Zea_mays_everta__popcorn  corn having small ears and kernels that burst when exposed to dry heat
              subtype:  wild_rice__Zizania_aquatica  perennial aquatic grass of North America bearing grain used for food
           subtype:  zoysia  any of several creeping grasses of the genus Zoysia
              subtype:  Manila_grass__Japanese_carpet_grass__Zoysia_matrella  lawn grass common in the Philippines; grown also in United States
              subtype:  Korean_lawn_grass__Japanese_lawn_grass__Zoysia_japonica  lawn grass common in China and Japan; grown also in United States
              subtype:  mascarene_grass__mascarenegras__Korean_velvet_grass__Zoysia_tenuifolia  Asiatic creeping perennial grass; introduced in southern United States as a drought-resistant lawn grass
        subtype:  Saccharum_officinarum__sugarcane__sugar_cane__sugarcane  tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar
           subtype:  noble_cane__noblecane  sugarcanes representing the highest development of the species; characterized by large juicy stalks with soft rinds and high sugar content
        subtype:  reed.gramineous_plant  tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites
           subtype:  toetoe__toitoi__Arundo_conspicua__Chionochloa_conspicua  used by Maoris for thatching
           subtype:  giant_reed__giantreed__Arundo_donax  large rhizomatous perennial grasses found by riversides and in ditches having jointed stems and large gray-white feathery panicles
           subtype:  ditch_reed__ditchreed__common_reed__carrizo__Phragmites_communis  tall North American reed having relative wide leaves and large plumelike panicles; widely distributed in moist areas; used for mats, screens and arrow shafts
        subtype:  bamboo  woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems; mature canes used for construction and furniture
           subtype:  common_bamboo__Bambusa_vulgaris  extremely vigorous bamboo having thin-walled culms striped green and yellow; so widely cultivated that native area is uncertain
           subtype:  giant_cane__giantcane__cane_reed__Arundinaria_gigantea  tall grass of southern United States growing in thickets
           subtype:  small_cane__smallcane__switch_cane__Arundinaria_tecta  small cane of watery or moist areas in southern United States
           subtype:  giant_bamboo__giantbamboo__kyo-chiku__kyochiku__Dendrocalamus_giganteus  immense tropical southeast Asian bamboo with tough hollow culms that resemble tree trunks
           subtype:  fishpole_bamboo__gosan-chiku__gosanchiku__hotei-chiku__hoteichiku__Phyllostachys_aurea  small bamboo of southeastern China having slender culms flexuous when young
           subtype:  black_bamboo__blackbamboo__kuri-chiku__Phyllostachys_nigra  small bamboo having thin green culms turning shining black
           subtype:  giant_timber_bamboo__madake__ku-chiku__Phyllostachys_bambusoides  large bamboo having thick-walled culms; native of China and perhaps Japan; widely brown elsewhere
     subtype:  herbage__pasturage  succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land
     subtype:  bur_reed__burreed  marsh plant having elongated linear leaves and round prickly fruit
     subtype:  lobelia  any plant or flower of the genus Lobelia
        subtype:  cardinal_flower__Indian_pink__Lobelia_cardinalis  North American lobelia having brilliant red flowers
        subtype:  Indian_tobacco__bladderpod__Lobelia_inflata  North American wild lobelia having small blue flowers and inflated capsules formerly used as an antispasmodic
        subtype:  water_lobelia__waterlobelia__Lobelia_dortmanna  erect perennial aquatic herb of Europe and North America having submerged spongy leaves and pendulous racemes of blue flowers above the water
        subtype:  great_lobelia__greatlobelia__blue_cardinal_flower__Lobelia_siphilitica  tall erect and very leafy perennial herb of eastern North America having dense spikes of blue flowers
     subtype:  okra_plant__okra__gumbo__lady's-finger__Abelmoschus_esculentus__Hibiscus_esculentus  tall coarse annual of Old World tropics widely cultivated in southern United States and West Indies for its long mucilaginous green pods used as basis for soups and stews; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus
     subtype:  vegetable  any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower
        subtype:  common_beet__beet__Beta_vulgaris  biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop
           subtype:  beetroot__Beta_vulgaris_rubra  beet having a massively swollen red root; widely grown for human consumption
           subtype:  chard_plant__chard__swisschard__spinach_beet__spinachbeet__leafbeet__Beta_vulgaris_cicla  beet lacking swollen root; grown as a vegetable for its edible leaves and stalks
           subtype:  mangold-wurzel__mangoldwurzel__mangel-wurzel__mangold__betavulgarisvulgari  beet with a large yellowish root; grown chiefly as cattle feed
           subtype:  sugar_beet.common_beet__sugarbeet  form of the common beet having a sweet white root from which sugar is obtained
        subtype:  prickly-seeded_spinach__spinach__spinachplant__Spinacia_oleracea  southwestern Asian plant widely cultivated for its succulent edible dark green leaves
        subtype:  artichoke_plant__artichokeplant__artichoke__globe_artichoke__globeartichoke__Cynara_scolymus  Mediterranean thistlelike plant widely cultivated for its large edible flower head
        subtype:  Cynara_cardunculus__cardoon  southern European plant having spiny leaves and purple flowers cultivated for its edible leafstalks and roots
     subtype:  simple  (archaic) any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties
     subtype:  galax__galaxy__cold's_foot__wandflower__beetleweed__Galax_urceolata  tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall
     subtype:  wintergreen__pyrola  any of several evergreen perennials of the genus Pyrola
        subtype:  false_wintergreen__falsewintergreen__Pyrola_americana__Pyrola_rotundifolia_americana  evergreen of eastern North America with leathery leaves and numerous white flowers
        subtype:  lesser_wintergreen__Pyrola_minor  the common wintergreen having many-flowered racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; Europe and North America
        subtype:  shinleaf__wild_lily_of_the_valley__Pyrola_elliptica  North American evergreen with small pinkish bell-shaped flowers and oblong leaves used formerly for shinplasters
        subtype:  wild_lily_of_the_valley__Pyrola_rotundifolia  evergreen with rounded leaves and very fragrant creamy-white flowers; widely distributed in northern parts of Old and New Worlds
     subtype:  pipsissewa__prince's_pine  any of several plants of the genus Chimaphila
        subtype:  love-in-winter__western_prince's_pine__Chimaphila_umbellata__Chimaphila_corymbosa  Eurasian herb with white or pinkish flowers in a terminal corymb
     subtype:  one-flowered_wintergreen__one-flowered_pyrola__Moneses_uniflora__Pyrola_uniflora  delicate evergreen dwarf herb of north temperate regions having a solitary white terminal flower; sometimes placed in genus Pyrola
     subtype:  American_columbo__columbo__deer's-ear__deer's-ears__pyramid_plant__pyramidplant__American_gentian  any of various tall perennial herbs constituting the genus Frasera; widely distributed in warm dry upland areas of the United States Pacific states
     subtype:  green_gentian__greengentian__Frasera_speciosa__Swertia_speciosa  tall herb with panicles of white flowers flushed with green; northwestern United States; sometimes placed in genus Swertia
     subtype:  marsh_felwort__marshfelwort__Swertia_perennia  perennial of damp places in mountains of Eurasia and North America having dull-colored blue or violet flowers
     subtype:  bloodwort  any of various plants of the family Haemodoraceae; roots contain a deep red coloring matter
     subtype:  kangaroo_paw__kangaroo's-foot__kangaroo-foot_plant__Australian_sword_lily__Anigozanthus_manglesii  sedgelike spring-flowering herb having clustered flowers covered with woolly hairs; Australia
     subtype:  willowherb  a plant of the genus Epilobium having pink or yellow flowers and seeds with silky hairs
        subtype:  fireweed__giant_willowherb__giantwillowherb__rosebay_willowherb__rosebaywillowherb__wickup__Epilobium_angustifolium  tall North American perennial with creeping rootstocks and narrow leaves and spikes of pinkish-purple flowers occurring in great abundance in burned-over areas or recent clearings; an important honey plant
        subtype:  hairy_willowherb__hairywillowherb__codlins-and-cream__codlinsandcream__Epilobium_hirsutum  plant of Europe and Asia having purplish-red flowers and hairy stems and leaves; introduced into North America
     subtype:  evening_primrose__eveningprimrose  any of several plants of the family Onagraceae
        subtype:  enchanter's_nightshade__enchanter'snightshade  any of several erect perennial rhizomatous herbs of the genus Circaea having white flowers that open at dawn; northern hemisphere
           subtype:  Alpine_enchanter's_nightshade__Circaea_alpina  an Alpine variety of enchanter's nightshade
           subtype:  Circaea_lutetiana  tall evening primrose with inconspicuous flowers
        subtype:  common_evening_primrose__German_rampion__Oenothera_biennis  a coarse biennial of eastern North America with yellow flowers that open in the evening; naturalized in Europe
        subtype:  sundrops__Oenothera_fruticosa  a day-flowering biennial or perennial of the genus Oenothera
        subtype:  Missouri_primrose__Ozark_sundrops__Oenothera_macrocarpa  evening-opening primrose of south central United States
     subtype:  canna  any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers
        subtype:  canna_lily__cannalily__Canna_generalis  plants grown for their large bright yellow to red flowers
        subtype:  achira__indian_shot__arrowroot__cannaindica__cannaeduli  canna grown especially for its edible rootstock from which arrowroot starch is obtained
     subtype:  maranta  any of numerous herbs of the genus Maranta having tuberous starchy roots and large sheathing leaves
        subtype:  American_arrowroot__arrowroot__obedienceplant__Maranta_arundinaceae  white-flowered West Indian plant whose root yields arrowroot starch
     subtype:  banana_tree__banana  any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits
        subtype:  dwarf_banana__dwarfbanana__Musa_acuminata  low-growing Asian banana tree cultivated especially in the West Indies for its clusters of edible yellow fruit
        subtype:  Japanese_banana__Musa_basjoo  Asiatic banana plant cultivated especially as a foliage plant in Japan
        subtype:  plantain_tree__plantain__Musa_paradisiaca  a banana tree bearing hanging clusters of edible angular greenish starchy fruits; tropics and subtropics
        subtype:  edible_banana__Musa_paradisiaca_sapientum  widely cultivated species of banana trees bearing compact hanging clusters of commercially important edible yellow fruit
        subtype:  abaca__manilahemp__Musa_textilis  Philippine banana tree having leafstalks that yield Manila hemp used for rope and paper etc
     subtype:  Abyssinian_banana__Ethiopian_banana__Ensete_ventricosum__Musa_ensete  large evergreen arborescent herb having huge paddle-shaped leaves and bearing inedible fruit that resemble bananas but edible young flower shoots; sometimes placed in genus Musa
     subtype:  Strelitzia_reginae__bird_of_paradise  ornamental plant of tropical South Africa and South America having stalks of orange and purplish-blue flowers resembling a bird
     subtype:  ginger  perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems
        subtype:  common_ginger__Canton_ginger__stem_ginger__Zingiber_officinale  tropical Asian plant widely cultivated for its pungent root; source of gingerroot and powdered ginger
        subtype:  galangal__Alpinia_galanga  southeastern Asian perennial with aromatic roots
        subtype:  lesser_galangal__Alpinia_officinarum__Alpinia_officinalis  Chinese perennial with pyramidal racemes of rose-veined white flowers and pungent aromatic roots used medicinally and as flavoring
        subtype:  red_ginger__redginger__Alpinia_purpurata  an ornamental ginger native to Pacific islands
        subtype:  shell_ginger__shellginger__shellflower__Alpinia_Zerumbet__Alpinia_speciosa__Languas_speciosa  cultivated for its shining oblong leaves and arching clusters of white flowers with shell-pink shading and crinkled yellow lip with variegated magenta stripes
     subtype:  Curcuma_longa__turmeric__Curcuma_domestica  widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye
     subtype:  grains_of_paradise__Guinea_grains__Guinea_pepper__melagueta_pepper__melaguetapepper__Aframomum_melegueta  West African plant bearing pungent peppery seeds
     subtype:  cardamom__cardamon__Elettaria_cardamomum  rhizomatous herb of India having aromatic seeds used as seasoning
     subtype:  reseda  any plant of the genus Reseda
        subtype:  mignonette__sweet_reseda__sweetreseda__Reseda_odorata  Mediterranean woody annual widely cultivated for its dense terminal spikelike clusters greenish or yellowish white flowers having an intense spicy fragrance
        subtype:  dyer's_rocket__dyer's_mignonette__weld__Reseda_luteola  European mignonette cultivated as a source of yellow dye; naturalized in North America
     subtype:  viola  any of the numerous plants of the genus Viola
        subtype:  violet  any of numerous low-growing small-flowered violas
           subtype:  American_dog_violet__Viola_conspersa  violet of eastern North America having pale violet to white flowers
           subtype:  sweet_white_violet__sweetwhiteviolet__white_violet__whiteviolet__woodland_white_violet__Viola_blanda  short-stemmed violet of eastern North America having fragrant purple-veined white flowers
           subtype:  Canada_violet__tall_white_violet__white_violet__whiteviolet__Viola_canadensis  tall North American perennial with heart-shaped leaves and purple-streaked white flowers
           subtype:  dog_violet__dogviolet__heath_violet__heathviolet__Viola_canina  Old World leafy-stemmed blue-flowered violet
           subtype:  two-eyed_violet__heartsease__Viola_ocellata  violet of Pacific coast of North America having white petals tinged with yellow and deep violet
           subtype:  sweet_violet__sweetviolet__garden_violet__English_violet__Viola_odorata  European violet typically having purple to white flowers; widely naturalized
           subtype:  bird's-foot_violet__pansy_violet__pansyviolet__Johnny-jump-up__wood_violet__Viola_pedata  common violet of the eastern United States with large pale blue or purple flowers resembling pansies
           subtype:  downy_yellow_violet__Viola_pubescens  violet of eastern North America having softly pubescent leaves and stems and clear yellow flowers with brown-purple veins
           subtype:  long-spurred_violet__Viola_rostrata  violet of eastern North America having lilac-purple flowers with a long slender spur
           subtype:  pale_violet__striped_violet__stripedviolet__cream_violet__creamviolet__violastriata  leafy-stemmed violet of eastern North America having large white or creamy flowers faintly marked with purple
           subtype:  hedge_violet__hedgeviolet__wood_violet__Viola_sylvatica__Viola_reichenbachiana  common European violet that grows in woods and hedgerows
        subtype:  field_pansy__fieldpansy__heartsease__Viola_arvensis  common Old World viola with creamy often violet-tinged flowers
        subtype:  horned_violet__tufted_pansy__Viola_cornuta  European viola with an unusually long corolla spur
        subtype:  Viola_tricolor_hortensis__pansy  large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors
        subtype:  wild_pansy__Johnny-jump-up__heartsease__love-in-idleness__pink_of_my_John__Viola_tricolor  a common and long cultivated European herb from which most common garden pansies are derived
     subtype:  false_nettle__falsenettle__bog_hemp__boghemp  any of several flowering weeds of the genus Boehmeria lacking stinging hairs
        subtype:  ramie__ramee__Chinese_silk_plant__China_grass__Boehmeria_nivea  tall perennial herb of tropical Asia with dark green leaves; cultivated for the fiber from its woody stems that resembles flax
     subtype:  pellitory-of-the-wall__wall_pellitory__pellitory__Parietaria_difussa  herb that grows in crevices having long narrow leaves and small pink apetalous flowers
     subtype:  kniphofia__tritoma__flameflower  a plant of the genus Kniphofia having long grasslike leaves and tall scapes of red or yellow drooping flowers
        subtype:  poker_plant__Kniphofia_uvaria  clump-forming plant of South Africa with spikes of scarlet flowers
           subtype:  red-hot_poker__redhotpoker__Kniphofia_praecox  widely cultivated hybrid poker plant
     subtype:  edible_asparagus__asparagus__asparagu__Asparagus_officinales  plant whose succulent young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable
     subtype:  asparagus_fern__asparagusfern__Asparagus_setaceous__Asparagus_plumosus  a fernlike plant native to South Africa
     subtype:  aspidistra__cast-iron_plant__bar-room_plant__Aspidistra_elatio  evergreen perennial with large handsome basal leaves; grown primarily as a foliage houseplant
     subtype:  climbing_onion__Bowiea_volubilis  much-branched leafless twining South African herb cultivated as an ornamental for its bright green stems growing from large above-ground bulbs
     subtype:  plantain_lily__day_lily__daylily  any of numerous perennials having mounds of sumptuous broad ribbed leaves and clusters of white, blue, or lilac flowers; used as ground cover
     subtype:  herb_Paris__Paris_quadrifolia  European herb with yellow-green flowers resembling and closely related to the trilliums; reputed to be poisonous
     subtype:  pia__indianarrowroot__Tacca_leontopetaloides__Tacca_pinnatifida  perennial herb of East India to Polynesia and Australia cultivated for its large edible root yielding Otaheite arrowroot starch
     subtype:  flax  plant of the genus Linum that is cultivated for its seeds and for the fibers of its stem
     subtype:  wild_senna__Senna_marilandica__Cassia_marilandica  North American perennial herb; leaves are used medicinally; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
     subtype:  kidney_vetch__Anthyllis_vulneraria  perennial Eurasian herb having heads of red or yellow flowers and common in meadows and pastures; formerly used medicinally for kidney disorders
     subtype:  crotalaria__rattlebox  any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops
        subtype:  American_rattlebox__Crotalaria_sagitallis  tropical American annual herb having an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle
        subtype:  Indian_rattlebox__Crotalaria_spectabilis  erect subshrub having purple-tinted flowers and an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle; India
     subtype:  prairie_mimosa__prairiemimosa__prickle-weed__prickleweed__Desmanthus_ilinoensis  perennial herb of North American prairies having dense heads of small white flowers
     subtype:  goat_rue__goat's_rue__Galega_officinalis  tall bushy European perennial grown for its masses of light-textured pinnate foliage and slender spikes of blue flowers; sometimes used medicinally
     subtype:  Glycyrrhiza_glabra__licorice__liquorice  deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots
     subtype:  wild_licorice__wild_liquorice__American_licorice__American_liquorice__Glycyrrhiza_lepidota  North American plant similar to true licorice and having a root with similar properties
     subtype:  winged_pea__asparagus_pea__asparaguspea__Lotus_tetragonolobus  sprawling European annual having a 4-winged edible pod
     subtype:  medic__medick__trefoil  any of several Old World herbs of the genus Medicago having small flowers and trifoliate compound leaves
        subtype:  moon_trefoil__Medicago_arborea  evergreen shrub of southern European highlands having downy foliage and a succession of yellow flowers throughout the summer followed by curious snail-shaped pods
        subtype:  sickle_alfalfa__sickle_lucerne__sickle_medick__Medicago_falcata  European medic naturalized in North America having yellow flowers and sickle-shaped pods
        subtype:  Calvary_clover__Medicago_intertexta__Medicago_echinus  an annual of the Mediterranean area having spiny seed pods and leaves with dark spots
        subtype:  black_medick__blackmedick__hop_clover__hopclover__yellow_trefoil__nonesuch_clover__Medicago_lupulina  prostrate European herb with small yellow flowers and curved black pods; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  lucerne__alfalfa__Medicago_sativa  important European leguminous forage plant with trifoliate leaves and blue-violet flowers grown widely as a pasture and hay crop
     subtype:  sainfoin__sanfoin__holy_clover__esparcet__Onobrychis_viciifolia__Onobrychis_viciaefolia  Eurasian perennial herb having pale pink flowers and curved pods; naturalized in Britain and North America grasslands on calcareous soils; important forage crop and source of honey in Britain
     subtype:  shamrock_pea__Parochetus_communis  trailing trifoliate Asiatic and African herb having cobalt blue flowers
     subtype:  Indian_breadroot__breadroot__pomme_blanche__pommeblanche__pomme_de_prairie__Psoralea_esculenta  densely hairy perennial of central North America having edible tuberous roots
     subtype:  bush_pea  any of various plants of the genus Thermopsis having trifoliate leaves and yellow or purple racemose flowers
        subtype:  false_lupine__falselupine__golden_pea__yellow_pea__Thermopsis_macrophylla  western United States bushy herb having yellow pealike flowers
        subtype:  Carolina_lupine__Thermopsis_villosa  eastern United States bush pea
     subtype:  bird's_foot_trefoil__Trigonella_ornithopodioides  Old World herb related to fenugreek
     subtype:  fenugreek__Greek_clover__Trigonella_foenumgraecum  annual herb or southern Europe and eastern Asia having off-white flowers and aromatic seeds used medicinally and in curry
     subtype:  plantain  any of numerous plants of the genus Plantago; mostly small roadside or dooryard weeds with elliptic leaves and small spikes of very small flowers; seeds of some used medicinally
        subtype:  English_plantain__narrow-leaved_plantain__ribgrass__ribwort__ripple-grass__buckthorn__Plantago_lanceolata  an Old World plantain with long narrow ribbed leaves widely established in temperate regions
        subtype:  broad-leaved_plantain__common_plantain__white-man's_foot__whiteman'sfoot__whiteman's_foot__cart-track_plant__Plantago_major  common European perennial naturalized worldwide; a troublesome weed
        subtype:  Plantago_media__hoary_plantain__hoaryplantain  widely distributed Old World perennial naturalized in North America having finely hairy leaves and inconspicuous white fragrant flowers
        subtype:  fleawort__psyllium__Spanish_psyllium__Plantago_psyllium  plantain of Mediterranean regions whose seeds swell and become gelatinous when moist and are used as a mild laxative
        subtype:  rugel's_plantain__rugel'splantain__broad-leaved_plantain__Plantago_rugelii  North American plantain having reddish leafstalks and broad leaves
        subtype:  hoary_plantain__hoaryplantain__Plantago_virginica  North American annual or biennial with long soft hairs on the leaves
     subtype:  Polygonum_fagopyrum__buckwheat__Fagopyrum_esculentum  or member of genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour
     subtype:  rhubarb_plant__rhubarbplant__rhubarb  plants having long green or reddish acidic leafstalks growing in basal clumps; stems (and only the stems) are edible when cooked; leaves are poisonous
        subtype:  Himalayan_rhubarb__Indian_rhubarb__red-veined_pie_plant__Rheum_australe__Rheum_emodi  Asian herb (Himalayas)
        subtype:  pie_plant__pieplant__garden_rhubarb__Rheum_cultorum__Rheum_rhabarbarum__Rheum_rhaponticum  long-cultivated hybrid of Rheum palmatum; stems often cooked in pies or as sauce or preserves
        subtype:  Chinese_rhubarb__Rheum_palmatum  long used for laxative properties
     subtype:  sour_grass__dock__sorrel  any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine
        subtype:  sour_dock__garden_sorrel__Rumex_acetosa  European sorrel with large slightly acidic sagittate leaves grown throughout north temperate zone for salad and spring greens
        subtype:  sheep_sorrel__sheepsorrel__sheep's_sorrel__sheep'ssorrel__Rumex_acetosella  small plant having pleasantly acid-tasting arrow-shaped leaves; common in dry places
        subtype:  bitter_dock__broad-leaved_dock__yellow_dock__Rumex_obtusifolius  European dock with broad obtuse leaves and bitter rootstock common as a weed in North America
        subtype:  garden_sorrel__French_sorrel__Rumex_scutatus  low perennial with small silvery-green ovate to hastate leaves
     subtype:  spiderwort__dayflower  any plant of the family Commelinaceae
        subtype:  St.-Bruno's-lily__Paradisea_liliastrum  a variety of spiderwort
     subtype:  pineapple_plant__pineappleplant__pineapple__Ananas_comosus  a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics
     subtype:  agrimonia__agrimony  a plant of the genus Agrimony having spikelike clusters of small yellow flowers
        subtype:  harvest-lice__harvestlice__Agrimonia_eupatoria  erect perennial Old World herb of dry grassy habitats
        subtype:  fragrant_agrimony__Agrimonia_procera  fragrant European perennial herb found at woodland margins on moist soils
     subtype:  strawberry  any of various low perennial herbs with many runners and bearing white flowers followed by edible fruits having many small achenes scattered on the surface of an enlarged red pulpy berry
        subtype:  garden_strawberry__cultivated_strawberry__Fragaria_ananassa  widely cultivated
        subtype:  wild_strawberry__wood_strawberry__Fragaria_vesca  Europe
        subtype:  beach_strawberry__beachstrawberry__Chilean_strawberry__Fragaria_chiloensis  wild strawberry of western United States and South America; source of many varieties of cultivated strawberries
        subtype:  Virginia_strawberry__scarlet_strawberry__scarletstrawberry__Fragaria_virginiana  North American wild strawberry with sweet scarlet fruit; a source of many cultivated strawberries
     subtype:  burnet_bloodwort__salad_burnet__saladburnet__Poterium_sanguisorba  European garden herb with purple-tinged flowers and leaves that are sometimes used for salads
     subtype:  bedstraw  any of several plants of the genus Galium
        subtype:  fragrant_bedstraw__sweet_woodruff__sweetwoodruff__waldmeister__woodruff__Galium_odoratum__Asperula_odorata  Old World fragrant stoloniferous perennial having small white flowers and narrow leaves used as flavoring and in sachets; widely cultivated as a ground cover; in some classifications placed in genus Asperula
        subtype:  Northern_bedstraw__Northern_snow_bedstraw__Galium_boreale  North American stoloniferous perennial having white flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental
        subtype:  yellow_bedstraw__yellow_cleavers__Our_Lady's_bedstraw__Galium_verum  common yellow-flowered perennial bedstraw; North America and Europe and Asia
        subtype:  Galium_lanceolatum__wild_licorice  bedstraw with sweetish roots
        subtype:  spring_cleavers__cleavers__clivers__cliver__goose_grass__goosegras__catchweed__Galium_aparine  annual having the stem beset with curved prickles; North America and Europe and Asia
        subtype:  wild_madder__white_madder__whitemadder__white_bedstraw__whitebedstraw__infant's-breath__false_baby's_breath__Galium_mollugo  Eurasian herb with ample panicles of small white flowers; naturalized in North America
     subtype:  feverroot__horse_gentian__horsegentian__tinker's_root__wild_coffee__Triostium_perfoliatum  coarse weedy American perennial herb with large usually perfoliate leaves and purple or dull red flowers
     subtype:  teasel__teazel__teasle  any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts
        subtype:  common_teasel__Dipsacus_fullonum  teasel with lilac flowers native to Old World but naturalized in North America; dried flower heads used to raise a nap on woolen cloth
        subtype:  fuller's_teasel__Dipsacus_sativus  similar to the common teasel and similarly used; widespread in Europe and North Africa and western Asia; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  wild_teasel__Dipsacus_sylvestris  European teasel with white to pink flowers; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  jewelweed__lady's_earrings__orange_balsam__celandine__touchmenot__Impatiens_capensis  North American annual plant with usually yellow or orange flowers; grows chiefly on wet rather acid soil
     subtype:  geranium  any of numerous plants of the family Geraniaceae
        subtype:  cranesbill__crane's_bill__crane'sbill  any of numerous geraniums of the genus Geranium
           subtype:  wild_geranium__spotted_cranesbill__spottedcranesbill__Geranium_maculatum  common wild geranium of eastern North America with deeply parted leaves and rose-purple flowers
           subtype:  meadow_cranesbill__Geranium_pratense  tall perennial cranesbill with paired violet-blue axillary flowers; native to northern parts of Old World and naturalized in North America
           subtype:  Richardson's_geranium__Geranium_richardsonii  geranium of western North America having branched clusters of white or pale pink flowers
           subtype:  herb_robert__herbs_robert__herbsrobert__herb_roberts__Geranium_robertianum  a sticky low herb with small reddish-purple flowers; widespread in the northern hemisphere
           subtype:  sticky_geranium__Geranium_viscosissimum  geranium of western North America having pinkish-purple flowers in open clusters
           subtype:  dove's_foot_geranium__Geranium_molle  western geranium with small pink flowers; a common weed on lawns and in vacant lots
        subtype:  rose_geranium__sweet-scented_geranium__sweetscentedgeranium__Pelargonium_graveolens  any of several southern African geraniums having fragrant 3- to 5-lobed leaves and pink flowers
        subtype:  fish_geranium__bedding_geranium__beddinggeranium__zonal_pelargonium__zonalpelargonium__Pelargonium_hortorum  an upright geranium having scalloped leaves with a broad color zone inside the margin and white or pink or red flowers
        subtype:  ivy_geranium__ivygeranium__ivy-leaved_geranium__hanging_geranium__hanginggeranium__Pelargonium_peltatum  a commonly cultivated trailing South American plant with peltate leaves and rosy flowers
        subtype:  apple_geranium__applegeranium__nutmet_geranium__Pelargonium_odoratissimum  geranium with round fragrant leaves and small white flowers
        subtype:  lemon_geranium__lemongeranium__Pelargonium_limoneum  a common garden geranium with lemon-scented foliage
        subtype:  storksbill__heron's_bill__heron'sbill  any of various plants of the genus Erodium
           subtype:  redstem_storksbill__redstemstorksbill__alfilaria__alfileria__filaree__clocks__pin_grass__pingras__pin_clover__pinclover__Erodium_cicutarium  European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage
           subtype:  musk_clover__muskus_grass__white-stemmed_filaree__whitestemmedfilaree__Erodium_moschatum  low annual European herb naturalized in America; similar to alfilaria
           subtype:  Texas_storksbill__Erodium_texanum  of prairies and desert areas of southwestern United States and Mexico
     subtype:  oxalis__sorrel__wood_sorrel  any plant or flower of the genus Oxalis
        subtype:  common_wood_sorrel__cuckoo_bread__shamrock__Oxalis_acetosella  Eurasian plant with heart-shaped trifoliate leaves and white pink- or purple-veined flowers
        subtype:  Bermuda_buttercup__English-weed__Oxalis_pes-caprae__Oxalis_cernua  South African bulbous wood sorrel with showy yellow flowers
        subtype:  creeping_oxalis__creeping_wood_sorrel__Oxalis_corniculata  creeping much-branched mat-forming weed; cosmopolitan
        subtype:  goatsfoot__goat's_foot__Oxalis_caprina  short-stemmed South African plant with bluish flowers
        subtype:  violet_wood_sorrel__Oxalis_violacea  perennial herb of eastern North America with palmately compound leaves and usually rose-purple flowers
        subtype:  oca__oka__Oxalis_tuberosa__Oxalis_crenata  South American wood sorrel cultivated for its edible tubers
     subtype:  herb_of_grace__rue__rutagraveolen  European strong-scented perennial herb with gray-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy
     subtype:  fraxinella__dittany__burning_bush__burningbush__gas_plant__gasplant__Dictamnus_alba  Eurasian perennial herb with white flowers that emit flammable vapor in hot weather
     subtype:  nasturtium  any tropical American plant of the genus Tropaeolum having pungent juice and long-spurred yellow to red flowers
        subtype:  garden_nasturtium__Indian_cress__Tropaeolum_majus  strong-growing annual climber having large flowers of all shades of orange from orange-red to yellowish orange and seeds that are pickled and used like capers
        subtype:  bush_nasturtium__Tropaeolum_minus  annual with deep yellow flowers smaller than the common garden nasturtium
        subtype:  canarybird_flower__canarybird_vine__canary_creeper__Tropaeolum_peregrinum  a climber having canary-colored flowers
     subtype:  carnivorous_plant__carnivorousplant  plants adapted to attract and capture and digest primarily insects but also other small animals
        subtype:  pitcher_plant__pitcherplant  any of several insectivorous herbs of the order Sarraceniales
           subtype:  common_pitcher_plant__huntsman's_cup__huntsman's_cups__Sarracenia_purpurea  perennial bog herb having dark red flowers and decumbent broadly winged pitchers forming a rosette; of northeastern North America and naturalized in Europe especially Ireland
           subtype:  hooded_pitcher_plant__Sarracenia_minor  yellow-flowered pitcher plant of southeastern United States having trumpet-shaped leaves with the orifice covered with an arched hood
           subtype:  huntsman's_horn__huntsman's_horns__yellow_trumpet__yellow_pitcher_plant__trumpets__Sarracenia_flava  pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect wide-mouth yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with erect lids
           subtype:  California_pitcher_plant__Darlingtonia_californica  marsh or bog herb having solitary pendulous yellow-green flowers and somewhat twisted pitchers with broad wings below
           subtype:  sun_pitcher__sunpitcher  any of several herbs of Guiana highlands having racemes of nodding white or pink flowers; trap and digest insects in pitcher-shaped leaves with spoon-shaped caps
           subtype:  tropical_pitcher_plant  any of several tropical carnivorous shrubs or woody herbs of the genus Nepenthes
        subtype:  sundew_plant__sundew__daily_dew__dailydew  any of various bog plants of the genus Drosera having leaves covered with sticky hairs that trap and digest insects; cosmopolitan in distribution
        subtype:  Venus's_flytrap__Venus's_flytraps__Dionaea_muscipula  carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects
        subtype:  waterwheel_plant__Aldrovanda_vesiculosa  floating aquatic carnivorous perennial of central and southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia having whorls of 6 to 9 leaves ending in hinged lobes for capturing e.g. water fleas
        subtype:  Drosophyllum_lusitanicum  perennial of dry habitats whose leaves have glandular hairs that secrete adhesive and digestive fluid for capture and digestion of insects; Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco
        subtype:  roridula  either of 2 species of the genus Roridula; South African viscid perennial low-growing woody shrubs
        subtype:  bladderwort  any of numerous aquatic carnivorous plants of the genus Utricularia some of whose leaves are modified as small urn-shaped bladders that trap minute aquatic animals
        subtype:  butterwort  any of numerous carnivorous bog plants of the genus Pinguicula having showy purple or yellow or white flowers and a rosette of basal leaves coated with a sticky secretion to trap small insects
        subtype:  genlisea  rootless carnivorous swamp plants having at the base of the stem a rosette of foliage and trap-leaves consisting of slender tubes swollen in the middle; each tube passes into two long spirally twisted arms with stiff hairs
     subtype:  Australian_pitcher_plant__Cephalotus_follicularis  carnivorous perennial herb having a red-brown-marked green pitcher and hinged lid both with red edges; western Australia
     subtype:  sedum  any of various plants of the genus Sedum
        subtype:  stonecrop  any of various northern temperate plants of the genus Sedum having fleshy leaves and red or yellow or white flowers
           subtype:  wall_pepper__Sedum_acre  mossy European creeping sedum with yellow flowers; widely introduced as a ground cover
        subtype:  rose-root__midsummer-men__midsummermen__Sedum_rosea  Eurasian mountain plant with fleshy pink-tipped leaves and a cluster of yellow flowers
        subtype:  orpine__orpin__livelong__live-forever__Sedum_telephium  perennial northern temperate plant with toothed leaves and heads of small purplish-white flowers
     subtype:  saxifrage__breakstone__rockfoil  any of various plants of the genus Saxifraga
        subtype:  yellow_mountain_saxifrage__Saxifraga_aizoides  tufted evergreen perennial having ciliate leaves and yellow corymbose flowers often spotted orange
        subtype:  meadow_saxifrage__fair-maids-of-France__Saxifraga_granulata  rosette-forming perennial having compact panicles of white flowers; Europe
        subtype:  mossy_saxifrage__mossysaxifrage__Saxifraga_hypnoides  tufted or mat-forming perennial of mountains of Europe; cultivated for its white flowers
        subtype:  western_saxifrage__westernsaxifrage__Saxifraga_occidentalis  saxifrage having loose clusters of white flowers on hairy stems growing from a cluster of basal leaves; moist slopes of western North America
        subtype:  purple_saxifrage__Saxifraga_oppositifolia  plants forming dense cushions with bright reddish-lavender flowers; rocky areas of Europe and Asia and western North America
        subtype:  star_saxifrage__starry_saxifrage__Saxifraga_stellaris  small often mat-forming alpine plant having small starlike white flowers; Europe
        subtype:  strawberry_geranium__strawberry_saxifrage__mother-of-thousands__Saxifraga_stolonifera__Saxifraga_sarmentosam  eastern Asiatic saxifrage with racemes of small red-and-white flowers; spreads by numerous creeping stolons
     subtype:  astilbe  any plant of the genus Astilbe having compound leaves and showy panicles of tiny colorful flowers
        subtype:  false_goatsbeard__falsegoatsbeard__Astilbe_biternata  North American astilbe with panicles of creamy white flowers
        subtype:  dwarf_astilbe__dwarfastilbe__Astilbe_chinensis_pumila  mat-forming evergreen Asiatic plant with finely cut leaves and small pink to burgundy flowers; grown as ground cover
        subtype:  Astilbe_japonica__spirea__spiraea  a Japanese shrub that resembles members of the genus Spiraea; widely cultivated in many varieties for its dense panicles of flowers in many colors; often forced by florists for Easter blooming
     subtype:  bergenia  any plant of the genus Bergenia; valued as an evergreen ground cover and for the spring blossoms
     subtype:  umbrella_plant__Indian_rhubarb__Darmera_peltata__Peltiphyllum_peltatum  rhizomatous perennial herb with large dramatic peltate leaves and white to bright pink flowers in round heads on leafless stems; colonizes stream banks in the California Sierra Nevada
     subtype:  alumroot__alumbloom  any of several herbs of the genus Heuchera
        subtype:  rock_geranium__Heuchera_americana  plant with basal leaves mottled with white and flowers in lax panicles on erect stems
        subtype:  poker_alumroot__pokeralumroot__poker_heuchera__pokerheuchera__Heuchera_cylindrica  plant with leathery heart-shaped leaf blades clustered at base of long stalks with greenish-white flowers clustered along the upper part; western North America
        subtype:  coralbells__Heuchera_sanguinea  perennial plant of the western United States having bright red flowers in feathery spikes; used as an ornamental
     subtype:  miterwort__mitrewort__bishop's_cap  any of various rhizomatous perennial herbs of the genus Mitella having a capsule resembling a bishop's miter
        subtype:  fairy_cup__fairycup__Mitella_diphylla  miterwort of northeastern North America usually with two opposite leaves on erect flowering stems that terminate in erect racemes of white flowers
        subtype:  five-point_bishop's_cap__Mitella_pentandra  small plant with leaves in a basal cluster and tiny greenish flowers in slender racemes; northwestern North America to California and Colorado
     subtype:  suksdorfia  any of several American plants of the genus Suksdorfia having orbicular to kidney-shaped somewhat succulent leaves and white or rose or violet flowers in terminal panicles
        subtype:  violet_suksdorfia__Suksdorfia_violaceae  slender delicate plant with wide roundish deeply lobed leaves and deep pink to violet funnel-shaped flowers; British Columbia to northern Oregon and west to Idaho and Montana
     subtype:  foamflower__coolwart__false_miterwort__falsemiterwort__false_mitrewort__falsemitrewort__Tiarella_cordifolia  stoloniferous white-flowered spring-blooming woodland plant
     subtype:  pickaback_plant__pickabackplant__piggyback_plant__piggybackplant__youth-on-age__Tolmiea_menziesii  vigorous perennial herb with flowers in erect racemes and having young plants develop at the junction of a leaf blade and the leafstalk
     subtype:  polemonium  any plant of the genus Polemonium; most are low-growing often foul-smelling plants of temperate to arctic regions
        subtype:  Jacob's_ladder__Greek_valerian__charity__Polemonium_caeruleum__Polemonium_van-bruntiae__Polymonium_caeruleum_van-bruntiae  pinnate-leaved European perennial having bright blue or white flowers
        subtype:  Greek_valerian__Polemonium_reptans  erect or spreading perennial of the eastern United States
        subtype:  northern_Jacob's_ladder__Polemonium_boreale  perennial erect herb with white flowers; circumboreal
        subtype:  skunkweed__polemoniumviscosum  tall sticky-leaved herb of the Rocky Mountains having an offensive smell
     subtype:  phlox  any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers
        subtype:  chickweed_phlox__chickweedphlox__sand_phlox__Phlox_bifida__Phlox_stellaria  low mat-forming herb of rocky places in United States
        subtype:  moss_pink__mountain_phlox__moss_phlox__dwarf_phlox__dwarfphlox__Phlox_subulata  low tufted perennial phlox with needlelike evergreen leaves and pink or white flowers; native to United States and widely cultivated as a ground cover
        subtype:  ground_pink__fringed_pink__fringedpink__mosspink__Linanthus_dianthiflorus  low wiry-stemmed branching herb or southern California having fringed pink flowers
        subtype:  evening-snow__eveningsnow__linanthusdichotomu  small California annual with white flowers
     subtype:  acanthus  any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated
        subtype:  bear's_breech__bear's_breeches__sea_holly__seaholly__Acanthus_mollis  widely cultivated southern European acanthus with whitish purple-veined flowers
     subtype:  tailwort__borage__Borago_officinalis  hairy blue-flowered European annual herb long used in herbal medicine and eaten raw as salad greens or cooked like spinach
     subtype:  common_amsinckia__Amsinckia_intermedia  annual of western United States with coiled spikes of yellow-orange coiled flowers
     subtype:  large-flowered_fiddleneck__Amsinckia_grandiflora  annual of the western United States having large coiled flower spikes; a threatened species
     subtype:  anchusa  any of various Old World herbs of the genus Anchusa having one-sided clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers
        subtype:  bugloss__alkanet__anchusaofficinali  perennial or biennial herb cultivated for its delicate usually blue flowers
        subtype:  Anchusa_capensis__cape_forget-me-not  anchusa of southern Africa having blue flowers with white throats
        subtype:  cape_forget-me-not__Anchusa_riparia  anchusa of southern Africa having blue to red-purple flowers
     subtype:  Chinese_forget-me-not__Cynoglossum_amabile  biennial east Asian herb grown for its usually bright blue flowers
     subtype:  Cynoglossum_officinale__hound's-tongue__hound'stongue  biennial shrub of Europe and western Asia having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and dark reddish-purple flowers
     subtype:  hound's-tongue__hound'stongue__Cynoglossum_virginaticum  perennial shrub of North America having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and pale-blue to purple flowers
     subtype:  blueweed__blue_devil__blue_thistle__viper's_bugloss__viper'sbuglos__Echium_vulgare  a coarse prickly European weed with spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  stickweed  any of several herbaceous plants having seeds that cling to clothing
        subtype:  beggar's_lice__beggar_lice  Eurasian and North American plants having small prickly nutlets that stick to clothing
     subtype:  gromwell__Lithospermum_officinale  European perennial branching plant; occurs in hedgerows and at the edge of woodlands
     subtype:  puccoon__Lithospermum_caroliniense  perennial plant of eastern North America having hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment
     subtype:  hoary_puccoon__hoarypuccoon__paint_Indian__Lithospermum_canescens  perennial North American plant with grayish hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment
     subtype:  Virginia_bluebell__Virginia_cowslip__Mertensia_virginica  smooth erect herb of eastern North America having entire leaves and showy blue flowers that are pink in bud
     subtype:  garden_forget-me-not__Myosotis_sylvatica  small biennial to perennial herb of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia having blue, purple or white flowers
     subtype:  forget-me-not__mouse_ear__mouseear__Myosotis_scorpiodes__myosotisscorpiode  small perennial herb having bright blue or white flowers
     subtype:  false_gromwell__falsegromwell  any of several North American perennial herbs with hairy foliage and small yellowish or greenish flowers
     subtype:  comfrey  perennial herbs of Europe and Iran; make rapidly growing groundcover for shaded areas
        subtype:  common_comfrey__boneset__Symphytum_officinale  European herb having small white, pink or purple flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
     subtype:  gesneria  any plant of the genus Gesneria
     subtype:  waterleaf  any of several plants of the genus Hydrophyllum
        subtype:  Virginia_waterleaf__Shawnee_salad__shawny__Indian_salad__John's_cabbage__Hydrophyllum_virginianum  showy perennial herb with white flowers; leaves sometimes used as edible greens in southeastern United States
     subtype:  California_yellow_bells__yellow_bells__whispering_bells__Emmanthe_penduliflora  viscid herb of arid or desert habitats of southwestern United States having pendulous yellow flowers
     subtype:  nemophila  any plant of the genus Nemophila
        subtype:  Nemophila_maculata__five-spot  California annual having white flowers with a deep purple blotch on each petal
     subtype:  baby_blue-eyes__Nemophila_menziesii  delicate California annual having blue flowers marked with dark spots
     subtype:  fiesta_flower__Pholistoma_auritum__Nemophila_aurita  straggling California annual herb with deep purple or violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Nemophila
     subtype:  basil_thyme__basil_balm__basilbalm__mother_of_thyme__Acinos_arvensis__Satureja_acinos  fragrant European mint having clusters of small violet-and-white flowers; naturalized especially in eastern North America
     subtype:  giant_hyssop__gianthyssop  any of a number of aromatic plants of the genus Agastache
        subtype:  yellow_giant_hyssop__Agastache_nepetoides  erect perennial with stout stems and yellow-green flowers; southern Canada and southeastern United States
        subtype:  anise_hyssop__anisehyssop__Agastache_foeniculum  much-branched North American herb with an odor like fennel
        subtype:  Mexican_hyssop__Agastache_mexicana  erect perennial of Mexico having rose to crimson flowers
     subtype:  bugleweed__bugle  any of various low-growing annual or perennial evergreen herbs native to Eurasia; used for ground cover
        subtype:  creeping_bugle__Ajuga_reptans  low rhizomatous European carpeting plant having spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in parts of United States
        subtype:  erect_bugle__erectbugle__blue_bugle__Ajuga_genevensis  upright rhizomatous perennial with bright blue flowers; southern Europe
        subtype:  pyramid_bugle__pyramidbugle__Ajuga_pyramidalis  European evergreen carpeting perennial
        subtype:  yellow_bugle__ground_pine__Ajuga_chamaepitys  low-growing annual with yellow flowers dotted red; faintly aromatic of pine resin; Europe, British Isles and North Africa
     subtype:  black_horehound__blackhorehound__black_archangel__blackarchangel__fetid_horehound__fetidhorehound__stinking_horehound__Ballota_nigra  ill-smelling European herb with rugose leaves and whorls of dark purple flowers
     subtype:  wood_mint  American herb of genus Blephilia with more or less hairy leaves and clusters of purplish or bluish flowers
        subtype:  hairy_wood_mint__Blephilia_hirsuta  a variety of wood mint
        subtype:  downy_wood_mint__Blephilia_celiata  a variety of wood mint
     subtype:  calamint  perennial aromatic herbs growing in hedgerows or scrub or open woodlands from western Europe to central Asia and in North America
        subtype:  common_calamint__Calamintha_sylvatica__Satureja_calamintha_officinalis  mint-scented perennial of central and southern Europe
        subtype:  large-flowered_calamint__Calamintha_grandiflora__Clinopodium_grandiflorum__Satureja_grandiflora  aromatic herb with large pink flowers; southern and southeastern Europe; Anatolia; northern Iran
        subtype:  lesser_calamint__field_balm__fieldbalm__calaminthanepeta__Calamintha_nepeta_glantulosa__Satureja_nepeta__Satureja_calamintha_glandulosa  low-growing strongly aromatic perennial herb of southern Europe to GB naturalized in United States
     subtype:  wild_basil__cushion_calamint__cushioncalamint__Clinopodium_vulgare__Satureja_vulgaris  aromatic herb having heads of small pink or whitish flowers; widely distributed in United States, Europe and Asia
     subtype:  horse_balm__horsebalm__horseweed__stoneroot__richweed__stone_root__stoneroot__Collinsonia_canadensis  erect perennial strong-scented with serrate pointed leaves and a loose panicle of yellowish flowers; the eastern United States
     subtype:  coleus__flame_nettle__flamenettle  any of various Old World tropical plants of the genus Coleus having multicolored decorative leaves and spikes of blue flowers
        subtype:  country_borage__countryborage__Coleus_aromaticus__Coleus_amboinicus__Plectranthus_amboinicus  an aromatic fleshy herb of India and Ceylon to South Africa; sometimes placed in genus Plectranthus
        subtype:  painted_nettle__paintednettle__Joseph's_coat__Coleus_blumei__Solenostemon_blumei__Solenostemon_scutellarioides  perennial aromatic herb of southeastern Asia having large usually bright-colored or blotched leaves and spikes of blue-violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Solenostemon
     subtype:  dragonhead__dragon's_head__Dracocephalum_parviflorum  American herb having sharply serrate lanceolate leaves and spikes of double-lipped blue to violet flowers
     subtype:  elsholtzia  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Elsholtzia having blue or purple flowers in one-sided spikes
     subtype:  hemp_nettle__dead_nettle__Galeopsis_tetrahit  coarse bristly Eurasian plant with white or reddish flowers and foliage resembling that of a nettle; common as a weed in United States
     subtype:  American_pennyroyal__pennyroyal__Hedeoma_pulegioides  erect hairy branching American herb having purple-blue flowers; yields an essential oil used as an insect repellent and sometimes in folk medicine
     subtype:  Hyssopus_officinalis__hyssop  a European mint with aromatic and pungent leaves used in perfumery and as a seasoning in cookery; often cultivated as a remedy for bruises; yields hyssop oil
     subtype:  dead_nettle  any of various plants of the genus Lamium having clusters of small usually purplish flowers with two lips
        subtype:  white_dead_nettle__Lamium_album  European dead nettle with white flowers
        subtype:  henbit__Lamium_amplexicaule  Eurasian plant having toothed leaves and small two-lipped white or purplish-red flowers
     subtype:  wilde_dagga__dagga__capedagga__red_dagga__reddagga__Leonotis_leonurus  relatively nontoxic South African herb smoked like tobacco
     subtype:  lion's-ear__Leonotis_nepetaefolia__Leonotis_nepetifolia  pantropical herb having whorls of striking lipped flowers; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  motherwort__Leonurus_cardiaca  bitter Old World herb of hedgerows and woodland margins having toothed leaves and white or pale pink flowers
     subtype:  Lycopus_virginicus__bugleweed  a mildly narcotic and astringent aromatic herb having small whitish flowers; eastern United States
     subtype:  water_horehound__waterhorehound__Lycopus_americanus  aromatic perennial herb of United States
     subtype:  gipsywort__gypsywort__Lycopus_europaeus  hairy Eurasian herb with two-lipped white flowers
     subtype:  origanum  any of various fragrant aromatic herbs of the genus Origanum used as seasonings
        subtype:  pot_marjoram__potmarjoram__oregano__wild_marjoram__winter_sweet__Origanum_vulgare  aromatic Eurasian perennial
        subtype:  sweet_marjoram__sweetmarjoram__knotted_marjoram__knottedmarjoram__Origanum_majorana__Majorana_hortensis  aromatic European plant native to Mediterranean and Turkey; not widespread in Europe
        subtype:  dittany_of_crete__cretan_dittany__crete_dittany__cretedittany__hop_marjoram__hopmarjoram__winter_sweet__Origanum_dictamnus  dwarf aromatic shrub of Crete
     subtype:  horehound.herbaceous_plant  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Marrubium
        subtype:  common_horehound__white_horehound__whitehorehound__Marrubium_vulgare  European aromatic herb with hairy leaves and numerous white flowers in axillary cymes; leaves yield a bitter extract use medicinally and as flavoring
     subtype:  garden_balm__lemon_balm__lemonbalm__sweet_balm__sweetbalm__bee_balm__beebalm__Melissa_officinalis  bushy perennial Old World mint having small white or yellowish flowers and fragrant lemon-flavored leaves; a garden escapee in northern Europe and North America
     subtype:  mint  any north temperate plant of the genus Mentha with aromatic leaves and small mauve flowers
        subtype:  corn_mint__field_mint__fieldmint__Mentha_arvensis  European mint naturalized in United States
        subtype:  watermint__water_mint__watermint__Mentha_aquatica  a European mint that thrives in wet places; has a perfume like that of the bergamot orange; naturalized in eastern North America
        subtype:  lemon_mint__lemonmint__bergamotmint__eau_de_cologne_mint__Mentha_citrata  mint with leaves having perfume like that of the bergamot orange
        subtype:  Mentha_longifolia__horsemint  a coarse Old World wild water mint having long leaves and spikelike clusters of flowers; naturalized in the eastern United States
        subtype:  Mentha_piperita__peppermint  herb with downy leaves and small purple or white flowers that yields a pungent oil used as a flavoring
        subtype:  spearmint__Mentha_spicata  common garden herb having clusters of small purplish flowers and yielding an oil used as a flavoring
        subtype:  apple_mint__applemint__Mentha_rotundifolia__Mentha_suaveolens  mint with apple-scented stems of southern and western Europe; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  pennyroyal__Mentha_pulegium  Eurasian perennial mint have small lilac-blue flowers and ovate leaves; yields an aromatic oil
     subtype:  yerba_buena__yerbabuena__Micromeria_chamissonis__Micromeria_douglasii__Satureja_douglasii  trailing perennial evergreen herb of northwestern United States with small white flowers; used medicinally
     subtype:  Micromeria_juliana__savory  dwarf aromatic shrub of Mediterranean regions
     subtype:  molucca_balm__moluccabalm__bells_of_Ireland__Molucella_laevis  aromatic annual with a tall stems of small whitish flowers enclosed in a greatly enlarged saucer- or bell-shaped calyx
     subtype:  monarda__wild_bergamot  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Monarda
        subtype:  bergamot_mint__bee_balm__beebalm__beebalm__oswego_tea__Monarda_didyma  perennial aromatic herb of eastern North America having variously colored tubular flowers in dense showy heads
        subtype:  Monarda_punctata__horsemint  tall erect perennial or annual having lanceolate leaves and heads of purple-spotted creamy flowers; many subspecies grown from eastern to southwestern United States and in Mexico
        subtype:  bee_balm__beebalm__beebalm__Monarda_fistulosa  perennial herb of North America
        subtype:  horsemint__lemon_mint__lemonmint__monardacitriodora  an annual horsemint of central and western United States and northern Mexico
        subtype:  plains_lemon_monarda__Monarda_pectinata  annual of southern United States
        subtype:  basil_balm__basilbalm__Monarda_clinopodia  perennial herb of North America (New York to Illinois and mountains of Alaska) having aromatic leaves and clusters of yellowish-pink balls
     subtype:  mustang_mint__mustangmint__Monardella_lanceolata  fragrant California annual herb having lanceolate leaves and clusters of rose-purple flowers
     subtype:  catmint__catnip__Nepeta_cataria  hairy aromatic perennial herb having whorls of small white purple-spotted flowers in a terminal spike; used in the past as a domestic remedy; strongly attractive to cats
     subtype:  basil  any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum
        subtype:  common_basil__sweet_basil__Ocimum_basilicum  annual or perennial of tropical Asia having spikes of small white flowers and aromatic leave; one of the most important culinary herbs; used in salads, casseroles, sauces and some liqueurs
     subtype:  beefsteak_plant__beefsteakplant__Perilla_frutescens_crispa  plant grown for its ornamental red or purple foliage
     subtype:  physostegia  any of various plants of the genus Physostegia having sessile linear to oblong leaves and showy white or rose or lavender flowers
        subtype:  false_dragonhead__falsedragonhead__false_dragon_head__obedient_plant__Physostegia_virginiana  North American plant having a spike of two-lipped pink or white flowers
     subtype:  self-heal__heal_all__Prunella_vulgaris  decumbent blue-flowered European perennial thought to possess healing properties; naturalized throughout North America
     subtype:  mountain_mint  any of a number of perennial herbs of the genus Pycnanthemum; eastern North America and California
        subtype:  basil_mint__basilmint__Pycnanthemum_virginianum  perennial herb of the eastern United States having inconspicuous greenish flowers and narrow leaves that are very aromatic when bruised
     subtype:  Rosmarinus_officinalis__rosemary  widely cultivated for its fragrant gray-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery
     subtype:  salvia__sage  any of various plants of the genus Salvia; cosmopolitan
        subtype:  Salvia_azurea__blue_sage  blue-flowered sage of dry prairies of the eastern United States
        subtype:  Salvia_clarea__clary_sage__clarysage  stout Mediterranean sage with white or pink or violet flowers; yields oil used as a flavoring and in perfumery
        subtype:  mealy_sage__mealysage__blue_sage__Salvia_farinacea  Texas sage having intensely blue flowers
        subtype:  blue_sage__Salvia_reflexa__Salvia_lancifolia  sage of western North America to Central America having violet-blue flowers; widespread in cultivation
        subtype:  purple_sage__chaparral_sage__chaparralsage__Salvia_leucophylla  silvery-leaved California herb with purple flowers
        subtype:  cancerweed__cancer_weed__Salvia_lyrata  sage of eastern United States
        subtype:  common_sage__ramona__Salvia_officinalis  shrubby plant with aromatic grayish-green leaves used as a cooking herb
        subtype:  meadow_clary__Salvia_pratensis  tall perennial Old World salvia with violet-blue flowers; found in open grasslands
        subtype:  clary__salviasclarea  aromatic herb of southern Europe; cultivated in England as a potherb and widely as an ornamental
        subtype:  pitcher_sage__pitchersage__salviaspathacea  California erect and sparsely branched perennial
        subtype:  wild_sage__wild_clary__vervain_sage__vervainsage__Salvia_verbenaca  Eurasian sage with blue flowers and foliage like verbena; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  savory  any of several aromatic herbs or subshrubs of the genus Satureja having spikes of flowers attractive to bees
        subtype:  summer_savory__Satureja_hortensis__Satureia_hortensis  erect annual herb with oval leaves and pink flowers; used to flavor e.g. meats or soups or salads; southeastern Europe and naturalized elsewhere
        subtype:  winter_savory__Satureja_montana__Satureia_montana  erect perennial subshrub having pink or white flowers and leathery leaves with a flavor of thyme; southern Europe
     subtype:  blue_pimpernel__blue_skullcap__mad-dog_skullcap__maddogskullcap__mad-dog_weed__maddogweed__Scutellaria_lateriflora  an American mint that yields a resinous exudate used especially formerly as an antispasmodic
     subtype:  hedge_nettle__hedgenettle__dead_nettle__Stachys_sylvatica  foul-smelling perennial Eurasiatic herb with a green creeping rhizome
     subtype:  Stachys_palustris__hedge_nettle__hedgenettle  perennial herb with an odorless rhizome widespread in moist places in northern hemisphere
     subtype:  thyme.herbaceous_plant  any of various mints of the genus Thymus
        subtype:  common_thyme__Thymus_vulgaris  common aromatic garden perennial native to the western Mediterranean; used in seasonings and formerly as medicine
        subtype:  wild_thyme__creeping_thyme__Thymus_serpyllum  aromatic dwarf shrub common on banks and hillsides in Europe; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  martynia__Martynia_annua  sprawling annual or perennial herb of Central America and West Indies having creamy-white to red-purple bell-shaped flowers followed by unusual horned fruit
     subtype:  sesame__benne__benni__benny__Sesamum_indicum  East Indian annual erect herb; source of sesame seed or benniseed and sesame oil
     subtype:  common_unicorn_plant__devil's_claw__devil'sclaw__common_devil's_claw__elephant-tusk__proboscis_flower__proboscisflower__ram's_horn__ram'shorn__Proboscidea_louisianica  annual of southern United States to Mexico having large whitish or yellowish flowers mottled with purple and a long curving beak
     subtype:  sand_devil's_claw__Proboscidea_arenaria__Martynia_arenaria  alternatively placed in genus Martynia
     subtype:  sweet_unicorn_plant__Proboscidea_fragrans__Martynia_fragrans  a herbaceous plant of the genus Proboscidea
     subtype:  Aureolaria_pedicularia__false_foxglove__falsefoxglove__Gerardia_pedicularia  multi-stemmed North American annual having solitary axillary dark golden-yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
     subtype:  false_foxglove__falsefoxglove__Aureolaria_virginica__Gerardia_virginica  sparsely branched North American perennial with terminal racemes of bright yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
     subtype:  foxglove__digitalis__digitali  any of several plants of the genus Digitalis
        subtype:  common_foxglove__fairy_bell__fairybell__fingerflower__fingerroot__Digitalis_purpurea  tall leafy European biennial or perennial having spectacular clusters of large tubular pink-purple flowers; leaves yield drug digitalis and are poisonous to livestock
        subtype:  yellow_foxglove__straw_foxglove__strawfoxglove__Digitalis_lutea  European yellow-flowered foxglove
     subtype:  mullein__flannel_leaf__flannelleaf__velvet_plant  any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers
        subtype:  moth_mullein__Verbascum_blattaria  European mullein with smooth leaves and large yellow or purplish flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
        subtype:  white_mullein__whitemullein__Verbascum_lychnitis  densely hairy Eurasian herb with racemose white flowers; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  purple_mullein__Verbascum_phoeniceum  Eurasian mullein with showy purple or pink flowers
        subtype:  common_mullein__great_mullein__greatmullein__Aaron's_rod__flannel_mullein__flannelmullein__woolly_mullein__torch__Verbascum_thapsus  tall-stalked very woolly mullein with densely packed yellow flowers; ancient Greeks and Romans dipped the stalks in tallow for funeral torches
     subtype:  eggplant_bush__eggplant__aubergine__brinjal__gardenegg__mad_apple__Solanum_melongena  hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
     subtype:  Atropa_belladonna__belladonna__deadly_nightshade  perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine
     subtype:  black_henbane__blackhenbane__henbane__stinking_nightshade__Hyoscyamus_niger  poisonous fetid Old World herb having sticky hairy leaves and yellow-brown flowers; yields hyoscyamine and scopolamine
     subtype:  Egyptian_henbane__Hyoscyamus_muticus  poisonous herb whose leaves are a source of hyoscyamine
     subtype:  tomato_plant__tomato__love_apple__Lycopersicon_esculentum  native to South America; widely cultivated in many varieties
        subtype:  Lycopersicon_esculentum_cerasiforme__cherry_tomato  plant bearing small red to yellow fruit
           subtype:  plum_tomato.Lycopersicon_esculentum_cerasiforme__plumtomato  a kind of cherry tomato that has an oblong shape
     subtype:  mandrake__devil's_apples__Mandragora_officinarum  a plant of southern Europe and North Africa having purple flowers, yellow fruits and a forked root formerly thought to have magical powers
     subtype:  apple_of_Peru__shoo_fly__Nicandra_physaloides  coarse South American herb grown for its blue-and-white flowers followed by a bladderlike fruit enclosing a dry berry
     subtype:  tobacco  aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs
        subtype:  flowering_tobacco__floweringtobacco__Jasmine_tobacco__Nicotiana_alata  South American ornamental perennial having nocturnally fragrant greenish-white flowers
        subtype:  common_tobacco__Nicotiana_tabacum  tall erect South American herb with large ovate leaves and terminal clusters of tubular white or pink flowers; cultivated for its leaves
        subtype:  wild_tobacco__Indian_tobacco__Nicotiana_rustica  tobacco plant of South America and Mexico
        subtype:  tree_tobacco__mustard_tree__mustardtree__Nicotiana_glauca  evergreen South American shrub naturalized in United States; occasionally responsible for poisoning livestock
     subtype:  cupflower__nierembergia  any of various plants of the genus Nierembergia having upturned bell-shaped flowers
        subtype:  whitecup__Nierembergia_repens__Nierembergia_rivularis  prostrate woody South American herb with white tubular flowers often tinged with blue or rose
        subtype:  tall_cupflower__Nierembergia_frutescens  shrubby Chilean herb having bluish-white tubular flowers used as an ornamental
     subtype:  ground_cherry__husk_tomato  any of numerous cosmopolitan annual or perennial herbs of the genus Physalis bearing edible fleshy berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk; some cultivated for their flowers
        subtype:  downy_ground_cherry__strawberry_tomato__Physalis_pubescens  decorative American annual having round fleshy yellow berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk
        subtype:  Chinese_lantern_plant__winter_cherry__bladder_cherry__bladdercherry__Physalis_alkekengi  Old World perennial cultivated for its ornamental inflated papery orange-red calyx
        subtype:  cape_gooseberry__purple_ground_cherry__Physalis_peruviana  annual of tropical South America having edible purple fruits
        subtype:  strawberry_tomato__dwarf_cape_gooseberry__Physalis_pruinosa  stout hairy annual of eastern North America with sweet yellow fruits
        subtype:  tomatillo__jamberry__Mexican_husk_tomato__Physalis_ixocarpa  annual of Mexico and southern United States having edible purplish viscid fruit resembling small tomatoes
        subtype:  miltomate__tomatillo__purple_ground_cherry__jamberry__Physalis_philadelphica  Mexican annual naturalized in eastern North America having yellow to purple edible fruit resembling small tomatoes
        subtype:  yellow_henbane__Physalis_viscosa  found on sea beaches from Virginia to South America having greenish-yellow flowers and orange or yellow berries
     subtype:  salpiglossis  any plant of the genus Salpiglossis
        subtype:  painted_tongue__paintedtongue__Salpiglossis_sinuata  Chilean herb having velvety funnel-shaped yellowish or violet flowers with long tonguelike styles at the corolla throat
     subtype:  Scopolia_carniolica  herb that is a source of scopolamine
     subtype:  herb_mercury__herbs_mercury__herbsmercury__boys-and-girls__Mercurialis_annua  Eurafrican annual naturalized in America as a weed; formerly dried for use as a purgative, diuretic or antisyphilitic
     subtype:  dog's_mercury__dog'smercury__dog_mercury__dogmercury__Mercurialis_perennis  European perennial weedy plant with greenish flowers
     subtype:  spurge_nettle__tread-softly__treadsoftly__devil_nettle__devilnettle__pica-pica__Cnidoscolus_urens__Jatropha_urens__Jatropha_stimulosus  a stinging herb of tropical America
     subtype:  umbellifer__umbelliferous_plant__umbelliferousplant  any of numerous aromatic herbs of the family Umbelliferae
        subtype:  wild_parsley  any of various uncultivated umbelliferous plants with foliage resembling that of carrots or parsley
     subtype:  dill__Anethum_graveolens  aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning
     subtype:  angelique__angelica  any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels
        subtype:  garden_angelica__archangel__Angelica_Archangelica  a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally
        subtype:  wild_angelica__Angelica_sylvestris  European herb with compound leaves and white flowers; adventive on Cape Breton Island
     subtype:  beaked_parsley__chervil__Anthriscus_cereifolium  aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads
     subtype:  cow_parsley__cowparsley__wild_chervil__Anthriscus_sylvestris  coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America
     subtype:  wild_celery__Apium_graveolens  herb of Europe and temperate Asia
     subtype:  cultivated_celery__celery__Apium_graveolens_dulce  widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked
     subtype:  knob_celery__celeriac__celery_root__root_celery__turnip-rooted_celery__Apium_graveolens_rapaceum  grown for its thickened edible aromatic root
     subtype:  astrantia__masterwort  any plant of the genus Astrantia
        subtype:  greater_masterwort__greatermasterwort__Astrantia_major  European herb with aromatic roots and leaves in a basal tuft and showy compound umbels of white to rosy flowers
     subtype:  Carum_carvi__caraway  a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed
        subtype:  whorled_caraway  a caraway with whorled leaves
     subtype:  Conopodium_denudatum__earthnut  a common European plant having edible tubers with the flavor of roasted chestnuts
     subtype:  coriander_plant__corianderplant__coriander__Chinese_parsley__cilantro__Coriandrum_sativum  Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley
     subtype:  cumin__Cuminum_cyminum  dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds
     subtype:  cultivated_carrot__carrot__Daucus_carota_sativa  perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical deep-orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions
     subtype:  Eryngium_aquaticum__button_snakeroot  coarse prickly perennial eryngo with aromatic roots; southeastern United States; often confused with rattlesnake master
     subtype:  fennel  any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems
        subtype:  Foeniculum_vulgare__common_fennel  strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed; leaves and seeds used for seasoning
        subtype:  Foeniculum_dulce__Florence_fennel__Foeniculum_vulgare_dulce  grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base
     subtype:  cow_parsnip__cowparsnip__hogweed__Heracleum_sphondylium  tall coarse plant having thick stems and cluster of white to purple flowers
     subtype:  Levisticum_officinale__lovage  herb native to southern Europe; cultivated for its edible stalks and foliage and seeds
     subtype:  Myrrhis_odorata__sweet_cicely__sweetcicely  European herb with soft ferny leaves and white flowers
     subtype:  Pastinaca_sativa__parsnip  a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root
        subtype:  cultivated_parsnip  European biennial having a long fusiform root that has been made palatable through cultivation
        subtype:  wild_parsnip__madnep  biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip
     subtype:  Petroselinum_crispum__parsley  annual or perennial herb with aromatic finely-cut leaves
        subtype:  Italian_parsley__flat-leaf_parsley__Petroselinum_crispum_neapolitanum  a variety of parsley having flat leaves
        subtype:  Hamburg_parsley__turnip-rooted_parsley__Petroselinum_crispum_tuberosum  parsley with smooth leaves and enlarged edible taproot resembling a savory parsnip
     subtype:  anise_plant__aniseplant__anise__Pimpinella_anisum  native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery
     subtype:  sanicle__snakeroot  a plant of the genus Sanicula having palmately compound leaves and unisexual flowers in panicled umbels followed by bristly fruit; reputed to have healing powers
        subtype:  footsteps-of-spring__Sanicula_arctopoides  sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow flowers
        subtype:  purple_sanicle__Sanicula_bipinnatifida  sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow or red or purple flowers
        subtype:  European_sanicle__Sanicula_Europaea  sanicle of Europe and Asia having white to pale pink flowers
     subtype:  moon_carrot__stone_parsley__stoneparsley  any plant of the genus Seseli having dense umbels of small white or pink flowers and finely divided foliage
     subtype:  stone_parsley__stoneparsley__Sison_amomum  slender roadside herb of western Europe and Mediterranean having foliage like parsley and white flowers with aromatic seeds
     subtype:  Alexander__Alexanders__black_lovage__blacklovage__horse_parsley__horseparsley__Smyrnium_olusatrum  European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb
     subtype:  corn_salad  a plant of the genus Valerianella
        subtype:  common_corn_salad__lamb's_lettuce__Valerianella_olitoria__Valerianella_locusta  widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed
     subtype:  wort.herbaceous_plant  usually used in combination: `liverwort'; `milkwort'; `whorlywort'
     subtype:  peperomia  any of various plants of the genus Peperomia; grown primarily for their often succulent foliage
        subtype:  watermelon_begonia__Peperomia_argyreia__Peperomia_sandersii  grown as a houseplant for its silvery striped fleshy foliage; South America
     subtype:  yerba_mansa__yerbamansa__Anemopsis_californica  stoloniferous herb of southwestern United States and Mexico having a pungent rootstock and small spicate flowers with white bracts suggesting an anemone
     subtype:  asclepiad  any plant of the family Asclepiadaceae
     subtype:  milkweed__silkweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts
        subtype:  white_milkweed__whitemilkweed__Asclepias_albicans  tall herb with leafless waxy-white stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States
        subtype:  blood_flower__bloodflower__swallowwort__asclepiascurassavica  tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics
        subtype:  poke_milkweed__Asclepias_exaltata  milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed
        subtype:  swamp_milkweed__swampmilkweed__Asclepias_incarnata  densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers
        subtype:  Mead's_milkweed__Asclepias_meadii__Asclepia_meadii  milkweed of central North America; a threatened species
        subtype:  purple_silkweed__Asclepias_purpurascens  perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers
        subtype:  showy_milkweed__showymilkweed__Asclepias_speciosa  milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple-pink flowers
        subtype:  poison_milkweed__horsetail_milkweed__horsetailmilkweed__Asclepias_subverticillata  milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock
        subtype:  butterfly_weed__butterflyweed__orange_milkweed__orangemilkweed__chiggerflower__pleurisy_root__tuber_root__tuberroot__Indian_paintbrush__Asclepias_tuberosa  erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers
        subtype:  whorled_milkweed__whorledmilkweed__asclepiasverticillata  milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers
     subtype:  stapelia__carrion_flower__carrionflower__starfish_flower  any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large evil-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers
        subtype:  Stapelias_asterias  stapelia of Cape Province Africa having mostly dark red-brown flowers with flat starlike corollas
  subtype:  halophyte  plant growing naturally in very salty soil
  subtype:  succulent  a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs
     subtype:  Hottentot_fig__Hottentot's_fig__sour_fig__Carpobrotus_edulis__Mesembryanthemum_edule  low-growing South African succulent plant having a capsular fruit containing edible pulp
     subtype:  livingstone_daisy__livingstonedaisy__Dorotheanthus_bellidiformis  low-growing showy succulent annual of South Africa having white or pink or red or orange flowers and spatulate leaves covered in papillae that resemble small crystals
     subtype:  lithops__living_stone__stoneface__stoneplant__stone_life_face__flowering_stone  any plant of the genus Lithops native to Africa having solitary yellow or white flowers and thick leaves that resemble stones
     subtype:  living_granite__living_rock__stone_mimicry_plant__stonemimicryplant  highly succulent stemless clump-forming plants with gray-green leaves similar in texture to lumps of granite; South Africa
     subtype:  cactus  any spiny succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World
        subtype:  pitahaya_cactus__pitahaya__Acanthocereus_tetragonus__Acanthocereus_pentagonus  cactus of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having edible juicy fruit
        subtype:  rattail_cactus__rat's-tail_cactus__Aporocactus_flagelliformis  commonly cultivated tropical American cactus having slender creeping stems and very large showy crimson flowers that bloom for several days
        subtype:  living_rock__Ariocarpus_fissuratus  usually unbranched usually spineless cactus covered with warty tubercles and having magenta flowers and white or green fruit; resembles the related mescal; northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States
        subtype:  saguaro__sahuaro__Carnegiea_gigantea  extremely large treelike cactus of desert regions of southwestern United States having a thick columnar sparsely branched trunk bearing white flowers and edible red pulpy fruit
        subtype:  night-blooming_cereus  any of several cacti of the genus Cereus
        subtype:  coryphantha  a cactus of the genus Coryphantha
        subtype:  echinocactus__barrel_cactus  any cactus of the genus Echinocactus; strongly ribbed and very spiny; southwestern United States to Brazil
           subtype:  hedgehog_cactus  cactus of the genus Echinocactus having stout sharp spines
           subtype:  golden_barrel_cactus__Echinocactus_grusonii  large cactus of east central Mexico having golden to pale yellow flowers and spines
        subtype:  hedgehog_cereus  cactus of the genus Echinocereus
        subtype:  rainbow_cactus  a stout cylindrical cactus of the southwest United States and adjacent Mexico
        subtype:  epiphyllum__orchid_cactus  any cactus of the genus Epiphyllum having flattened jointed irregularly branching stems and showy tubular flowers
        subtype:  barrel_cactus  a cactus of the genus Ferocactus: unbranched barrel-shaped cactus having deep ribs with numerous spines and usually large funnel-shaped flowers followed by dry fruits
        subtype:  Easter_cactus__Hatiora_gaertneri__Schlumbergera_gaertneri  spring-blooming South American cactus with oblong joints and coral-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Schlumbergera
        subtype:  night-blooming_Hylocereus_cactus__night-blooming_cereus  any of several cacti of the genus Hylocereus
        subtype:  Lemaireocereus_chichipe__chichipe  tall treelike Mexican cactus with edible red fruit
        subtype:  mezcal__mescal__peyote__Lophophora_williamsii  a small spineless globe-shaped cactus; source of mescal buttons
        subtype:  mammillaria  any cactus of the genus Mammillaria
        subtype:  feather_ball__featherball__mammillariaplumosa  a low tuberculate cactus with white feathery spines; northeastern Mexico
        subtype:  garambulla_cactus__garambulla__Myrtillocactus_geometrizans  arborescent cactus of western Mexico bearing a small oblong edible berrylike fruit
        subtype:  Knowlton's_cactus__Pediocactus_knowltonii  small clustering cactus of southwestern United States; a threatened species
        subtype:  nopal  any of several cacti of the genus Nopalea resembling prickly pears
        subtype:  prickly_pear_cactus__prickly_pear__pricklypear  cacti having spiny flat joints and oval fruit that is edible in some species; often used as food for stock
           subtype:  Opuntia_lindheimeri__nopal  cactus having yellow flowers and purple fruits
           subtype:  Opuntia_tuna__tuna  tropical American flat-jointed prickly pear; Jamaica
        subtype:  Opuntia_cholla__cholla  arborescent cacti having very spiny cylindrical stem segments; southwestern United States and Mexico
        subtype:  mistletoe_cactus  a plant of the genus Rhipsalis
        subtype:  Christmas_cactus__Schlumbergera_buckleyi__Schlumbergera_baridgesii  epiphytic cactus of Brazilian ancestry widely cultivated as a houseplant having jointed flat segments and usually rose-purple flowers that bloom in winter
        subtype:  night-blooming_Selenicereus_cactus__night-blooming_cereus  any of several night-blooming cacti of the genus Selenicereus
           subtype:  queen_of_the_night__Selenicereus_grandiflorus  tropical American climbing cactus having triangular branches; often cultivated for its large showy night-blooming flowers followed by yellow red-streaked fruits
        subtype:  crab_cactus__Thanksgiving_cactus__Zygocactus_truncatus__Schlumbergera_truncatus  South American jointed cactus with usually red flowers; often cultivated as a houseplant; sometimes classified as genus Schlumbergera
     subtype:  aloe  succulent plants having rosettes of leaves usually with fiber like hemp and spikes of showy flowers; found chiefly in Africa
        subtype:  cape_aloe__Aloe_ferox  much-branched South African plant with reddish prickly succulent leaves
        subtype:  burn_plant__Aloe_vera  very short-stemmed plant with thick leaves with soothing mucilaginous juice; leaves develop spiny margins with maturity; native to Mediterranean region; grown widely in tropics and as houseplants
  subtype:  cultivar  a variety of a plant developed from a natural species and maintained under cultivation
  subtype:  cultivated_plant  plants that are grown for their produce
  subtype:  weed  any plant that crowds out cultivated plants
     subtype:  corn_cockle__corn_campion__crown-of-the-field__Agrostemma_githago  European annual having large trumpet-shaped reddish-purple flowers and poisonous seed; a common weed in grainfields and beside roadways; naturalized in America
     subtype:  knawel__knawe__Scleranthus_annuus  widely distributed low-growing Eurasian herb having narrow leaves and inconspicuous green flowers
     subtype:  corn_spurry__corn_spurrey__Spergula_arvensis  small European weed with whorled leaves and white flowers
     subtype:  sand_spurry__sea_spurry__seaspurry__Spergularia_rubra  prostrate weedy herb with tiny pink flowers; widespread throughout Europe and Asia on sand dunes and heath and coastal cliffs; naturalized in eastern North America
     subtype:  carpetweed__Indian_chickweed__Molluga_verticillata  annual prostrate mat-forming weed having whorled leaves and small greenish-white flowers; widespread throughout North America
     subtype:  alligator_weed__alligatorweed__alligatorgras__Alternanthera_philoxeroides  prolific South American aquatic weed having grasslike leaves and short spikes of white flowers; clogs waterways with dense floating masses
     subtype:  yellow_rocket__rockcress__rockcres__rocketcres__barbareavulgari__Sisymbrium_barbarea  noxious cress with yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium
     subtype:  wormseed_mustard__Erysimum_cheiranthoides  slender yellow-flowered European mustard often troublesome as a weed; formerly used as an anthelmintic
     subtype:  jointed_charlock__jointedcharlock__wild_radish__wild_rape__runch__Raphanus_raphanistrum  Eurasian weed having yellow or mauve or white flowers and podlike fruits
     subtype:  pennycress  any of several plants of the genus Thlaspi
        subtype:  field_pennycress__French_weed__fanweed__pennygras__mithridate_mustard__Thlaspi_arvense  foetid Eurasian weed having round flat pods; naturalized throughout North America
     subtype:  ragweed__ambrosia__bitterweed  any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma
        subtype:  common_ragweed__Ambrosia_artemisiifolia  annual weed with finely divided foliage and spikes of green flowers; common in North America; introduced elsewhere accidentally
        subtype:  great_ragweed__greatragweed__Ambrosia_trifida  a coarse annual with some leaves deeply and palmately 3-cleft or 5-cleft
        subtype:  western_ragweed__westernragweed__perennial_ragweed__perennialragweed__Ambrosia_psilostachya  coarse perennial ragweed with creeping roots of dry barren lands of southwestern United States and Mexico
     subtype:  thistle  any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves
        subtype:  welted_thistle__Carduus_crispus  European biennial introduced in North America having flower heads in crowded clusters at ends of spiny-winged branches
        subtype:  musk_thistle__nodding_thistle__noddingthistle__Carduus_nutans  Eurasian perennial naturalized in eastern North America having very spiny white cottony foliage and nodding musky crimson flower heads; valuable source of nectar
        subtype:  carline_thistle__carlinethistle  a thistle of the genus Carlina
           subtype:  stemless_carline_thistle__Carlina_acaulis  stemless perennial having large flowers with white or purple-brown florets nestled in a rosette of long spiny leaves hairy beneath; of alpine regions of southern and eastern Europe
           subtype:  common_carline_thistle__Carlina_vulgaris  Eurasian thistle growing in sand dunes and dry chalky soils
        subtype:  plume_thistle__plumethistle__plumed_thistle  any of numerous biennial to perennial herbs with handsome purple or yellow or occasionally white flower heads
           subtype:  Canada_thistle__creeping_thistle__Cirsium_arvense  European thistle naturalized in United States and Canada where it is a pernicious weed
           subtype:  woolly_thistle__Cirsium_flodmanii  thistle of western North America having white woolly leaves
              subtype:  European_woolly_thistle__Cirsium_eriophorum  woolly thistle of western and central Europe and Balkan Peninsula
           subtype:  brook_thistle__brookthistle__Cirsium_rivulare  of central and southwestern Europe
           subtype:  bull_thistle__boar_thistle__spear_thistle__spearthistle__Cirsium_vulgare__Cirsium_lanceolatum  European thistle with rather large heads and prickly leaves; extensively naturalized as a weed in the United States
        subtype:  field_thistle__fieldthistle__Cirsium_discolor  stout North American thistle with purplish-pink flower heads
        subtype:  melancholy_thistle__Cirsium_heterophylum__Cirsium_helenioides  perennial stoloniferous thistle of northern Europe with lanceolate basal leaves and usually solitary heads of reddish-purple flowers
        subtype:  blessed_thistle__sweet_sultan__sweetsultan__Cnicus_benedictus  annual of Mediterranean to Portugal having hairy stems and minutely spiny-toothed leaves and large heads of yellow flowers
        subtype:  cotton_thistle__woolly_thistle__Scotch_thistle__Onopordum_acanthium__Onopordon_acanthium  biennial Eurasian white hairy thistle having pale purple flowers; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  golden_thistle  any of several spiny Mediterranean herbs of the genus Scolymus having yellow flower heads
           subtype:  Spanish_oyster_plant__Scolymus_hispanicus  a golden thistle of southwestern Europe cultivated for its edible sweet roots and edible leaves and stalks; its yellow flowers are used as a substitute for saffron
     subtype:  Barnaby's_thistle__yellow_star-thistle__Centaurea_solstitialis  European weed having a winged stem and hairy leaves; adventive in the eastern United States
     subtype:  horseweed__Canadian_fleabane__fleabane__Conyza_canadensis__Erigeron_canadensis  common North American weed with linear leaves and small discoid heads of yellowish flowers; widely naturalized throughout temperate regions; sometimes placed in genus Erigeron
     subtype:  Erechtites_hieracifolia__fireweed  an American weedy plant with small white or greenish flowers
     subtype:  king_devil__yellow_hawkweed__Hieracium_praealtum  European hawkweed introduced into northeastern United States; locally troublesome weeds
     subtype:  California_dandelion__cat's-ear__cat'sear__capeweed__gosmore__Hypochaeris_radicata  European weed widely naturalized in North America having yellow flower heads and leaves resembling a cat's ears
     subtype:  bastard_feverfew__bastardfeverfew__Parthenium_hysterophorus  tropical American annual weed with small radiate heads of white flowers; adventive in southern United States
     subtype:  bristly_oxtongue__bristlyoxtongue__bitterweed__bugloss__Picris_echioides  widespread European weed with spiny tongue-shaped leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  orange_hawkweed__Pilosella_aurantiaca__Hieracium_aurantiacum  European hawkweed having flower heads with bright orange-red rays; a troublesome weed especially as naturalized in northeastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium
     subtype:  threadleaf_groundsel__Senecio_doublasii  bluish-green bushy leafy plant covered with close white wool and bearing branched clusters of yellow flower heads; southwestern United States; toxic to range livestock
     subtype:  tansy_ragwort__tansyragwort__ragwort__ragweed__benweed__Senecio_jacobaea  widespread European weed having yellow daisylike flowers; sometimes an obnoxious weed and toxic to cattle if consumed in quantity
     subtype:  groundsel__Senecio_vulgaris  Eurasian weed with heads of small yellow flowers
     subtype:  cocklebur  any coarse weed of the genus Xanthium having spiny burrs
     subtype:  nettle  any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)
        subtype:  stinging_nettle__Urtica_dioica  perennial Eurasian nettle established in North America having broad coarsely toothed leaves with copious stinging hairs
        subtype:  Roman_nettle__Urtica_pipulifera  annual European nettle with stinging foliage and small clusters of green flowers
        subtype:  wood_nettle__Laportea_canadensis  American perennial herb found in rich woods and provided with stinging hairs; provides fibers used for textiles
        subtype:  richweed__clearweed__dead_nettle__Pilea_pumilla  a plants of the genus Pilea having drooping green flower clusters and smooth translucent stems and leaves
        subtype:  artillery_plant__artilleryplant__Pilea_microphylla  tropical American stingless nettle that discharges its pollen explosively
        subtype:  friendship_plant__panamica__panamiga__Pilea_involucrata  low stingless nettle of Central and South America having velvety brownish-green toothed leaves and clusters of small green flowers
     subtype:  tumbleweed  any plant that breaks away from its roots in autumn and is driven by the wind as a light rolling mass
     subtype:  wild_parsnip__madnep  biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip
  subtype:  evergreen_plant__evergreenplant__evergreen  a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year
  subtype:  deciduous_plant__deciduousplant  a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season
  subtype:  vine  weak-stemmed plant that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface
     subtype:  moonseed  plant of the family Menispermaceae having red or black fruit with crescent- or ring-shaped seeds
        subtype:  common_moonseed__Canada_moonseed__yellow_parilla__Menispermum_canadense  a woody vine of eastern North America having large oval leaves and small white flowers and purple to blue-black fruits
        subtype:  Carolina_moonseed__Cocculus_carolinus  woody vine of southeastern United States resembling the common moonseed but having red fruits
     subtype:  clematis  any of various ornamental climbing plants of the genus Clematis usually having showy flowers
        subtype:  pine_hyacinth__Clematis_baldwinii__Viorna_baldwinii  erect clematis of Florida having pink to purple flowers
        subtype:  blue_jasmine__blue_jessamine__curly_clematis__marsh_clematis__Clematis_crispa  climber of southern United States having bluish-purple flowers
        subtype:  pipestem_clematis__Clematis_lasiantha  clematis of California
        subtype:  curly-heads__Clematis_ochreleuca  shrubby clematis of the eastern United States having curly foliage
        subtype:  golden_clematis__Clematis_tangutica  Chinese clematis with serrate leaves and large yellow flowers
        subtype:  scarlet_clematis__Clematis_texensis  woody vine of Texas having showy solitary nodding scarlet flowers
        subtype:  Clematis_versicolor__leather_flower__leatherflower  woody vine of the southern United States having purple or blue flowers with leathery recurved sepals
        subtype:  leather_flower__leatherflower__vase-fine__vase_vine__Clematis_viorna  scandent subshrub of southeastern United States having large red-purple bell-shaped flowers with leathery recurved sepals
        subtype:  virgin's_bower__old_man's_beard__devil's_darning_needle__devil'sdarningneedle__Clematis_virginiana  common climber of eastern North America that sprawls over other plants and bears numerous panicles of small creamy white flowers
        subtype:  traveler's_joy__traveller's_joy__old_man's_beard__Clematis_vitalba  vigorous deciduous climber of Europe to Afghanistan and Lebanon having panicles of fragrant green-white flowers in summer and autumn
        subtype:  purple_clematis__purple_virgin's_bower__mountain_clematis__Clematis_verticillaris  climber of northeastern North America having waxy purplish-blue flowers
     subtype:  allamanda  a plant of the genus Allamanda having large showy funnel-shaped flowers in terminal cymes
        subtype:  common_allamanda__golden_trumpet__Allamanda_cathartica  vigorous evergreen climbing plant of South America having glossy leathery foliage and golden yellow flowers
     subtype:  Nepal_trumpet_flower__Easter_lily_vine__Beaumontia_grandiflora  evergreen woody twiner with large glossy leaves and showy corymbs of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers
     subtype:  star_jasmine__confederate_jasmine__confederatejasmine__Trachelospermum_jasminoides  evergreen Chinese woody climber with shiny dark green leaves and intensely fragrant white flowers
     subtype:  English_ivy__ivy__common_ivy__Hedera_helix  Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits
     subtype:  birthwort__Aristolochia_clematitis  creeping plant having curving flowers thought to resemble fetuses; native to Europe; naturalized Great Britain and eastern North America
        subtype:  Dutchman's-pipe__pipe_vine__Aristolochia_macrophylla__Aristolochia_durior  hardy deciduous vine having large leaves and flowers with the calyx tube curved like the bowl of a pipe
        subtype:  Virginia_snakeroot__Virginia_serpentaria__Virginia_serpentary__Aristolochia_serpentaria  birthwort of the eastern United States woodlands
     subtype:  bougainvillea  any of several South American ornamental woody vines of the genus Bougainvillea having brilliant red or purple flower bracts; widely grown in warm regions
        subtype:  paper_flower__paperflower__Bougainvillea_glabra  Brazilian vine that tends to flower continuously
     subtype:  Barbados_gooseberry__Barbados-gooseberry_vine__Pereskia_aculeata  West Indian woody scrambler with spiny stems and numerous fragrant white flowers in panicles followed by small yellow to orange fruits
     subtype:  climbing_corydalis__Corydalis_claviculata__Fumaria_claviculata  annual vine with decompound leaves and racemes of yellow and pink flowers
     subtype:  climbing_fumitory__Allegheny_vine__Adlumia_fungosa__Fumaria_fungosa  vine with feathery leaves and white or pinkish flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria
     subtype:  German_ivy__Delairea_odorata__Senecio_milkanioides  South African succulent evergreen twining climber with yellow flowers grown primarily as a houseplant for its foliage; sometimes placed in genus Senecio
     subtype:  wild_climbing_hempweed__climbing_hempweed__climbing_boneset__climbing_hemp-vine__Mikania_scandens  herb of tropical America having vanilla-scented flowers; climbs up trees
     subtype:  yam_plant__yamplant__yam  any of a number of tropical vines of the genus Dioscorea many having edible tuberous roots
        subtype:  white_yam__whiteyam__water_yam__wateryam__Dioscorea_alata  grown in Australasia and Polynesia for its large root with fine edible white flesh
        subtype:  cinnamon_vine__Chinese_yam__Dioscorea_batata  hardy Chinese vine naturalized in United States and cultivated as an ornamental climber for its glossy heart-shaped cinnamon-scented leaves and in the tropics for its edible tubers
        subtype:  air_potato__airpotato__dioscoreabulbifera  yam of tropical Africa and Asia cultivated for it large tubers
        subtype:  cush-cush__Dioscorea_trifida  tropical American yam with small yellow-skinned edible tubers
     subtype:  tortoise_plant__elephant's-foot__Hottentot_bread_vine__Hottentot's_bread_vine__Dioscorea_elephantipes  South African vine having a massive rootstock covered with deeply fissured bark
     subtype:  wild_yam__Dioscorea_paniculata  having a rhizome formerly dried and used to treat rheumatism or liver disorders
     subtype:  black_bryony__blackbryony__black_bindweed__blackbindweed__Tamus_communis  common European twining vine with tuberous roots and cordate leaves and red berries
     subtype:  gourd_vine__gourdvine__gourd  any vine of the family Cucurbitaceae that bears fruits with hard rinds
        subtype:  prairie_gourd_vine__prairiegourdvine__prairie_gourd__prairiegourd__Missouri_gourd__wild_pumpkin__buffalo_gourd__buffalogourd__calabazilla__cucurbitafoetidissima  perennial vine of dry parts of central and southwestern United States and Mexico having small hard mottled green inedible fruit
        subtype:  melon_vine__melonvine__melon  any of various fruit of cucurbitaceous vines including: muskmelons; watermelons; cantaloupes; cucumbers
           subtype:  watermelon_vine__watermelon__Citrullus_vulgaris  an African melon
           subtype:  sweet_melon_vine__sweetmelonvine__sweet_melon__muskmelon__cucumismelo  any of several varieties of vine whose fruit has a netted rind and edible flesh and a musky smell
              subtype:  cantaloupe_vine__cantaloupe__cantaloup__Cucumis_melo_cantalupensis  a variety of muskmelon vine having fruit with a tan rind and orange flesh
              subtype:  winter_melon_vine__winter_melon__Persian_melon__honeydew_melon__Cucumis_melo_inodorus  any of a variety of muskmelon vines having fruit with a smooth white rind and white or greenish flesh that does not have a musky smell
              subtype:  Cucumis_melo_reticulatus__net_melon__netmelon__netted_melon__nutmeg_melon  a muskmelon vine with fruit that has a thin reticulated rind and sweet green flesh
           subtype:  cucumber_vine__cucumber__Cucumis_sativus  a melon vine of the genus Cucumis; cultivated from earliest times for its cylindrical green fruit
        subtype:  squirting_cucumber__squirtingcucumber__exploding_cucumber__explodingcucumber__touch-me-not__Ecballium_elaterium  Mediterranean vine having oblong fruit that when ripe expels its seeds and juice violently when touched
        subtype:  bottle_gourd__calabash__Lagenaria_siceraria  Old World climbing plant with hard-shelled bottle-shaped gourds as fruits
        subtype:  balsam_apple__Momordica_balsamina__momordicabalsamina  a tropical Old World flowering vine with red or orange warty fruit
        subtype:  balsam_pear__Momordica_charantia  tropical Old World vine with yellow-orange fruit
     subtype:  squash_vine__squash  any of numerous annual tendril-bearing trailing plants of the genus Cucurbita grown for their fleshy edible fruits
        subtype:  autumn_pumpkin__pumpkin__pumpkin_vine__pumpkinvine__Cucurbita_pepo  a coarse vine widely cultivated for its non-keeping large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes
        subtype:  summer_squash_vine__summer_squash__Cucurbita_pepo_melopepo  any of various usually bushy plants producing fruit that is eaten while immature and before the rind or seeds harden
           subtype:  yellow_squash.summer_squash_vine__yellowsquash  any of various squash plants grown for their yellow fruits with somewhat elongated necks
           subtype:  marrow_squash__marrow__vegetable_marrow__vegetablemarrow  any of various squash plants grown for their elongated fruit with smooth dark green skin and whitish flesh
              subtype:  courgette__zucchini  marrow squash plant whose fruit are eaten when small
              subtype:  Italian_vegetable_marrow__cocozelle  squash plant having dark green fruit with skin mottled with light green or yellow
           subtype:  cymling__pattypan_squash  squash plant having flattened round fruit with a scalloped edge; usually greenish white
           subtype:  spaghetti_squash.summer_squash_vine__spaghettisquash  squash plant bearing oval fruit with smooth yellowish skin and tender stranded flesh resembling spaghetti
        subtype:  winter_squash_plant__winter_squash  any of various plants of the species Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata producing squashes that have hard rinds and mature in the fall
           subtype:  acorn_squash.winter_squash_plant__acornsquash  squash plant bearing small acorn-shaped fruits having yellow flesh and dark green or yellow rind with longitudinal ridges
           subtype:  hubbard_squash.winter_squash_plant__hubbardsquash__Cucurbita_maxima  any of several winter squash plants producing large grayish-green football-shaped fruit with a rough warty rind
           subtype:  Cucurbita_maxima_turbaniformis__turban_squash  squash plants bearing hard-shelled fruit shaped somewhat like a turban with a rounded central portion protruding from the end opposite the stem
              subtype:  buttercup_squash.Cucurbita_maxima_turbaniformis__buttercupsquash  plant bearing somewhat drum-shaped fruit having dark green rind with grayish markings
           subtype:  Cucurbita_maxima__butternut_squash__butternutsquash  plant bearing buff-colored squash having somewhat bottle-shaped fruit with fine-textured edible flesh and smooth thin rind
           subtype:  winter_crookneck__winter_crookneck_squash__Cucurbita_moschata  any of various plants bearing squash having hard rinds and elongated recurved necks
           subtype:  Cucurbita_mixta__cushaw__Cucurbita_argyrosperma  plant bearing squash having globose to ovoid fruit with variously striped gray and green and white warty rinds
     subtype:  bryony__briony  a tendril-bearing vine of the genus Bryonia having large leaves and small flowers and yielding acrid juice with emetic and purgative properties
        subtype:  white_bryony__whitebryony__devil-s_turnip__devilsturnip__Bryonia_alba  white-flowered vine having thick roots and bearing small black berries; Europe to Iran
        subtype:  red_bryony__redbryony__wild_hop__Bryonia_dioica  bryony having fleshy roots pale green flowers and very small red berries; Europe; North Africa; western Asia
     subtype:  luffa__dishcloth_gourd__dishclothgourd__sponge_gourd__rag_gourd__raggourd__strainer_vine  any of several tropical annual climbers having large yellow flowers and edible young fruits; grown commercially for the mature fruit's dried fibrous interior that is used as a sponge
        subtype:  loofah__vegetable_sponge__vegetablesponge__Luffa_cylindrica  the bathroom loofah
        subtype:  angled_loofah__sing-kwa__Luffa_acutangula  loofah of Pakistan; widely cultivated throughout tropics
     subtype:  bower_actinidia__boweractinidia__tara_vine__Actinidia_arguta  high-climbing Asiatic vine having long finely serrate leaves and racemes of white flowers followed by greenish-yellow edible fruit
     subtype:  Chinese_gooseberry__kiwi__kiwi_vine__Actinidia_chinensis__Actinidia_deliciosa  climbing vine native to China; cultivated in New Zealand for its fuzzy edible fruit with green meat
     subtype:  silvervine__silver_vine__Actinidia_polygama  ornamental vine of eastern Asia having yellow edible fruit and leaves with silver-white markings
     subtype:  passionflower_vine__passionflowervine__passionflower  any of various chiefly tropical American vines some bearing edible fruit
        subtype:  purple_granadillo__granadilla__Passiflora_edulis  Brazilian passionflower cultivated for its deep purple fruit
        subtype:  sweet_granadilla__sweetgranadilla__Passiflora_ligularis  considered best for fruit
        subtype:  giant_granadilla__giantgranadilla__granadilla__Passiflora_quadrangularis  tropical American passionflower yielding the large granadilla fruit
        subtype:  maypop__Passiflora_incarnata  of southern United States; having an insipid berry the size of a hen egg
        subtype:  Jamaica_honeysuckle__yellow_granadilla__Passiflora_laurifolia  West Indian passionflower; cultivated for its yellow edible fruit
        subtype:  banana_passion_fruit__Passiflora_mollissima  cultivated for fruit
        subtype:  Passiflora_maliformis__sweet_calabash__sweetcalabash  West Indian passionflower with edible apple-sized fruit
        subtype:  love-in-a-mist__running_pop__runningpop__wild_water_lemon__Passiflora_foetida  tropical American passion flower with finely dissected bracts; stems malodorous when crushed
     subtype:  hops  twining perennials having cordate leaves and flowers arranged in conelike spikes
        subtype:  common_hop__common_hops__bine__European_hop__Humulus_lupulus  European twining plant whose flowers are used chiefly to flavor malt liquors; cultivated in America
        subtype:  American_hop__Humulus_americanus  native American plant sometimes confused with the European hop
        subtype:  Japanese_hop__Humulus_japonicus  ornamental vine native to eastern Asia; cultivated for its variegated foliage
     subtype:  salsilla__Bomarea_edulis  tropical vine having pink-and-yellow flowers spotted purple and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; West Indies to northern South America
     subtype:  Bomarea_salsilla__salsilla  tropical vine having umbels of small purple flowers and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; Colombia
     subtype:  smilax__Asparagus_asparagoides  fragile twining plant of South Africa with bright green flattened stems and glossy foliage popular as a floral decoration
     subtype:  sarsaparilla.vine  any of various prickly climbing plants of the tropical American genus Smilax having aromatic roots and heart-shaped leaves
        subtype:  rough_bindweed__roughbindweed__Smilax_aspera  creeping or climbing evergreen having spiny zigzag stems with shiny leaves and racemes of pale-green flowers; Canary Islands to southern Europe and Ethiopia and India
     subtype:  bullbrier__greenbrier__catbrier__horsebrier__brier__briar__Smilax_rotundifolia  a very prickly woody vine of the eastern United States growing in tangled masses having tough round stems with shiny leathery leaves and small greenish flowers followed by clusters of inedible shiny black berries
     subtype:  yellow_jasmine__jellow_jessamine__Carolina_jasmine__evening_trumpet_flower__eveningtrumpetflower__Gelsemium_sempervirens  poisonous woody evergreen vine of southeastern United States having fragrant yellow funnel-shaped flowers
     subtype:  calabar-bean_vine__Physostigma_venenosum  tropical African woody vine yielding calabar beans
     subtype:  hog_peanut__hogpeanut__wild_peanut__Amphicarpaea_bracteata__Amphicarpa_bracteata  vine widely distributed in eastern North America producing racemes of purple to maroon flowers and abundant (usually subterranean) edible one-seeded pods resembling peanuts
     subtype:  groundnut_vine__groundnutvine__groundnut__Indian_potato__potato_bean__wild_bean__Apios_americana__Apios_tuberosa  a North American vine with fragrant blossoms and edible tubers; important food crop of Native Americans
     subtype:  jack_bean__wonder_bean__giant_stock_bean__giantstockbean__Canavalia_ensiformis  annual semi-erect bushy plant of tropical South America bearing long pods with white seeds grown especially for forage
     subtype:  sword_bean__swordbean__Canavalia_gladiata  twining tropical Old World plant bearing long pods usually with red or brown beans; long cultivated in Orient for food
     subtype:  Centrosema_virginianum__butterfly_pea__butterflypea  large-flowered weakly twining or prostrate vine of New Jersey to tropical eastern North America, sometimes cultivated for its purple and white flowers
     subtype:  butterfly_pea__butterflypea__Clitoria_mariana  large-flowered wild twining vine of southeastern and central United States having pale blue flowers
     subtype:  blue_pea__butterfly_pea__butterflypea__Clitoria_turnatea  vine of tropical Asia having pinnate leaves and bright blue yellow-centered flowers
     subtype:  derris_root__tuba_root__Derris_elliptica  woody vine having bright green leaves and racemes of rose-tinted white flowers; the swollen roots contain rotenone
     subtype:  Australian_pea__Dipogon_lignosus__Dolichos_lignosus  South African evergreen partly woody vine grown for its clusters of rosy purple flowers followed by edible pods like snap beans; also grown as green manure; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
     subtype:  Western_Australia_coral_pea__Hardenbergia_comnptoniana  vigorous climber of the forests of western Australia; grown for their dense racemes of attractive bright rose-purple flowers
     subtype:  coral_pea__coralpea  any of various Australian climbing plants of the genus Kennedia having scarlet flowers
        subtype:  coral_vine__coralvine__Kennedia_coccinea  prostrate or twining woody vine with small leathery leaves and umbels of red flowers; Australia and Tasmania
        subtype:  running_postman__runningpostman__scarlet_runner__scarletrunner__Kennedia_prostrata  hairy trailing or prostrate western Australian vine with bright scarlet-pink flowers
     subtype:  hyacinth_bean__bonavist__Indian_bean__Egyptian_bean__Lablab_purpureus__Dolichos_lablab  perennial twining vine of Old World tropics having trifoliate leaves and racemes of fragrant purple pealike flowers followed by maroon pods of edible seeds; grown as an ornamental and as a vegetable on the Indian subcontinent; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
     subtype:  vetchling  any of various small plants of the genus Lathyrus; climb usually by means of tendrils
        subtype:  black_pea__blackpea__Lathyrus_niger  perennial of Europe and North Africa; foliage turns black in drying
        subtype:  grass_vetch__grass_vetchling__grassvetchling__Lathyrus_nissolia  annual European vetch with red flowers
        subtype:  grass_pea__grasspea__Indian_pea__khesari__Lathyrus_sativus  European annual grown for forage; seeds used for food in India and for stock elsewhere
        subtype:  spring_vetchling__spring_vetch__Lathyrus_vernus  bushy European perennial having nodding racemose violet-blue flowers
     subtype:  everlasting_pea  any of several perennial vines of the genus Lathyrus
        subtype:  broad-leaved_everlasting_pea__perennial_pea__perennialpea__Lathyrus_latifolius  perennial climber of central and southern Europe having purple or pink or white flowers; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  narrow-leaved_everlasting_pea__flat_pea__Lathyrus_sylvestris  European perennial with mottled purple-pink flowers; sometimes cultivated for fodder or as green manure
     subtype:  sweet_pea__sweetpea__Lathyrus_odoratus  climbing garden plant having fragrant pastel-colored flowers
     subtype:  heath_pea__heathpea__earth-nut_pea__earthnutpea__earthnut_pea__tuberous_vetch__Lathyrus_tuberosus  European herb bearing small tubers used for food and in Scotland to flavor whiskey
     subtype:  Pachyrhizus_erosus__yam_bean__yambean  Central American twining plant with edible roots and pods; large tubers are eaten raw or cooked especially when young and young pods must be thoroughly cooked; pods and seeds also yield rotenone and oils
     subtype:  yam_bean__yambean__potato_bean__Pachyrhizus_tuberosus  twining plant of Amazon basin having large edible roots
     subtype:  winged_bean__winged_pea__goa_bean__goabean__goa_bean_vine__Manila_bean__Psophocarpus_tetragonolobus  tuberous-rooted twining annual vine bearing clusters of purplish flowers and pods with four jagged wings; Old World tropics
     subtype:  kudzu_vine__kudzuvine__kudzu__Pueraria_lobata  fast-growing East Asian vine having hairy trifoliate leaves and racemes of purple flowers followed by long many-seed hairy pods and tuberous starchy roots; grown for fodder and forage and root starch; widespread in the southern United States
     subtype:  wisteria__wistaria  any flowering vine of the genus Wisteria
        subtype:  Japanese_wistaria__Wisteria_floribunda  having flowers of pink to mauve or violet-blue
        subtype:  Chinese_wistaria__Wisteria_chinensis  having deep purple flowers
        subtype:  American_wistaria__Wisteria_frutescens  an the eastern United States native resembling the cultivated Japanese wisteria having pale purple-lilac flowers
        subtype:  silky_wisteria__silkywisteria__Wisteria_venusta  a wisteria of China having white flowers
     subtype:  silver_lace_vine__China_fleece_vine__Russian_vine__Polygonum_aubertii  twining perennial vine having racemes of fragrant greenish flowers; western China to Russia
     subtype:  partridgeberry__boxberry__twinberry__Mitchella_repens  creeping woody plant of eastern North America with shiny evergreen leaves and scarlet berries
     subtype:  soapberry_vine__soapberryvine  tendril-climbing vine
        subtype:  heartseed__cardiospermumgrandiflorum  herbaceous vine of tropical America and Africa
        subtype:  balloon_vine__balloonvine__heartpea__Cardiospermum_halicacabum  woody perennial climbing plant with large ornamental seed pods that resemble balloons; tropical India and Africa and America
     subtype:  American_bittersweet__bittersweet__climbing_bittersweet__false_bittersweet__falsebittersweet__staff_vine__staffvine__waxwork__Celastrus_scandens  twining shrub of North America having three-valved yellow capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
     subtype:  Japanese_bittersweet__Japan_bittersweet__oriental_bittersweet__Celastrus_orbiculatus__Celastric_articulatus  ornamental Asiatic vine with showy orange-yellow fruit with a scarlet aril; naturalized in North America
     subtype:  evergreen_bittersweet__evergreenbittersweet__Euonymus_fortunei_radicans__Euonymus_radicans_vegetus  broad and bushy Asiatic twining shrub with pinkish fruit; many subspecies or varieties
     subtype:  black-eyed_Susan_vine__black-eyed_Susan__Thunbergia_alata  tropical African climbing plant having yellow flowers with a dark purple center
     subtype:  cross_vine__crossvine__trumpet_flower__trumpetflower__quartervine__Bignonia_capreolata  woody flowering vine of southern United States; stems show a cross in transverse section
     subtype:  convolvulus__convolvulu  any of numerous plants of the genus Convolvulus
        subtype:  Convolvulus_scammonia__scammony  twining plant of Asia Minor having cream to purple flowers and long thick roots yielding a cathartic resin
     subtype:  bindweed  any of several vines of the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia having a twining habit
        subtype:  field_bindweed__fieldbindweed__wild_morning-glory__Convolvulus_arvensis  weakly climbing European perennial with white or pink flowers; naturalized in North America and an invasive weed
        subtype:  hedge_bindweed__hedgebindweed__wild_morning-glory__Calystegia_sepium__Convolvulus_sepium  common Eurasian and American wild climber with pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Convolvulus
     subtype:  silverweed  any of various twining shrubs of the genus Argyreia having silvery leaves and showy purple flowers
     subtype:  dodder  a leafless annual parasitic vine of the genus Cuscuta having whitish or yellow filamentous stems; obtain nourishment through haustoria
        subtype:  love_vine__Cuscuta_gronovii  leafless parasitic vine with dense clusters of small white bell-shaped flowers on orange-yellow stems that twine around clover or flax
     subtype:  dichondra__dichondramicrantha  a creeping perennial herb with hairy stems and orbicular to reniform leaves and small white to greenish flowers; used as a grass substitute in warm regions
     subtype:  morning_glory__morningglory  any of various twining vines having funnel-shaped flowers that close late in the day
        subtype:  Ipomoea_purpurea__common_morning_glory  pantropical annual climbing herb with funnel-shaped blue, purple, pink or white flowers
        subtype:  common_morning_glory__Ipomoea_tricolor  annual or perennial climbing herb of Central America having sky-blue flowers; most commonly cultivated morning glory
        subtype:  cypress_vine__cypressvine__star-glory__Indian_pink__Ipomoea_quamoclit__Quamoclit_pennata  tropical American annual climber having red (sometimes white) flowers and finely dissected leaves; naturalized in United States and elsewhere
        subtype:  moonflower__belle_de_nuit__Ipomoea_alba  pantropical climber having white fragrant nocturnal flowers
        subtype:  sweet_potato_vine__sweet_potato__sweetpotato__Ipomoea_batatas  pantropical vine widely cultivated in several varieties for its large sweet tuberous root with orange flesh
        subtype:  wild_potato_vine__wild_sweet_potato_vine__man-of-the-earth__manroot__Ipomoea_panurata__Ipomoea_fastigiata  tropical American prostrate or climbing herbaceous perennial having an enormous starchy root; sometimes held to be source of the sweet potato
        subtype:  red_morning-glory__redmorningglory__staripomoea__ipomoeacoccinea  annual herb having scarlet flowers; the eastern United States
        subtype:  man-of-the-earth__Ipomoea_leptophylla  long-rooted morning glory of western United States
        subtype:  Ipomoea_orizabensis__scammony  tropical American morning glory
        subtype:  railroad_vine__beach_morning_glory__beachmorningglory__Ipomoea_pes-caprae  Prostrate perennial of coastal sand dunes Florida to Texas
        subtype:  Japanese_morning_glory__Ipomoea_nil  annual Old World tropical climbing herb distinguished by wide color range and frilled or double flowers
        subtype:  imperial_Japanese_morning_glory__Ipomoea_imperialis  hybrid from Ipomoea nil
     subtype:  ground_ivy__alehoof__field_balm__fieldbalm__gillovertheground__runaway_robin__runawayrobin__Glechoma_hederaceae__Nepeta_hederaceae  trailing European aromatic plant of the mint family having rounded leaves and small purplish flowers often grown in hanging baskets; naturalized in North America; sometimes placed in genus Nepeta
     subtype:  potato_tree__Solanum_crispum  hardy climbing shrub of Chile grown as an ornamental for its fragrant flowers; not a true potato
     subtype:  Uruguay_potato_vine__Uruguay_potato__Solanum_commersonii  South American potato vine
     subtype:  wild_potato__Solanum_jamesii  erect or spreading perennial of southwestern United States and Mexico bearing small pale brown to cream tubers resembling potatoes
     subtype:  Solanum_jasmoides__potato_vine  copiously branched vine of Brazil having deciduous leaves and white flowers tinged with blue
     subtype:  white_potato_vine__potato__white_potato__whitepotato__solanumtuberosum  annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous
     subtype:  potato_vine__giant_potato_creeper__Solanum_wendlandii  vine of Costa Rica sparsely armed with hooklike spines and having large lilac-blue flowers
     subtype:  cock's_eggs__Salpichroa_organifolia__Salpichroa_rhomboidea  weedy vine of Argentina having solitary white flowers followed by egg-shaped white or yellow fruit
     subtype:  climber.vine  a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants
        subtype:  root_climber  a plant that climbs by its adventitious roots e.g. ivy
     subtype:  liana  a woody climbing usually tropical plant
        subtype:  white_dipladenia__whitedipladenia__Mandevilla_boliviensis__Dipladenia_boliviensis  shrubby climber having glossy leaves and white funnel-shaped flowers with yellow throats
        subtype:  Chilean_jasmine__Mandevilla_laxa  woody vine of Argentina grown as an ornamental for its glossy leaves and racemes of large fragrant funnel-shaped creamy-white flowers
        subtype:  golden_pothos__pothos__ivy_arum__ivyarum__Epipremnum_aureum__Scindapsus_aureus  evergreen liana widely cultivated for its variegated foliage
        subtype:  monstera  any plant of the genus Monstera; often grown as houseplants
           subtype:  Monstera_deliciosa__ceriman  tropical American vine having roots that hang like cords and cylindrical fruit with a pineapple and banana flavor
        subtype:  philodendron  often grown as a houseplant
        subtype:  pothos  any of various tropical lianas of the genus Scindapsus
        subtype:  jade_vine__emerald_creeper__emeraldcreeper__Strongylodon_macrobotrys  vigorous Philippine evergreen twining liana; grown for spectacular festoons of green flowers that resemble lobster claws
        subtype:  cynancum  any of various mostly giant tropical lianas of Africa and Madagascar having greenish or purple flowers and long smooth pods; roots formerly used as an emetic
     subtype:  grapevine__grape  any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries
        subtype:  fox_grape__foxgrape__Vitis_labrusca  native grape of northeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties e.g. Concord grapes
        subtype:  muscadine__Vitis_rotundifolia  native grape of southeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties
        subtype:  Vitis_vinifera__vinifera__vinifera_grape__common_grape_vine  common European grape cultivated in many varieties; chief source of Old World wine and table grapes
           subtype:  Chardonnay__chardonnay_grape  white wine grape
           subtype:  Pinot_grape__Pinot  any of several purple or white wine grapes used especially for burgundies and champagnes
              subtype:  Pinot_noir.Pinot_grape__pinotnoir  red wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Burgundy, France
              subtype:  Pinot_blanc.Pinot_grape__pinotblanc  white wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Chablis, France
           subtype:  Sauvignon_grape  small blue-black grape of Medoc region of France highly prized in winemaking
           subtype:  Cabernet_Sauvignon_grape  superior red wine grapes grown especially in the Bordeaux region of France and northern California
           subtype:  Sauvignon_blanc.Vitis_vinifera__sauvignonblanc  white wine grape grown in California
           subtype:  Merlot.Vitis_vinifera__merlot  black wine grape originally from the region of Bordeaux
           subtype:  Muscadet.Vitis_vinifera__muscadet  white grape grown especially in the Loire Valley in France
           subtype:  Riesling.Vitis_vinifera__riesling  white grape grown in Europe and California
           subtype:  Zinfandel  small black grape grown chiefly in California; transplanted from Europe
           subtype:  Chenin_blanc.Vitis_vinifera__cheninblanc  white grape grown especially in California and the lower Loire valley of France
           subtype:  malvasia  used to make malmsey wine
           subtype:  muscat__muskat  any of several cultivated grapevines that produce sweet white grapes
           subtype:  Verdicchio.Vitis_vinifera__verdicchio  a variety of white wine grape grown in Italy
     subtype:  Boston_ivy__Japanese_ivy__Parthenocissus_tricuspidata  Asiatic vine with three-lobed leaves and purple berries
     subtype:  Virginia_creeper__American_ivy__woodbine__Parthenocissus_quinquefolia  common North American vine with compound leaves and bluish-black berrylike fruit
     subtype:  true_pepper__pepper_vine  any of various shrubby vines of the genus Piper
        subtype:  Madagascar_pepper__pepper__common_pepper__black_pepper__blackpepper__white_pepper__whitepepper__Piper_nigrum  climber having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in North Burma and Assam
        subtype:  Piper_longum__long_pepper  slender tropical climber of the eastern Himalayas
        subtype:  betel_pepper__betelpepper__betel__Piper_betel  Asian pepper plant whose dried leaves are chewed with betel nut (seed of the betel palm) by southeast Asians
        subtype:  cubeb_vine__cubebvine__cubeb__Java_pepper__Piper_cubeba  tropical southeast Asian shrubby vine bearing spicy berrylike fruits
     subtype:  cruel_plant__Araujia_sericofera  robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn
     subtype:  hoya  any plant of the genus Hoya having fleshy leaves and usually nectariferous flowers
        subtype:  honey_plant__honeyplant  a plant that furnishes nectar suitable for making honey
        subtype:  wax_plant__waxplant__Hoya_carnosa  succulent climber of southern Asia with umbels of pink and white star-shaped flowers
     subtype:  silk_vine__Periploca_graeca  deciduous climber for arches and fences having ill-scented but interesting flowers and poisonous yellow fruits; cultivated for its dark shining foliage; southeastern Europe to Asia Minor
     subtype:  soma__haoma__Sarcostemma_acidum  leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink
     subtype:  negro_vine__negrovine__Vincetoxicum_hirsutum__Vincetoxicum_negrum  twining vine with hairy foliage and dark purplish-brown flowers
  subtype:  creeper  any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping
  subtype:  woody_plant__woodyplant__ligneous_plant  a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems
  subtype:  geophyte  a perennial plant that propagates by underground bulbs or tubers or corms
  subtype:  desert_plant__xerophyte__xerophytic_plant__xerophile__xerophilousplant  plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte
  subtype:  mesophyte__mesophyticplant  land plant growing in surroundings having an average supply of water; compare xerophyte and hydrophyte
  subtype:  aquatic_plant__aquaticplant__water_plant__waterplant__hydrophyte__hydrophytic_plant__hydrophyticplant  a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth
  subtype:  tuberous_plant  plant growing from a tuber
  subtype:  bulbous_plant__bulbousplant  plant growing from a bulb
  subtype:  cormous_plant__cormousplant  plant growing from a corm
  subtype:  psilophyte  any plant of the order Psilophytales: a savannah plant
  subtype:  psilophyton  any plant or fossil of the genus Psilophyton

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