#mineral solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition
supertype: material.substance__stuff the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; "coal is a hard black material"; "wheat is the stuff they use to make bread"
substance of: rock
subtype: ader_wax__earth_wax__earthwax__mineral_wax__mineralwax__ozokerite__ozocerite a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles
subtype: amblygonite a white or gray mineral consisting of lithium aluminum phosphate; a source of lithium
subtype: amphibole a mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group
subtype: nephrite an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders
subtype: actinolite a green mineral of the amphibole group; calcium magnesium iron silicate
subtype: anthophyllite a dark brown mineral of the amphibole group; magnesium iron silicate
subtype: asbestos a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer
subtype: chrysotile a gray or green fibrous mineral; an important source of commercial asbestos
subtype: tremolite a white or pale green mineral (calcium magnesium silicate) of the amphibole group used as a form of asbestos
subtype: hornblende a green to black mineral of the amphibole group; consists of silicates of calcium and sodium and magnesium and iron
subtype: amphibole_group a group of minerals with similar crystal structures containing a silicate chain and combinations of chiefly sodium and calcium and magnesium and iron and aluminum
subtype: apatite a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus
subtype: fluorapatite a form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine
subtype: aragonite a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite
subtype: argentite a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)
subtype: argyrodite a rare steel-gray mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur
subtype: arsenopyrite__mispickel a silver-white or gray ore of arsenic
subtype: mineral_pitch__mineralpitch__asphalt a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons
subtype: augite dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium
subtype: baddeleyite a mineral consisting of zirconium oxide
subtype: zirconium__Zr__atomic_number_40 a lustrous gray strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon
subtype: bastnasite__bastnaesite a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements
subtype: bauxite a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst
subtype: beryl the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems
subtype: aquamarine a transparent variety of beryl that is blue green in color
subtype: emerald.beryl a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone
subtype: morganite a kind of pink beryl used as a gemstone
subtype: borax an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent
subtype: bornite__peacock_ore__peacockore a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits
subtype: carnallite a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium
subtype: cassiterite a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin
subtype: celestite a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate
subtype: cerussite__whiteleadore a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead
subtype: chalcocite__copper_glance a heavy gray mineral that is an ore of copper
subtype: chalcopyrite__copper_pyrites a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper-iron sulfide
subtype: chromite a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium
subtype: chrysoberyl a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone
subtype: alexandrite a green variety of chrysoberyl used as a gemstone
subtype: cinnabar a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury
subtype: cobaltite a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt
subtype: halite__rock_salt naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride
subtype: cordierite a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone
subtype: water_sapphire__watersapphire a deep blue cordierite often used as a gemstone
subtype: corundom__corundum very hard mineral used as an abrasive
subtype: alumina__aluminumoxide__aluminiumoxide any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum
subtype: alundum a substance made of fused alumina
subtype: ruby.corundom a transparent deep red variety of corundum; used as a gemstone and in lasers
subtype: sapphire.corundom a precious transparent stone of rich blue corundum valued as a gemstone
subtype: star_sapphire a sapphire that when cut shows a star-like figure in reflected light because of its crystalline structure
subtype: cristobalite a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks
subtype: cryolite__Greenland_spar a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine
subtype: cuprite a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper
subtype: dolomite a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer
subtype: earth_color a colored mineral used as a pigment
subtype: sienna an earth color containing ferric oxides; used as a pigment
subtype: burnt_sienna__burntsienna a reddish-brown pigment produced by roasting sienna
subtype: raw_sienna__rawsienna a yellowish-brown pigment made from untreated sienna
subtype: ochre__ocher any of various earths containing silica and alumina and ferric oxide; used as a pigment
subtype: sinopis__sinopi__sinopia__sinoper a red ocher formerly used as a pigment
subtype: yellow_ocher__yellow_ochre pigment consisting of a limonite mixed with clay and silica
subtype: umber an earth pigment
subtype: raw_umber greenish brown pigment
subtype: burnt_umber dark brown pigment obtained by heating umber
subtype: emery a hard gary-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)
subtype: fergusonite a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals
subtype: fluorite__fluorspar__fluor a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine
subtype: gadolinite__ytterbite a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium
subtype: galena soft blue-gray mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead
subtype: garnet any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive
subtype: almandite__almandine a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate
subtype: andradite a garnet consisting of calcium iron silicate and having any color ranging from yellow and green to brown and black; used as gemstone
subtype: demantoid a green andradite used as a gemstone
subtype: carbuncle.garnet deep-red cabochon-cut garnet cut without facets
subtype: cinnamon_stone__essonite__hessonite a garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown
subtype: pyrope a deep red garnet used as a gemstone
subtype: rhodolite a red or pink variety of garnet used as a gemstone
subtype: garnierite a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel
subtype: germanite a rare reddish-gray mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide
subtype: gibbsite white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina
subtype: glauconite a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand
subtype: greenockite__cadmium_sulphide__cadmiumsulphide ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form
subtype: gypsum a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)
subtype: alabaster a compact fine-textured usually white gypsum used for carving
subtype: terra_alba__terraalba finely pulverized gypsum used especially as a pigment
subtype: hausmannite a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese
subtype: heavy_spar__heavyspar__barite__barytes__baryte__barium_sulphate a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium
subtype: hemimorphite__calamine a white mineral; a common ore of zinc
subtype: ilmenite a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium
subtype: jadeite a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma
subtype: kainite a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer
subtype: kaolinite a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin
subtype: kernite a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron
subtype: kieserite a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines
subtype: kyanite__cyanite a gray or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory
subtype: langbeinite a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer
subtype: lechartelierite a mineral form of vitreous or glassy silica; formed by the melting of quartz sand (as by lightning or a meteorite)
subtype: magnesite a black magnetic mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium
subtype: malachite a green mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects
subtype: maltha__mineral_tar__mineraltar a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt
subtype: manganite a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese
subtype: sepiolite__meerschaum a white clayey mineral
subtype: mica__isinglass__isinglas any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
subtype: biotite dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock
subtype: lepidomelane a mica that is a biotite containing iron
subtype: lepidolite a mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium
subtype: muscovite a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium
subtype: damourite a variety of muscovite
subtype: paragonite a colorless or pale brown mica with sodium
subtype: phlogopite a brown form of mica consisting of hydrous silicate of potassium and magnesium and aluminum
subtype: zinnwaldite a mica containing iron and lithium
subtype: millerite a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel
subtype: molybdenite a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds
subtype: monazite a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium
subtype: niobite a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum
subtype: nitrocalcite the mineral form of calcium nitrate
subtype: olivine a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium
subtype: chrysolite a brown or yellow-green olivine found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a gemstone
subtype: peridot a pale green variety of chrysolite; used as a gemstone
subtype: olivenite rare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits
subtype: opal a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones
subtype: black_opal__blackopal a dark colored opal with internal reflections of green or red
subtype: fire_opal__girasol an opal with flaming orange and yellow and red colors
subtype: harlequin_opal__harlequinopal a reddish opal with small patches of brilliant color
subtype: ore a metal-bearing mineral valuable enough to be mined
subtype: dressed_ore__concentrate the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore
subtype: iron_ore an ore from which iron can be extracted
subtype: goethite__gothite a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust
subtype: chamosite a greenish gray or black silicate of iron and aluminum
subtype: taconite a variety of chert containing magnetite and hematite; mined as a low-grade iron ore
subtype: hematite__haematite the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form
subtype: lepidocrocite a red to reddish brown mineral consisting of iron oxide hydroxide (FeO(HO)); often found in iron ores together with goethite
subtype: limonite a widely occurring iron oxide ore; a mixture of goethite and hematite and lepidocrocite
subtype: magnetite__magnetic_iron-ore an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets
subtype: lodestone__loadstone magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically
subtype: chalybite__siderite iron ore in the form of ferrous carbonate
subtype: lead_ore ore containing lead
subtype: pay_dirt.ore__paydirt ore that yields a substantial profit to the miner
subtype: uranium_ore__uraniumore any ore from which uranium can be extracted
subtype: carnotite a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium
subtype: uraninite a mineral consisting of uranium oxide and trace amounts of radium and thorium and polonium and lead and helium; uraninite in massive form is called pitchblende which is the chief uranium ore
subtype: orpiment a yellow mineral occuring in conjunction with realgar; an ore of arsenic
subtype: pentlandite a mineral (iron-nickel sulphide) that is the chief ore of nickel
subtype: periclase__magnesia__magnesium_oxide__magnesiumoxide a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium
subtype: pinite grey or green or brown mineral similar to mica and containing aluminum and potassium sulphates
subtype: pollucite a rare mineral that is an important source of cesium
subtype: cesium__caesium__Cs__atomic_number_55 a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal
subtype: cesium_137 a radioactive isotope of cesium used in radiation therapy
subtype: psilomelane a mineral consisting of hydrated basic oxide of manganese and barium; a source of manganese
subtype: iron_pyrite__pyrite__fool's_gold a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color
subtype: pyrolusite a mineral consisting of manganese dioxide; an important source of manganese
subtype: pyromorphite__green_lead_ore a mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead
subtype: pyrophyllite a white or greenish aluminum silicate mineral (resembles talc)
subtype: pyroxene any of a group of crystalline silicate mineral common in igneous and metamorphic rocks
subtype: pyrrhotite__pyrrhotine__magnetic_pyrites a brownish iron sulfide mineral FeS having weak magnetic properties
subtype: quartz a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities
subtype: rock_crystal__transparent_quartz__transparentquartz a clear quartz used in making electronic and optical equipment
subtype: rhinestone an imitation diamond made from rock crystal or glass or paste
subtype: cairngorm__smoky_quartz__smokyquartz a smoky yellow or brown quartz
subtype: amethyst a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone
subtype: chalcedony__calcedony a milky or grayish translucent to transparent quartz
subtype: agate an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles
subtype: moss_agate an agate with brown, black, or green moss-like markings
subtype: bloodstone__heliotrope green chalcedony with red spots that resemble blood
subtype: carnelian__cornelian a translucent red or orange variety of chalcedony
subtype: chrysoprase a green variety of chalcedony valued as a gemstone
subtype: onyx a chalcedony with alternating black and white bands; used in making cameos
subtype: sardonyx an onyx characterized by parallel layers of sard and a different colored mineral
subtype: plasma.chalcedony a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone
subtype: sard__sardine__sardiu a deep orange-red variety of chalcedony
subtype: citrine semiprecious yellow quartz resembling topaz
subtype: rose_quartz a translucent rose-red variety of quartz used for ornaments
subtype: sunstone__aventurine a translucent quartz spangled with bits of mica or other minerals
subtype: goldstone aventurine spangled densely with fine gold-colored particles
subtype: common_topaz__topaz__false_topaz__falsetopaz a yellow quartz
subtype: realgar a rare soft orange mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide; an important ore of arsenic
subtype: red_clay__redclay clay whose redness results from iron oxide
subtype: rhodochrosite a mineral consisting of manganese carbonate; a source of manganese
subtype: rhodonite a pink or red mineral consisting of crystalline manganese silicate; used as an ornamental stone
subtype: rutile a mineral consisting of titanium dioxide in crystalline form; occurs in metamorphic and plutonic rocks and is a major source of titanium
subtype: samarskite a complex black mineral occuring in pegmatites
subtype: sapphirine a rare light blue or green mineral; consists of aluminum-magnesium silicate and occurs as small grains in some metamorphic rocks
subtype: scheelite a mineral used as an ore of tungsten
subtype: smaltite a gray mineral consisting of cobalt arsenide and nickel; an important source of cobalt and nickel
subtype: sodalite a vitreous mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate and sodium chloride in crystalline form; occurs in igneous rocks
subtype: spar.mineral any of various nonmetallic minerals (calcite or feldspar) that are light in color and transparent or translucent and cleavable
subtype: feldspar__felspar any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium
subtype: orthoclase a white or colored monoclinic feldspar
subtype: plagioclase any of a rock-forming series of triclinic feldspars
subtype: albite__white_feldspar__whitefeldspar a widely distributed rock-forming feldspar
subtype: anorthite rare plagioclastic feldspar occurring in many igneous rocks
subtype: moonstone a transparent or translucent gemstone with a pearly luster; some specimens are orthoclase feldspar and others are plagioclase feldspar
subtype: calcite a common mineral consisting of crystallized calcium carbonate; a major constituent of limestone
subtype: oriental_alabaster__alabaster__onyx_marble__Mexican_onyx a hard compact kind of calcite
subtype: chalk.calcite a soft whitish calcite
subtype: Iceland_spar a transparent calcite found in Iceland and used in polarizing microscopes
subtype: spinel a hard glassy mineral consisting of an oxide of magnesium and aluminum; occurs in various colors that are used as gemstones
subtype: spinel_ruby__ruby_spinel a spinel used as a gemstone (usually dark red)
subtype: almandine a purple variety of the ruby spinel
subtype: balas_ruby__balasruby__balas__bala a pale rose-colored variety of the ruby spinel
subtype: rubicelle a yellow or orange variety of ruby spinel
subtype: Ceylonite__pleonaste a dark-colored spinel containing iron
subtype: spodumene a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminum silicate; a source of lithium
subtype: kunzite a pinkish lilac crystal form of the mineral spodumene that is used as a gemstone
subtype: hiddenite a green transparent form of the mineral spodumene used as a gemstone
subtype: stannite__tin_pyrites a dark gray mineral with a metallic luster that is a source of tin
subtype: stibnite a soft gray mineral; the chief ore of antimony
subtype: strontianite a mineral consisting of strontium carbonate
subtype: sylvanite__graphic_tellurium__graphictellurium a silver-white mineral consisting of silver gold telluride; a source of gold in Australia and America
subtype: sylvite a mineral consisting of native potassium chloride; an important ore of potassium that is found in sedimentary beds
subtype: talc__talcum a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder
subtype: soapstone__soaprock__steatite a soft heavy compact variety of talc having a soapy feel; used to make hearths and tabletops and ornaments
subtype: French_chalk a soft white compact talc used to mark cloth or to remove grease stains
subtype: rensselaerite a kind of soft talc; sometimes used as wood filler
subtype: tantalite a mineral consisting of tantalum oxide of iron and manganese that occurs with niobite or in coarse granite; an ore of tantalum
subtype: thorite a radioactive mineral consisting of thorium silicate; it is a source of thorium that is found in coarse granite
subtype: thortveitite a mineral consisting of scandium yttrium silicate; a source of scandium
subtype: topaz a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone
subtype: tourmaline a mineral that is a complex borosilicate and hydroxide of aluminum containing iron and magnesium and calcium and lithium and sodium; it is usually black but occurs in transparent colored forms that are used as gemstones
subtype: tridymite a mineral form of silica
subtype: turquoise a blue to gray green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate; blue turquoise is valued as a gemstone
subtype: vanadinite a mineral consisting of chloride and vanadate of lead; a source of vanadium
subtype: vesuvianite__vesuvian__idocrase a green or yellow or brown mineral consisting of a hydrated silicate; it occurs as crystals in limestone and is used a gemstone
subtype: wolframite__iron_manganese_tungsten a mineral consisting of iron-manganese tungstate in crystalline form; the principal ore of tungsten; found in quartz veins associated with granitic rocks
subtype: wollastonite a white or grayish mineral typically found in metamorphic limestone; a silicate of calcium
subtype: wulfenite a yellow to orange or brown mineral used as a molybdenum ore
subtype: xenotime a brown-to-yellow mineral that is a phosphate of yttrium in crystalline form
subtype: zinc_blende__blende__sphalerite an ore that is the chief source of zinc; consists largely of zinc sulfide in crystalline form
subtype: zinkenite a steel gray metallic mineral (a sulphide of lead and antimony)
subtype: zircon__zirconium_silicate__zirconiumsilicate a common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent
subtype: jacinth__hyacinth a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone
subtype: jargoon a colorless (or pale yellow or smoky) variety of zircon
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