#moneran__moneron  organisms that typically reproduce by asexual budding or fission and whose nutritional mode is absorption or photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
  supertype:  #microorganism  any organism (animal or plant) of microscopic size
  member of:  #kingdom_Monera
  subtype:  #archaebacteria__archaebacterium__archaeobacteria__archeobacteria  considered ancient life forms that evolved separately from bacteria and blue-green algae
     subtype:  #methanogen  archaebacteria found in anaerobic environments such as animal intestinal tracts or sediments or sewage and capable of producing methane; a source of natural gas
     subtype:  #halophile__halophil  archaebacteria requiring a salt-rich environment for growth and survival
        subtype:  #halobacteria__halobacterium__halobacter  halophiles in saline environments such as the Dead Sea or salt flats
     subtype:  #thermoacidophile  archaebacteria that thrive in strongly acidic environments at high temperatures
  subtype:  #eubacteria__eubacterium__truebacteria  a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella
     subtype:  #bacillus__bacilli__b  aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations
     subtype:  #coccus__cocci  any spherical or nearly spherical bacteria
        subtype:  #staphylococcus__staphylococci__staph  spherical gram-positive parasitic bacteria that tend to form irregular colonies; some cause boils or septicemia or infections
     subtype:  #spirilla__spirillum  any flagellated aerobic bacteria having a spirally twisted rodlike form
     subtype:  #clostridium__clostridia  spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore
     subtype:  #botulinus__botulinu__botulinum__Clostridium_botulinum  anaerobic bacterium producing botulin the toxin that causes botulism
     subtype:  #cyanobacteria__blue-green_algae  predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll; occur singly or in colonies in diverse habitats; important as phytoplankton
        subtype:  #nostoc  found in moist places as rounded jellylike colonies
        subtype:  #trichodesmium  large colonial bacterium common in tropical open-ocean waters; important in carbon and nitrogen fixation
     subtype:  #phototrophic_bacteria__phototropic_bacteria__phototropicbacteria  green and purple bacteria; energy for growth is derived from sunlight; carbon is derived from carbon dioxide or organic carbon
        subtype:  #purple_bacteria  free-living Gram-negative pink to purplish-brown bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll
     subtype:  #pseudomonad  bacteria usually producing greenish fluorescent water-soluble pigment; some pathogenic for plants and animals
        subtype:  #ring_rot_bacteria__Pseudomonas_solanacearum  causes brown rot in tomatoes and potatoes and tobacco etc
     subtype:  #xanthomonad  bacteria producing yellow non-water-soluble pigments; some pathogenic for plants
     subtype:  #nitric_bacteria__nitrobacteria  soil bacteria that convert nitrites to nitrates
     subtype:  #nitrosobacteria__nitrous_bacteria__nitrousbacteria  soil bacteria that oxidize ammonia to nitrites
     subtype:  #thiobacillus  small rod-shaped bacteria living in sewage or soil and oxidizing sulfur
        subtype:  #thiobacteria__sulphur_bacteria__sulphurbacteria__sulfurbacteria  any bacterium of the genus Thiobacillus
     subtype:  #spirillum  spirally twisted elongate rodlike bacteria usually living in stagnant water
        subtype:  #ratbite_fever_bacterium__ratbitefeverbacterium__Spirillum_minus  a bacterium causing rat-bite fever
     subtype:  #vibrio__vibrion  curved rodlike motile bacterium
        subtype:  #comma_bacillus__Vibrio_comma  comma-shaped bacteria that cause Asiatic cholera
        subtype:  #Vibrio_fetus  bacteria that cause abortion in sheep
     subtype:  #enteric_bacteria__entericbacteria__enterobacteria__enterics  rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria; most occur normally or pathogenically in intestines of humans and other animals
        subtype:  #escherichia  a genus of enteric bacteria
           subtype:  #Escherichia_coli  normally present in intestinal tract of humans and other animals; sometimes pathogenic
        subtype:  #klebsiella  a genus of nonmotile rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; some cause respiratory and other infections
        subtype:  #salmonella  rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; cause typhoid fever and food poisoning
           subtype:  #Salmonella_enteritidis__Gartner's_bacillus  a form of salmonella that causes gastroenteritis in humans
           subtype:  #Salmonella_typhimurium  a form of salmonella that causes food poisoning in humans
           subtype:  #typhoid_bacillus__Salmonella_typhosa__Salmonella_typhi  a form of salmonella that causes typhoid fever
        subtype:  #shigella  rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; some are pathogenic for warm-blooded animals
           subtype:  #shiga_bacillus__Shigella_dysentariae  a bacillus that causes dysentery
        subtype:  #erwinia  rod-shaped motile bacteria that attack plants
     subtype:  #endospore-forming_bacteria__endosporeformingbacteria  a group of true bacteria
     subtype:  #rickettsias__rickettsia  rod-shaped microorganisms resembling both bacteria and viruses; live in biting arthropods and cause disease in vertebrate hosts
     subtype:  #chlamydia  coccoid rickettsia infesting birds and mammals; cause infections of eyes and lungs and genitourinary tract
     subtype:  #mycoplasma  the smallest self-reproducing prokaryote; lacks a cell wall and can survive without oxygen; can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infection
        subtype:  #pleuropneumonialike_organism__pleuropneumonialikeorganism__PPLO  antibiotic-resistant mycoplasma causing a kind of pneumonia in humans
     subtype:  #actinomycete  any bacteria (some of which are pathogenic for humans and animals) belonging to the order Actinomycetales
        subtype:  #streptomyces  aerobic bacteria (some of which produce the antibiotic streptomycin)
           subtype:  #Streptomyces_erythreus  source of the antibiotic erythromycin
           subtype:  #Streptomyces_griseus  source of the antibiotic streptomycin
           subtype:  #potato_scab_bacteria__Streptomyces_scabies  cause of a potato disease characterized by brownish corky tissue
     subtype:  #actinomyces__actinomyce  soil-inhabiting saprophytes and disease-producing plant and animal parasites
     subtype:  #mycobacteria__mycobacterium  rod-shaped bacteria some saprophytic or causing diseases
        subtype:  #tubercle_bacillus__Mycobacterium_tuberculosis  cause of tuberculosis
        subtype:  #leprosy_bacillus__Mycobacterium_leprae  cause of leprosy
     subtype:  #myxobacteria__myxobacterium__myxobacter__gliding_bacteria__glidingbacteria__slime_bacteria__slimebacteria  bacteria that form colonies in self-produced slime; inhabit moist soils or decaying plant matter or animal waste
     subtype:  #lactobacillus__lactobacillu  gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that produce lactic acid especially in milk
     subtype:  #streptococcus__streptococcu__streptococci__strep  spherical gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis
     subtype:  #spirochete__spirochaete  parasitic or free-living bacteria; many pathogenic to humans and other animals
        subtype:  #treponema  spirochete that causes disease in humans (e.g. syphilis and yaws)
        subtype:  #borrelia  cause of e.g. European and African relapsing fever
        subtype:  #Borrelia_burgdorferi__Lime_disease_spirochete  cause of Lyme disease; transmitted primarily by ticks of genus Ixodes
        subtype:  #leptospira  important pathogens causing Weil's disease or canicola fever

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