#religious_belief__religiousbelief__religion__faith a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny; "he lost his faith but not his morality"
supertype: belief any cognitive content held as true
subtype: religious_cult__religiouscult__cult a system of religious beliefs and rituals
subtype: macumba a Brazilian religious cult of African origin; combines voodoo elements with singing a chanting and dancing
subtype: obeah__obi a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; practiced in parts of the West Indies and tropical Americas
subtype: Rastafarianism belief in Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie of Ethiopia) as the Messiah and that Africa (especially Ethiopia) is the Promised Land
subtype: vodoun__voodoo__voodooism__hoodooism a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities
subtype: ecclesiasticism.religious_belief religion appropriate to a church and to ecclesiastical principles and practices
subtype: religious_mysticism__religiousmysticism__mysticism a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality
subtype: quietism a form of religious mysticism requiring withdrawal from all human effort and passive contemplation of God
subtype: nature_worship a system of religion that deifies and worships natural forces and phenomena
subtype: revealed_religion a religion founded primarily on the revelations of God to humankind
subtype: theism the doctrine or belief in the existence of a God or gods
subtype: monotheism belief in a single God
subtype: Judaism the monotheistic religion of the Jews; based on the Old Testament and the Talmud
subtype: Orthodox_Judaism beliefs and practices of a Judaic sect that strictly observes Mosaic Law
subtype: Hasidism__Hassidism beliefs and practices of a sect of Orthodox Jews
subtype: Conservative_Judaism beliefs and practices of Conservative Jews
subtype: Reform_Judaism beliefs and practices of Reform Jews
subtype: Muhammadanism__Islam__Islamism__Mohammedanism__Muslimism the monotheistic religion of Muslims based on the Koran
subtype: polytheism__pantheism belief in multiple Gods
subtype: paganism__pagan_religion__paganreligion__heathenism any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism
subtype: Christianity__Christian_religion the system of Christian beliefs and practices
subtype: Second_Adventism__Adventism any Christian religion that believes the second coming of Christ is imminent
subtype: Seventh-Day_Adventism Adventism that is strongly Protestant and observes Saturday as the Sabbath
subtype: Catholicism__Catholicity the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church
subtype: Romanism__Roman_Catholicism the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome
subtype: Eastern_Catholicism the beliefs and practices of any of the Eastern Catholic Churches based in Constantinople
subtype: Protestantism the theological system of any of the churches of Western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
subtype: Anglicanism the faith and doctrine and practice of the Anglican Church
subtype: Anglo-Catholicism__High_Anglicanism a doctrine and practice within the Church of England emphasizing the Catholic tradition
subtype: Arminianism doctrines of Jacobus Arminius (1610) rejecting absolute predestination or strict Calvinism
subtype: Calvinism the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
subtype: Christian_Science religious system based on teachings of Mary Baker Eddy emphasizing spiritual healing
subtype: Lutheranism teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone
subtype: Unitarianism Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity
subtype: Trinitarianism Christian doctrine stressing belief in the Trinity
subtype: Congregationalism system of beliefs and church government of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing
subtype: Mennonitism system of beliefs and practices including belief in Scriptural authority; plain dress; adult baptism; foot washing; restriction of marriage to members of the group
subtype: evangelicalism stresses the importance of personal conversion and faith as the means of salvation
subtype: revivalism an attempt to reawaken the evangelical faith
subtype: fundamentalism the interpretation of every word in the Bible as literal truth
subtype: Methodism the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals
subtype: Wesleyanism__Wesleyism evangelical principles taught by John Wesley
subtype: Anabaptism belief in: the primacy of the Bible; baptism of believers not infants; complete separation of church and state
subtype: Baptistic_doctrine any of various doctrines closely related to Anabaptism
subtype: Mormonism the doctrines and practices of the Mormon Church based on the Book of Mormon
subtype: pentecostalism the principles and practices of Pentecostal religious groups; characterized by religious excitement and talking in tongues
subtype: Presbyterianism the doctrines and practices of the Presbyterian Church: based in Calvinism
subtype: Puritanism.Protestantism__puritanism the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
subtype: Tractarianism__Puseyism principles of the founders of the Oxford movement; expounded in pamphlets called "Tracts for the Times"
subtype: Hinduism__Hindooism a complex of beliefs and values and customs including worship of many gods especially the Trimurti composed of Brahma the Creator; Vishnu the preserver; and Shiva the destroyer
subtype: Krishnaism worship of Krishna the 8th avatar of Vishnu
subtype: Shivaism__Sivaism worship of Shiva one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
subtype: Shaktism__Saktism worship of Shakti as the wife of Shiva
subtype: Vishnuism__Vaishnavism__Vaisnavism worship of Vishnu one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
subtype: Yoga a Hindu theistic philosophy; union of self and the Supreme Being is sought through a state of complete awareness and tranquillity attained by certain physical exercises
subtype: Brahmanism__Brahminism the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads
subtype: Jainism religion founded in the 6th century as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being
subtype: Sikhism a radically monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 16th Century
subtype: Buddhism the ethical philosophy of Buddha; emphasizes physical and spiritual discipline as a means of liberation from the physical world
subtype: Mahayana one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone; chiefly in China; Tibet; Japan
subtype: Hinayana one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing personal salvation through one's own efforts; chiefly in Sri Lanka (Ceylon); Myanmar (Burma); Thailand; Cambodia
subtype: Lamaism Tibetan Buddhist doctrine including non-Buddhist Indian elements and elements of preexisting shamanism
subtype: Zen_Buddhism__Zen doctrine that enlightenment can be attained through direct intuitive insight
subtype: Shingon a Japanese Buddhism emphasizing mystical symbolism of mantras and mudras and the Buddha's ideal which is inexpressible
subtype: Tantra__Tantrism doctrine of enlightenment as the realization of the oneness of one's self and the visible world; combines elements of Hinduism and paganism including magical and mystical elements like mantras and mudras and erotic rites; especially influential in Tibet
subtype: Hsuan_Chiao__Taoism popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic
subtype: Shintoism__Shinto the indigenous polytheistic religion of Japan lacking organized teachings; primarily nature and ancestor worship including a chief deity from whom the emperor is believed to be descended
subtype: Mithraism__Mithraicism ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.
subtype: Zoroastrianism__Mazdaism system founded in Persia in the 6th century b.c. by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)
subtype: Parsiism__Parseeism Zoroastrian sect in India
subtype: shamanism an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans
subtype: shamanism.religious_belief any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes
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