#nervous_system__nervoussystem__systema_nervosum__systemanervosum the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells
supertype: system.body_part a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
subtype: sympathetic_nervous_system parasympathetic_nervous_system
part of: body [49,49]
part: nervous_tissue__nervoustissue__nerve_tissue__nervetissue tissue composed of neurons
part: ganglion an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
part: nerve_cell__nervecell__neuron a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses
part: axon__axone long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron
part: nerve_ending__nerveending__nerve_end__nerveend the terminal structure of an axon that does not end at a synapse
part: dendrite short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron
part: fiber_bundle__fiberbundle__fibre_bundle__fibrebundle__fascicle__fasciculus a bundle of fibers (especially nerve fibers)
part: central_nervous_system__centralnervoussystem__CNS__systema_nervosum_centrale the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
part: neuroglia sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous system
part: neurogliacyte__neuroglial_cell__glial_cell__glialcell a cell of the neuroglia
part: encephalon__brain that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord
part: fornix an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies
part: carina_fornicis ridge on the lower surface of the fornix of the brain
part: circle_of_Willis a ring of arteries at the base of the brain
part: communicating_artery__communicatingartery__arteria_communicans__arteriacommunican any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
part: brain_cell__braincell a nerve cell in the brain
part: neencephalon__neoencephalon the part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts
part: forebrain__prosencephalon the anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube
part: peduncle a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain
part: corpus_callosum a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
part: telencephalon the anterior division of the forebrain; the cerebrum and related parts of the hypothalamus
part: cerebrum anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans
part: cerebral_hemisphere__hemisphere either half of the cerebrum
part: cerebral_cortex__cerebral_mantle__pallium the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the gray matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum
part: Golgi's_cell__Golgi_cell a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the gray matter
part: cortical_area__cortical_region any of various regions of the cerebral cortex
part: frontal_lobe__frontallobe that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying directly behind the forehead
part: frontal_area__frontalarea__frontal_cortex__frontalcortex the cortex of the frontal lobe
part: precentral_gyrus the convolution of the frontal lobe that is bounded in back by the central gyrus
part: prefrontal_lobe the anterior part of the frontal lobe
part: parietal_lobe that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying below the crown of the head
part: postcentral_gyrus__postcentralgyru the convolution of parietal lobe that is bounded in front by the central gyrus
part: occipital_lobe__occipitallobe that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying in the back of the head
part: temporal_lobe that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying inside the temples of the head
part: amygdala__amygdaloid_nucleus__corpus_amygdaloideum an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior
part: gyrus__gyru__convolution a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain
part: diencephalon__interbrain__betweenbrain__thalmencephalon the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon
part: third_eye__thirdeye__pineal_eye a sensory structure capable of light reception located on the dorsal side of the diencephalon in various reptiles
part: basal_ganglion__basalganglion any of several masses of subcortical gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere that seem to be involved in the regulation of voluntary movement
part: thalamus large egg-shaped structures of gray matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon
part: geniculate_body one of four small oval masses that protrude slightly from the underside of the thalamus and function as synaptic centers on the way to the cerebral cortex
part: hypothalamus a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system
part: midbrain__mesencephalon the middle portion of the brain
part: hindbrain__rhombencephalon the posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and pons and medulla oblongata
part: cerebellum a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans
part: cerebellar_artery__arteria_cerebelli__arteriacerebelli an artery that supplies the cerebellum
part: paleocerebellum the anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals
part: medulla_oblongata__medullaoblongata__medulla lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb' is an old term for medulla oblongata); "the medulla oblongata is the most vital part of the brain because it contains centers controlling breathing and heart functioning"
part: respiratory_center__respiratorycenter the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
part: myelencephalon the posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults
part: pons_Varolii__pons a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain
part: respiratory_center__respiratorycenter the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
part: brainstem__brain_stem__brainstem the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
part: reticular_formation__reticularformation__RF a complex neural network in the central core of the brainstem; monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone
part: reticular_activating_system__RAS the network in the reticular formation that serves an alerting or arousal function
part: ventricle one of four connected cavities in the brain; is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid
part: spinal_fluid__cerebrospinal_fluid__cerebrospinalfluid clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain; fills and protects cavities in the brain and spinal cord
part: pyramidal_tract__pyramidaltract__pyramidal_motor_system__pyramidalmotorsystem__corticospinal_tract__corticospinaltract any of the important nerve pathways on each side of the central nervous system that run from the sensorimotor areas of the cortex through the brainstem to motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord
part: basal_ganglion__basalganglion any of several masses of subcortical gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere that seem to be involved in the regulation of voluntary movement
part: spinal_cord__medulla_spinalis a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tube-like structure extending from the base of the brain through the vertebral canal to the upper lumbar region
part: spinal_vein__vena_spinalis__venaspinali veins that drain the spinal cord
part: Golgi's_cell__Golgi_cell a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the gray matter
part: spinal_fluid__cerebrospinal_fluid__cerebrospinalfluid clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain; fills and protects cavities in the brain and spinal cord
part: neural_network__neural_net any network of neurons or nuclei that function together to perform some function in the body
part: peripheral_nervous_system__systema_nervosum_periphericum the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord
part: autonomic_nervous_system__autonomicnervoussystem__ANS the part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
part: autonomic_ganglion__autonomicganglion any of the ganglia of the autonomic system whose unmyelinated fibers innervate the internal organs
part: sympathetic_nervous_system__sympatheticnervoussystem originates in the thoracic regions of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels
part: splanchnic_nerve any of several nerves of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that innervate viscera and blood vessels
part: solar_plexus__coeliac_plexus__plexus_celiacus__abdominal_nerve_plexus a large plexus of sympathetic nerves in the abdomen behind the stomach
part: alpha_receptor__alphareceptor__alpha-adrenergic_receptor__alpha-adrenoceptor__alphaadrenoceptor receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasoconstriction and relaxation of intestinal muscles and contraction of smooth muscles)
part: beta_receptor__beta-adrenergic_receptor__beta-adrenoceptor receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasodilation and increased heart beat)
part: parasympathetic_nervous_system__parasympatheticnervoussystem__parasympathetic originates in the brain stem and lower part of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system: stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels
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