#instrument  a device that requires skill for proper use
  supertype:  #device  an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose; "the device is small enough to wear on your wrist"; "a device intended to conserve water"
  subtype:  #analyzer__analyser  an instrument that performs analyses
  subtype:  #cautery__cauterant  an instrument or substance used to destroy tissue for medical reasons (eg removal of a wart) by burning it with a hot iron or an electric current or a caustic or by freezing it
     subtype:  #cryocautery.cautery  an instrument for destroying tissue by freezing it
     subtype:  #searing_iron__searingiron  a hot iron used to destroy tissue
  subtype:  #drafting_instrument  an instrument used by a draftsman in making drawings
     subtype:  #compass.drafting_instrument__compas  drafting instrument used for drawing circles
     subtype:  #dividers  a drafting instrument resembling a compass that is used for dividing lines into equal segments or for transferring measurements
     subtype:  #protractor  drafting instrument used to draw or measure angles
     subtype:  #triangle.drafting_instrument  any of various triangular drafting instruments used to draw straight lines at specified angles
     subtype:  #T-square  a square used by draftsmen to draw parallel lines
  subtype:  #extractor  an instrument for extracting tight-fitting components
     subtype:  #forceps  an extractor consisting of a pair of pincers used in medical treatment (especially for the delivery of babies)
        subtype:  #lion-jaw_forceps  a type of forceps
        subtype:  #mouse-tooth_forceps__mousetoothforcep  a type of forceps
  subtype:  #instrument_of_execution  an instrument designed and used to take the life of a condemned person
     subtype:  #electric_chair__chair__deathchair__hot_seat__hotseat  an instrument of execution by electrocution; resembles a chair
     subtype:  #gallows__gallow__gallowstree__gibbet__gallous__gallou  instrument of execution consisting of a wooden frame from which condemned persons are executed by hanging
     subtype:  #garrote__garotte__garrotte__iron_collar  an instrument of execution for execution by strangulation
     subtype:  #gas_chamber__death_chamber__deathchamber  instrument of execution consisting of a sealed chamber into which poison gas is introduced; used to kill people or animals
     subtype:  #guillotine  instrument of execution that consists of a weighted blade between two vertical poles; used for beheading people
     subtype:  #stake  instrument of execution consisting of a vertical post that a victim is tied to for burning
  subtype:  #instrument_of_punishment  an instrument designed and used to punish a condemned person
     subtype:  #cangue  an instrument of punishment formerly used in China for petty criminals; consists of a heavy wooden collar enclosing the neck and arms
     subtype:  #cucking_stool__cuckingstool__ducking_stool__duckingstool  an instrument of punishment consisting of a chair in which offenders were ducked in water
     subtype:  #instrument_of_torture  an instrument of punishment designed and used to inflict torture on the condemned person
        subtype:  #iron_boot__boot__iron_heel  an instrument of torture that is used to crush the foot and leg
        subtype:  #iron_maiden  instrument of torture consisting of a hollow iron frame shaped like the human body and lined with spikes to impale the victim
        subtype:  #rack.instrument_of_torture__wheel  an instrument of torture that stretches or disjoints or mutilates victims
        subtype:  #thumbscrew.instrument_of_torture  instrument of torture that crushes the thumb
     subtype:  #paddle  an instrument of punishment consisting of a flat board
     subtype:  #pillory__stock  a wooden instrument of punishment on a post with holes for the neck and hands; offenders were locked in and so exposed to public scorn
     subtype:  #switch.instrument_of_punishment  a flexible implement used as an instrument of punishment
        subtype:  #birch_rod__birchrod__birch  bundle of birch twigs used to hit people as punishment
        subtype:  #cane.switch  a stiff switch used to hit students as punishment
        subtype:  #ferule  a switch (a stick or cane or flat paddle) used to punish children
        subtype:  #rattan__ratan  a switch made from the stems of the rattan palms
  subtype:  #measuring_instrument__measuringinstrument__measuring_system__measuringsystem__measuring_device__measuringdevice  instrument that shows the extent or amount or quantity or degree of something
     subtype:  #accelerometer  an instrument for measuring the acceleration of aircraft or rockets
     subtype:  #actinometer  an instrument for measuring the intensity of electromagnetic radiation (usually by the photochemical effect)
     subtype:  #algometer  device for measuring pain caused by pressure
     subtype:  #altazimuth  an instrument that measures the altitude and azimuth of celestial bodies; used in navigation
     subtype:  #altimeter  an instrument that measures the height above ground; used in navigation
        subtype:  #hypsometer  an altimeter that uses the boiling point of water to determine land elevation
     subtype:  #astrolabe  an early form of sextant
     subtype:  #atmometer__evaporometer  an instrument that measures rate of evaporation of water
     subtype:  #audiometer  an instrument used to measure the sensitivity of hearing
     subtype:  #barometer  an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
        subtype:  #aneroid_barometer__aneroidbarometer__aneroid  a barometer that measures pressure without using fluids
        subtype:  #barograph  a recording barometer; automatically records on paper the variations in atmospheric pressure
        subtype:  #mercury_barometer__mercurybarometer  barometer that shows pressure by the height of a column of mercury
        subtype:  #weatherglass  a simple barometer for indicating changes in atmospheric pressure
     subtype:  #bolometer  an instrument that measures heat radiation; extremely sensitive
     subtype:  #bubble_chamber  an instrument that records the tracks of ionizing particles
     subtype:  #burette  measuring instrument consisting of a graduated glass tube with a tap at the bottom; used for titration
     subtype:  #caliper__calipers__calliper__callipers__calliper  an instrument for measuring the distance between two points
        subtype:  #inside_caliper  caliper for measuring inside dimensions (the size of a cavity or hole); points on its legs curve outward
        subtype:  #micrometer_caliper__micrometer__micrometer_gauge  caliper for measuring small distances
        subtype:  #odd-leg_caliper__oddlegcaliper  caliper having the points on its legs both curve in the same direction
        subtype:  #outside_caliper__outsidecaliper  caliper for measuring outside dimensions; points on its legs curve inward
        subtype:  #vernier_caliper__vernier_micrometer__verniermicrometer  a caliper with a vernier scale for very fine measurements
     subtype:  #calorimeter  a measuring instrument that determines quantities of heat
        subtype:  #bomb_calorimeter__bomb  strong sealed vessel for measuring heat of combustion
     subtype:  #chronoscope  an instrument for accurate measurements of small intervals of time
        subtype:  #time-delay_measuring_instrument__time-delay_measuring_system  chronoscope for measuring the time difference between two events
     subtype:  #colorimeter__tintometer  a measuring instrument used in colorimetric analysis to determine the quantity of a substance from the color it yields with specific reagents
     subtype:  #counter_tube__countertube  a measuring instrument for counting individual ionizing events
        subtype:  #crystal_counter__crystalcounter  a counter tube in which an ionizing event increases conductivity
        subtype:  #Geiger_counter__Geiger-Muller_counter  counter tube that detects ionizing radiations
        subtype:  #proportional_counter_tube__proportional_counter  counter tube whose output pulse is proportional to number of ions produced
           subtype:  #boron_counter_tube__boroncountertube  a proportional counter tube for counting neutrons
        subtype:  #scintillation_counter__scintillationcounter  counter tube in which light flashes when exposed to ionizing radiation
     subtype:  #craniometer  an instrument for measuring skull sizes
     subtype:  #cryoscope  a measuring instrument for measuring freezing and melting points
     subtype:  #transit_declinometer__transitdeclinometer__declinometer  an instrument for measuring magnetic declination
     subtype:  #densimeter__densitometer  a measuring instrument for determining density or specific gravity
        subtype:  #dasymeter  densimeter consisting of a thin glass globe that is weighed in a gas to determine its density
     subtype:  #densitometer  a measuring instrument for determining optical or photographic density
        subtype:  #microphotometer  special kind of densitometer that measures density variations over a very small area
     subtype:  #dosemeter__dosimeter  a measuring instrument for measuring doses of ionizing radiation (X-rays or radioactivity)
     subtype:  #dynamometer  measuring instrument designed to measure power
     subtype:  #electrodynamometer  measuring instrument that uses the interaction of the magnetic fields of two coils to measure current or voltage or power
     subtype:  #electroscope  measuring instrument that detects electric charge; two gold leaves diverge owing to repulsion of charges with like sign
     subtype:  #eudiometer  measuring instrument consisting of a graduated glass tube for measuring volume changes in chemical reactions between gases
     subtype:  #gauge__gage  a measuring instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity or for testing conformity with a standard
        subtype:  #anemometer__wind_gauge  a gauge for recording the speed and direction of wind
        subtype:  #depth_gauge__depthgauge  a gauge for measuring the depth of grooves or holes or other concavities
        subtype:  #dipstick  a graduated rod dipped into a container to indicate the fluid level
        subtype:  #gasoline_gauge__gas_gauge__gasgauge  gauge that indicates the amount of gasoline left in the gasoline tank of a vehicle
        subtype:  #pressure_gauge  gauge for measuring and indicating fluid pressure
           subtype:  #manometer  a pressure gauge for comparing pressures of a gas
              subtype:  #tensimeter  a manometer for measuring vapor pressure
           subtype:  #sphygmomanometer  a pressure gauge for measuring blood pressure
        subtype:  #rain_gauge  gauge consisting of an instrument to measure the quantity of precipitation
        subtype:  #strain_gauge  an gauge for measuring strain in a surface
        subtype:  #surface_gauge__surfacegauge__scribing_block  gauge consisting of a scriber mounted on an adjustable stand; used to test the accuracy of plane surfaces
        subtype:  #vacuum_gauge  a gauge for indicating negative atmospheric pressure
        subtype:  #water_gauge__watergauge__water_gage__watergage__waterglas  gauge for indicating the level of water in e.g. a tank or boiler or reservoir
           subtype:  #water_level.water_gauge  a water gauge that shows the level by showing the surface of the water in a trough or U-shaped tube
        subtype:  #wire_gauge  gauge for measuring the diameter of wire
     subtype:  #graduate  a measuring instrument for measuring fluid volume; a glass container (cup or cylinder or flask) whose sides are marked with or divided into amounts
        subtype:  #graduated_cylinder__graduatedcylinder  a cylindrical graduate
     subtype:  #gravimeter__gravity_meter__gravitymeter  a measuring instrument for measuring variations in the gravitational field of the earth
     subtype:  #hematocrit__haematocrit  a measuring instrument to determine (usually by centrifugation) the relative amounts of corpuscles and plasma in the blood
     subtype:  #hydrometer__gravimeter  a measuring instrument for determining the specific gravity of a liquid or solid
        subtype:  #salinometer  a hydrometer that determines the concentration of salt solutions by measuring their density
        subtype:  #thermohydrometer__thermogravimeter  a hydrometer that includes a thermometer
     subtype:  #hygrometer  measuring instrument for measuring the relative humidity of the atmosphere
        subtype:  #hygrodeik  a wet and dry bulb hygrometer
        subtype:  #hygroscope  hygrometer that shows variations in the relative humidity of the atmosphere
        subtype:  #psychrometer  a hygrometer consisting of a dry-bulb thermometer and a wet-bulb thermometer; their difference indicates the dryness of the surrounding air
     subtype:  #dip_circle__dipcircle__inclinometer  a measuring instrument for measuring the angle of magnetic dip (as from an airplane)
     subtype:  #integrator__planimeter  a measuring instrument for measuring the area of an irregular plane figure
     subtype:  #interferometer  any measuring instrument that uses interference patterns to make accurate measurements of waves
     subtype:  #ionization_chamber__ionization_tube  a measuring instrument that measures the amount of ionizing radiation
        subtype:  #boron_chamber__boronchamber  an ionization chamber lined with boron or filled with boron trifluoride gas for counting low velocity neutrons
        subtype:  #Geiger_tube__Geiger-Muller_tube  an ionization chamber contained in a tube in a Geiger counter
     subtype:  #katharometer  measures thermal conductivity
     subtype:  #Kundt's_tube  a measuring instrument used to measure the speed of sound
     subtype:  #log.measuring_instrument  measuring instrument that consists of a float that trails from a ship by a knotted line in order to measure the ship's speed through the water
        subtype:  #harpoon_log__harpoonlog  a cylindrical log with a device that registers distance
        subtype:  #patent_log__screw_log__screwlog__taffrail_log  a torpedo-shaped log with rotary fins that measure the ship's speed
     subtype:  #measuring_stick__measuringstick__measure__measuring_rod__measuringrod  measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements
        subtype:  #board_rule__boardrule  a measure used in computing board feet
        subtype:  #ruler__rule  measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths
           subtype:  #carpenter's_rule__carpenter'srule  a rule used by a carpenter
           subtype:  #foot_rule  a ruler one foot long
           subtype:  #meterstick__metrestick  a rule one meter long (usually marked off in centimeters and millimeters)
           subtype:  #yard_measure__yardstick  a ruler or tape that is three feet long
        subtype:  #size_stick  a mechanical measuring stick used by shoe fitters to measure the length and width of your foot
     subtype:  #meter.measuring_instrument  any of various measuring instruments for measuring a quantity
        subtype:  #ammeter  a meter that measures the flow of electrical current in amperes
           subtype:  #milliammeter  a sensitive ammeter graduated in milliamperes
        subtype:  #electrometer  meter to measure electrostatic voltage differences; draws no current from the source
        subtype:  #fluxmeter  meter that measures magnetic flux by the current it generates in a coil
        subtype:  #galvanometer  meter for detecting or comparing or measuring small electric currents
           subtype:  #astatic_galvanometer__astaticgalvanometer  has a moving magnet and astatic coils arranged to cancel the effect of the Earth's magnetic field
           subtype:  #moving-coil_galvanometer  a galvanometer that is operated by the force exerted by an electric current flowing in a movable coil suspended in a magnetic field
              subtype:  #ballistic_galvanometer__ballisticgalvanometer  a moving-coil galvanometer that measures electric charge
        subtype:  #gas_meter__gasmeter__gasometer  a meter for measuring the amount of gas flowing through a particular pipe
        subtype:  #magnetometer__gaussmeter  an meter to compare strengths of magnetic fields
        subtype:  #odometer__hodometer__mileometer__milometer  a meter that shows mileage traversed
        subtype:  #ohmmeter  a meter for measuring electrical resistance in ohms
        subtype:  #postage_meter__postagemeter  meter for bulk mailings that imprints correct prepaid postage on pieces of mail and records the total charge
        subtype:  #radiometer  meter to detect and measure radiant energy (electromagnetic or acoustic)
           subtype:  #Crookes_radiometer  electromagnetic radiometer consisting of a small paddlewheel that rotates when placed in daylight
           subtype:  #radiomicrometer  radiometer that is extremely sensitive
           subtype:  #Rayleigh_disk  an acoustic radiometer consisting of a light disk suspended from a quartz thread; when exposed to a progressive sound wave its torque can measure velocity
        subtype:  #reflectometer  a meter that measures the reflectance of a surface
        subtype:  #speedometer__speed_indicator__speedindicator  a meter fixed to a vehicle that measures and displays its speed
           subtype:  #machmeter  speedometer for measuring the speed of an aircraft relative to the speed of sound
        subtype:  #taximeter  a meter in a taxi that registers the fare (based on the length of the ride)
        subtype:  #voltmeter  meter that measures the potential difference between two points
           subtype:  #electronic_voltmeter  a voltmeter whose sensitivity is increased by amplification
              subtype:  #digital_voltmeter__digitalvoltmeter  an electronic voltmeter that gives readings in digits
           subtype:  #millivoltmeter  sensitive voltmeter that can measure voltage in millivolts
        subtype:  #water_meter__watermeter  meter for measuring the quantity of water passing through a particular outlet
     subtype:  #nephoscope  a grid-like measuring instrument for measuring the altitude, direction, and velocity of movement of clouds
     subtype:  #octant  a measuring instrument for measuring angles to a celestial body; similar to a sextant but with 45 degree calibration
     subtype:  #oximeter  a measuring instrument that measures the oxygen in arterial blood
     subtype:  #pedometer  measuring instrument for recording the number of steps taken in walking
     subtype:  #pelvimeter  measuring instrument for performing pelvimetry
     subtype:  #photometer  measuring instrument for measuring the luminous intensity of a source by comparing it (visually or photoelectrically) with a standard source
        subtype:  #spectrophotometer  a photometer for comparing two light radiations wavelength by wavelength
     subtype:  #piezometer  a measuring instrument for measuring high pressures
     subtype:  #pipet__pipette  measuring instrument consisting of a graduated glass tube used to measure or transfer precise volumes of a liquid by drawing the liquid up into the tube
        subtype:  #eye_dropper__eyedropper__dropper  pipet consisting of a small tube with a vacuum bulb at one end for drawing liquid in and releasing it a drop at a time
     subtype:  #Pitot-static_tube__Pitot_tube  measuring instrument consisting of a combined Pitot tube and static tube that measures total and static pressure; used in aircraft to measure airspeed
     subtype:  #Pitot_tube  measuring instrument used to measure the velocity of fluid flow
     subtype:  #plethysmograph  a measuring instrument for measuring changes in volume of a part or organ or whole body (usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of blood it contains)
        subtype:  #body_plethysmograph  plethysmograph consisting of a chamber surrounding the entire body; used in studies of respiration
        subtype:  #digital_plethysmograph__digitalplethysmograph  plethysmograph applied to a digit of the hand or foot to measure skin blood flow
     subtype:  #potentiometer  a measuring instrument for measuring direct current electromotive forces
     subtype:  #quadrant  a measuring instrument for measuring altitude of heavenly bodies
     subtype:  #microwave_radar__microwaveradar__radar__radio_detection_and_ranging__radiodetectionandranging__radiolocation  measuring instrument in which the echo of a pulse of microwave radiation is used to detect and locate distant objects
        subtype:  #early_warning_radar__earlywarningradar  a radar that is part of an early warning system
        subtype:  #three-dimensional_radar__threedimensionalradar__3d_radar  radar that will report altitude as well as azimuth and distance of a target
        subtype:  #weather_radar__weatherradar  radar that is able to detect clouds and precipitation
     subtype:  #rangefinder__range_finder__rangefinder  a measuring instrument (acoustic or optical or electronic) for finding the distance of an object
     subtype:  #refractometer  measuring instrument for measuring the refractive index of a substance
     subtype:  #weighing_machine__scale  a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass
        subtype:  #balance.weighing_machine  a scale for weighing; depends on pull of gravity
           subtype:  #beam_balance  a balance consisting of a lever with two equal arms and a pan suspended from each arm
              subtype:  #analytical_balance__chemical_balance  a beam balance of great precision used in quantitative chemical analysis
           subtype:  #electronic_balance  balance that generates a current proportional to displacement of pan
           subtype:  #microbalance  balance for weighing very small objects
           subtype:  #spring_balance__spring_scale  a balance that measure weight by the tension on a helical spring
           subtype:  #steelyard__lever_scale__leverscale__beam_scale  a portable balance consisting of a pivoted bar with arms of unequal length
        subtype:  #weighbridge  platform scale flush with a roadway for weighing vehicles and cattle etc
     subtype:  #sclerometer  a measuring instrument that measures the hardness of materials by penetrating them with a stylus that has a diamond point
     subtype:  #sector.measuring_instrument  measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end
     subtype:  #seismograph  a measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and direction and duration of of movements of the ground (as an earthquake)
     subtype:  #sensitometer  a measuring instrument for measuring the light sensitivity of film over a range of exposures
     subtype:  #sextant  a measuring instrument for measuring the angular distance between celestial objects; resembles an octant
     subtype:  #sonar__echo_sounder__asdic  a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return (sonar is SOund NAvigation Ranging; asdic is Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee)
     subtype:  #spark_chamber__sparkchamber__spark_counter__sparkcounter  measuring instrument that detects ionizing radiation from elementary particles
     subtype:  #spherometer  a measuring instrument for measuring the curvature of a surface
     subtype:  #spirograph  a measuring instrument for recording the depth and rapidity of breathing movements
     subtype:  #spirometer  a measuring instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs
     subtype:  #static_tube  a measuring instrument used to measure static pressure in a stream of fluid
     subtype:  #synchroscope__synchronoscoppe__synchronizer  an instrument that indicates whether two periodic motions are synchronous (especially an instrument that enables a pilot to synchronize the propellers of a plane that has two or more engines)
     subtype:  #tachometer__tach  measuring instrument for indicating speed of rotation
        subtype:  #tachograph  a tachometer that produces a graphical record of its readings; used to record the speed and duration of trips in a motor vehicle
     subtype:  #tape_measure__tape__tapeline  measuring instrument consisting of a narrow strip (cloth or metal) marked in inches or centimeters and used for measuring lengths; "the carpenter should have used his tape measure"
     subtype:  #tensiometer  a measuring instrument for measuring the surface tension of a liquid
     subtype:  #wire_tensiometer__tensiometer  a measuring instrument for measuring the tension in a wire or fiber or beam
     subtype:  #moisture_tensiometer__tensiometer  a measuring instrument for measuring the moisture content of soil
     subtype:  #thermometer  measuring instrument for measuring temperature
        subtype:  #alcohol_thermometer__alcoholthermometer__alcohol-in-glass_thermometer  thermometer consisting of a glass capillary tube marked with degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit and containing alcohol which rises or falls as it expands or contracts with changes in temperature
        subtype:  #candy_thermometer__candythermometer  a thermometer used to determine the temperature of candy syrups during cooking
        subtype:  #Centigrade_thermometer  a thermometer calibrated in degrees centigrade
        subtype:  #cryometer  a thermometer designed to measure low temperatures
        subtype:  #dry-bulb_thermometer  an ordinary thermometer with a dry bulb; used to measure the air temperature
        subtype:  #Fahrenheit_thermometer  a thermometer calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit
        subtype:  #gas_thermometer__air_thermometer__airthermometer  thermometer that measures temperature by changes in the pressure of a gas kept at constant volume
        subtype:  #maximum_and_minimum_thermometer  thermometer that records the highest and lowest temperatures reached during a period of time
        subtype:  #meat_thermometer  a thermometer that is inserted into the center of a roast (with the top away from the heat source); used to measure how well done the meat is
        subtype:  #mercury_thermometer__mercurythermometer__mercury-in-glass_thermometer  thermometer consisting of mercury contained in a bulb at the bottom of a graduated sealed glass capillary tube marked in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit; mercury expands with a rise in temperature causing a thin thread of mercury to rise in the tube
           subtype:  #Beckman_thermometer  a mercury thermometer that measures small differences or changes in temperature
           subtype:  #mercury-in-glass_clinical_thermometer__clinical_thermometer  a mercury thermometer designed to measure the temperature of the human body; graduated to cover a range a few degrees on either side of the normal body temperature
        subtype:  #oven_thermometer  a thermometer that registers the temperature inside an oven
        subtype:  #pyrometer  a thermometer designed to measure high temperatures
           subtype:  #optical_pyrometer__opticalpyrometer__pyroscope  a pyrometer that uses the color of the light emitted by a hot object
           subtype:  #pyrometric_cone  a pyrometer consisting of a series of cones that melt at different temperatures
           subtype:  #radiation_pyrometer__radiationpyrometer  a pyrometer for estimating the temperature of distant sources of heat; radiation is focussed on a thermojunction connected in circuit with a galvanometer
           subtype:  #resistance_pyrometer  pyrometer that measures high temperatures by the resistance in a heated wire
        subtype:  #Reaumur_thermometer  an alcohol thermometer calibrated in degrees Reaumur
        subtype:  #resistance_thermometer__platinum_thermometer  thermometer that measures temperature by changes in the resistance of a spiral of platinum wire
        subtype:  #reversing_thermometer__reversingthermometer  a thermometer that registers the temperature in deep waters
        subtype:  #self-registering_thermometer  a thermometer that records the temperature automatically
        subtype:  #telethermometer  a thermometer that registers the temperature at some distant point
        subtype:  #thermocouple_junction__thermocouple  a kind of thermometer consisting of two wires of different metals that are joined at both ends; one junction is at the temperature to be measured and the other is held at a fixed lower temperature; the current generated in the circuit is proportional to the temperature difference
        subtype:  #thermoelectric_thermometer__thermel__electricthermometer  a thermometer that uses thermoelectric current to measure temperature
        subtype:  #thermometrograph__thermograph  a thermometer that records temperature variations on a graph as a function of time
        subtype:  #thermopile  a kind of thermometer for measuring heat radiation; consists of several thermocouple junctions in series
        subtype:  #wet-bulb_thermometer  a thermometer with a bulb that is covered with moist muslin; used in a psychrometer to measure humidity
     subtype:  #timepiece__timekeeper  a measuring instrument or device for keeping time
        subtype:  #atomic_clock  a timepiece that derives its time scale from the vibration of atoms or molecules
           subtype:  #ammonia_clock__ammoniaclock  an atomic clock based on vibrational frequency of the nitrogen atom in the ammonia molecule
           subtype:  #caesium_clock__caesiumclock  an atomic clock based on the energy difference between two states of the caesium nucleus in a magnetic field
        subtype:  #clock  a timepiece that shows the time of day
           subtype:  #alarm_clock__alarmclock__alarm  a clock that wakes sleeper at preset time
           subtype:  #Big_Ben  clock in the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, London
           subtype:  #chronometer  an accurate clock (especially used in navigation)
           subtype:  #cuckoo_clock  clock that announces the hours with a sound like the call of the cuckoo
           subtype:  #electric_clock  a clock using a small electric motor
           subtype:  #pendulum_clock  a clock regulated by a pendulum
              subtype:  #grandfather_clock__grandfatherclock__longcase_clock  a pendulum clock enclosed in a tall narrow case
           subtype:  #system_clock.clock__systemclock  a time-of-day clock in a computer system
           subtype:  #time_clock  clock used to record the hours that people work
           subtype:  #turret_clock  a clock with more than one dial to show the time in all directions from a tower
           subtype:  #wall_clock  a clock mounted on a wall
           subtype:  #water_clock__waterclock__clepsydra__water_glass__waterglas  clock that measures time by the escape of water
        subtype:  #sandglass__sandglas  timepiece in which the passage of time is indicated by the flow of sand from one transparent container to another through a narrow passage
           subtype:  #egg_timer__eggtimer  a sandglass that runs for three minutes; used to time the boiling of eggs
           subtype:  #hourglass__hourglas  a sandglass that runs for sixty minutes
        subtype:  #sundial  timepiece that indicates the daylight hours by the shadow that the gnomon casts on a calibrated dial
        subtype:  #timer  a timepiece that measures a time interval and signals its end
           subtype:  #chronograph  an accurate timer for recording time
           subtype:  #parking_meter__parkingmeter  a coin-operated timer located next to a parking space; depositing money into it entitles you to park your car there for a specified length of time
           subtype:  #stopwatch__stopo_watch__stopowatch  a timepiece that can be started or stopped for exact timing (as of a race)
        subtype:  #ticker__watch  a small portable timepiece
           subtype:  #analog_watch  a watch that represents time by the position of hands on a dial
           subtype:  #digital_watch__digitalwatch  a watch with a digital display
           subtype:  #hunting_watch__huntingwatch__hunter  a watch with a hinged metal lid to protect the crystal
           subtype:  #pendulum_watch  (18th century) a watch with a balance wheel having a fake pendulum attached to it
           subtype:  #pocket_watch  a watch that is carried in a small watch pocket
           subtype:  #stem-winder  a watch that is wound by turning a knob at the stem
           subtype:  #wristwatch__wrist_watch__wristwatch  a watch that is worn strapped to the wrist
     subtype:  #tonometer  measuring instrument for measuring tension or pressure (especially for measuring intraocular pressure in testing for glaucoma)
     subtype:  #torsion_balance__torsionbalance  measuring instrument designed to measure small forces by the torsion they exert on a thin wire
     subtype:  #variometer  a measuring instrument for measuring variations in a magnetic field
     subtype:  #Venturi_tube  a measuring instrument used to measure the rate of flow of a liquid
     subtype:  #viscometer__viscosimeter  a measuring instrument for measuring viscosity
  subtype:  #medical_instrument__medicalinstrument  instrument used in the practice of medicine
     subtype:  #ballistocardiograph__cardiograph  a medical instrument that measures the mechanical force of cardiac contractions and the amount of blood passing through the heart during a specified period by measuring the recoil of the body as blood is pumped from the ventricles
     subtype:  #bronchoscope  a slender tubular instrument used to examine the bronchial tubes
     subtype:  #cardiograph__electrocardiograph  medical instrument that records electric currents associated with contractions of the heart
     subtype:  #dialyzer__dialysis_machine  a medical instrument for separating substances in solution by unequal diffusion through semipermeable membranes
        subtype:  #artificial_kidney__hemodialyzer  a machine that uses dialysis to remove impurities and waste products from the bloodstream before returning the blood to the patient's body
     subtype:  #diathermy_machine__diathermymachine  a medical instrument for local heating of bodily tissues for medical purposes
        subtype:  #microwave_diathermy_machine__microwavediathermymachine  diathermy machine that uses microwave radiation as the source of heat
        subtype:  #shortwave_diathermy_machine__shortwavediathermymachine  a diathermy machine that uses short wave radiation as the source of heat
     subtype:  #electroencephalograph  medical instrument that records electric currents generated by the brain
     subtype:  #electromyograph  a medical instrument that records the electrical waves associated with the activity of skeletal muscles
     subtype:  #endoscope  a long slender medical instrument for examining the interior of a bodily organ or performing minor surgery
        subtype:  #arthroscope  a type of endoscope that is inserted into a joint for visual examination
        subtype:  #colonoscope  an elongated fiberoptic endoscope for examining the entire colon from cecum to rectum
        subtype:  #culdoscope  a specialized endoscope for visually examining a woman's pelvic organs
        subtype:  #gastroscope  a type of endoscope for visually examining the stomach
        subtype:  #laparoscope  a slender endoscope inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall in order to examine the abdominal organs or to perform minor surgery
        subtype:  #proctoscope  an endoscope for examining the rectum
        subtype:  #flexible_sigmoidoscope__sigmoidoscope  an endoscope (a flexible fiberoptic probe) for examining the sigmoid colon
     subtype:  #fiberscope  a flexible medical instrument involving fiber optics that is used to examine internal organs
     subtype:  #keratoscope  medical instrument to examine the cornea in order to detect irregularities in its anterior surface
     subtype:  #laryngoscope  a medical instrument for examining the larynx
     subtype:  #ophthalmoscope  medical instrument for examining the retina of the eye
        subtype:  #orthoscope  an ophthalmoscope with a layer of water to neutralize the refraction of the cornea
     subtype:  #otoscope  medical instrument consisting of a magnifying lens and light; used for examining the external ear (the auditory meatus and especially the tympanic membrane)
     subtype:  #polygraph  a medical instrument that records several physiological processes simultaneously (e.g., pulse rate and blood pressure and respiration and perspiration)
        subtype:  #lie_detector__liedetector  a polygraph that records bodily changes sometimes associated with lying
     subtype:  #rhinoscope  medical instrument consisting of a mirror mounted at an angle on a rod; used to examine the nasal passages (through the nasopharynx)
     subtype:  #speculum  a medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior
     subtype:  #stethoscope  a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body
        subtype:  #fetoscope__foetoscope  a stethoscope placed on the pregnant woman's abdomen to listen for the fetal heartbeat
     subtype:  #surgical_instrument  a medical instrument used in surgery
        subtype:  #curette__curet  a surgical instrument shaped like a scoop to remove tissue from a bodily cavity
        subtype:  #dermatome  a surgical instrument used to cut very thin slices of skin
        subtype:  #dilater__dilator  a surgical instrument that is used to dilate or distend an opening or an organ
        subtype:  #hemostat__haemostat  a surgical instrument that stops bleeding by clamping the blood vessel
        subtype:  #photocoagulator  surgical instrument containing a laser for use in photocoagulation
        subtype:  #probe.surgical_instrument  a flexible slender surgical instrument used to explore wounds or body cavities
        subtype:  #retractor  surgical instrument that holds back the edges of a surgical incision
        subtype:  #snare.surgical_instrument  a surgical instrument consisting of wire hoop that can be drawn tight around the base of polyps or small tumors to sever them; used especially in body cavities
        subtype:  #surgical_knife  a very sharp knife used in surgery
           subtype:  #catling  a long double-edged knife used for amputations
           subtype:  #lancet__lance  a surgical knife with a pointed double-edged blade; used for punctures and small incisions
           subtype:  #scalpel  a thin straight surgical knife used in dissection and surgery
        subtype:  #trephine__trepan  a surgical instrument used to remove sections of bone from the skull
     subtype:  #syringe  a medical instrument used to inject or withdraw fluids
        subtype:  #douche_bag__douche  a small syringe with detachable nozzles; used for vaginal lavage and enemas
        subtype:  #hypodermic_syringe__hypodermic__hypo  a piston syringe that is fitted with a hypodermic needle for giving injections
     subtype:  #thermograph  medical instrument that uses an infrared camera to reveal temperature variations on the surface of the body
  subtype:  #musical_instrument__musicalinstrument  an instrument used to produce music
     subtype:  #barrel_organ__grind_organ__hand_organ__hurdy_gurdy__street_organ  a musical instrument that makes music by rotation of a cylinder studded with pegs
     subtype:  #bass.musical_instrument__bas  the member with the lowest range of a family of musical instruments
        subtype:  #bass_fiddle__bass_viol__bull_fiddle__double_bass__contrabass__string_bass  largest and lowest member of the violin family
        subtype:  #bass_horn__sousaphone__Sousaphone__tuba  the lowest brass wind instrument
           subtype:  #euphonium  a bass horn (brass wind instrument) that is the tenor of the tuba family
           subtype:  #helicon__bombardon  a tuba that coils over the shoulder of the musician
        subtype:  #bombardon__bombard  a large shawm; the bass member of the shawm family
     subtype:  #calliope__steam_organ__steamorgan  a musical instrument consisting of a series of steam whistles played from a keyboard
     subtype:  #celesta  a musical instrument consisting of graduated steel plates that are struck by hammers activated by a keyboard
     subtype:  #electronic_instrument  a musical instrument that generates sounds electronically
        subtype:  #electric_organ__electronic_organ__Hammond_organ__organ  (music) an electronic simulation of a pipe organ
        subtype:  #synthesizer  (music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instruments
     subtype:  #Jew's_harp__jew's_harp__jew'sharp__Jews'_harp__jews'_harp__jews'harp__mouth_bow__mouthbow  a small lyre-shaped musical instrument that is placed between the teeth and played by twanging a wire tongue while changing the shape of the mouth cavity
     subtype:  #music_box__musicbox__musical_box__musicalbox  produces music by means of pins on a revolving cylinder that strike the tuned teeth of a comb-like metal plate
     subtype:  #percussion_instrument__percussive_instrument  a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by one object striking another
        subtype:  #bones__bone__castanets__castanet__clappers__finger_cymbals__maraca  a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance
        subtype:  #chime__bell__gong  a percussion instrument consisting of vertical metal tubes of different lengths that are struck with a hammer
           subtype:  #carillon  set of bells hung in a bell tower
           subtype:  #handbell  a bell that is held in the hand
        subtype:  #cymbal  a percussion instrument consisting of a concave brass disk; makes a loud crashing sound when hit with a drumstick or when two are struck together
           subtype:  #high-hat_cymbal__high_hat  cymbals that are operated by a foot pedal
           subtype:  #zill  one of a pair of small metallic cymbals worn on the thumb and middle finger; used in belly dancing in rhythm with the dance
        subtype:  #membranophone__drum__tympan  a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretch across each end
           subtype:  #bass_drum__gran_casa  a large drum with two heads; makes a sound of indefinite but very low pitch
           subtype:  #bongo_drum__bongodrum__bongo  a small drum; played with the hands
           subtype:  #snare_drum__snaredrum__snare__side_drum  a small drum with two heads and a snare stretched across the lower head
           subtype:  #tabor__tabour  a small drum with one head of soft calfskin
           subtype:  #tambour  a drum
           subtype:  #tambourine  a shallow drum with a single drumhead and with metallic disks in the sides
           subtype:  #tenor_drum__tenordrum  any of various drums with small heads
           subtype:  #timbrel  small hand drum similar to a tambourine; formerly carried by itinerant jugglers
        subtype:  #glockenspiel__orchestral_bells  a percussion instrument consisting of a set of graduated metal bars mounted on a frame and played with small hammers
        subtype:  #gong__tam-tam__tamtam  a percussion instrument consisting of a metal plate that is struck with a soft-headed drumstick
        subtype:  #kettledrum__kettle__tympanum__tympani__timpani  a large hemispherical brass or copper percussion instrument with a drumhead that can be tuned by adjusting the tension on it
        subtype:  #marimba__xylophone  a percussion instrument with wooden bars tuned to produce a chromatic scale and with resonators; played with small mallets
        subtype:  #forte-piano__fortepiano__piano__pianoforte  a stringed instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike tuned strings and produce sounds
           subtype:  #grand_piano__grandpiano__grand  a piano with the strings on a harp-shaped frame; usually supported by 3 legs
              subtype:  #baby_grand_piano__baby_grand__parlor_grand__parlor_grand_piano__parlour_grand__parlourgrand__parlour_grand_piano__parlourgrandpiano  a small grand piano
              subtype:  #concert_grand__concertgrand__concert_piano__concertpiano  a grand piano suitable for concert performances
           subtype:  #mechanical_piano__Pianola__player_piano  a mechanically operated piano that uses a roll of perforated paper to activate the keys
           subtype:  #upright_piano__uprightpiano__upright  a piano with a vertical sounding board
              subtype:  #spinet.upright_piano  small and compactly built upright piano
        subtype:  #steel_drum__steeldrum  a concave percussion instrument made from the metal top of an oil drum; has an array of flattened areas that produce different tones when struck (of Caribbean origin)
        subtype:  #triangle  a percussion instrument consisting of a metal bar bent in the shape of an open triangle
        subtype:  #vibraphone__vibraharp__vibes__vibe  an percussion instrument similar to a xylophone but having metal bars and rotating disks in the resonators that produce a vibrato sound
     subtype:  #stringed_instrument  a musical instrument in which taut strings provide the source of sound
        subtype:  #banjo  a stringed instrument of the guitar family that has long neck and circular body
        subtype:  #bowed_stringed_instrument__string  stringed instruments that are played with a bow; "the strings played superlatively well"
           subtype:  #bass_fiddle__bass_viol__bull_fiddle__double_bass__contrabass__string_bass  largest and lowest member of the violin family
           subtype:  #cello  a large stringed instrument; seated player holds it upright while playing
           subtype:  #viol  any of a family of bowed stringed instruments that preceded the violin family
              subtype:  #viola_da_braccio  a member of the viol family with approximately the range of a viola
              subtype:  #viola_da_gamba__bass_viol  viol that is the bass member of the viol family with approximately the range of the cello
              subtype:  #viola_d'amore__violad'amore  viol that is the tenor of the viol family
           subtype:  #viola.bowed_stringed_instrument  a bowed stringed instrument slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower
           subtype:  #violin__fiddle  bowed stringed instrument that is the highest member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow
              subtype:  #Amati  a violin made by a member of the Amati family
              subtype:  #Guarnerius  a violin made by a member of the guarneri family
              subtype:  #Stradavarius__Strad  a violin made by Antonio Stradivari or a member of his family
        subtype:  #chordophone  a stringed instrument of the group including harps, lutes, lyres, and zithers
           subtype:  #balalaika  a stringed instrument that has triangular body and three strings
           subtype:  #harp  a chordophone that has a triangular frame consisting of a sounding board and a pillar and a curved neck; the strings stretched between the neck and the soundbox are plucked with the fingers
              subtype:  #aeolian_harp__aeolianharp__aeolian_lyre__aeolianlyre__wind_harp  a harp having strings tuned in unison; they sound when wind passes over them
              subtype:  #lyre  a harp used by ancient Greeks for accompaniment
           subtype:  #lute  chordophone consisting of a plucked instrument having a pear-shaped body, a usually bent neck, and a fretted fingerboard
           subtype:  #mandolin  a stringed instrument related to the lute, usually played with a plectrum
              subtype:  #mandola  an early type of mandolin
        subtype:  #clavichord  an early stringed instrument like a piano but with more delicate sound
        subtype:  #clavier__Klavier  a stringed instrument that has a keyboard
           subtype:  #harpsichord  a clavier with strings that are plucked by plectra mounted on pivots
              subtype:  #spinet  early model harpsichord with only one string per note
              subtype:  #pair_of_virginals__virginal  a legless rectangular harpsichord; played (usually by women) in the 16th and 17th centuries
        subtype:  #dulcimer.stringed_instrument  a stringed instrument used in American folk music; an elliptical body and a fretted fingerboard and three strings
        subtype:  #guitar  a stringed instrument usually having six strings; played by strumming or plucking
           subtype:  #acoustic_guitar  sound is not amplified by electrical means
           subtype:  #electric_guitar  a guitar whose sound is amplified by electrical means
           subtype:  #gittern  medieval musical instrument resembling a guitar
           subtype:  #Hawaiian_guitar__steel_guitar__steelguitar  guitar whose steel strings are twanged while being pressed with a movable steel bar for a glissando effect
           subtype:  #uke__ukulele  (Hawaiian) a small guitar having four strings
        subtype:  #koto  Japanese stringed instrument that resembles a zither; has a rectangular wooden sounding box and silk strings that are plucked with the fingers
        subtype:  #forte-piano__fortepiano__piano__pianoforte  a stringed instrument that is played by depressing keys that cause hammers to strike tuned strings and produce sounds
        subtype:  #psaltery  an ancient stringed instrument similar to the lyre or zither but having a trapezoidal sounding board under the strings
        subtype:  #samisen  Japanese stringed instrument resembling a banjo with a long neck and a fretted fingerboard and a rectangular soundbox
        subtype:  #sitar  a stringed instrument of India; has a long neck and movable frets
        subtype:  #zither__cither__zithern  a musical stringed instrument with strings stretch over a flat sounding box; played with a plectrum and with fingers
           subtype:  #dulcimer  a trapezoidal zither whose metal strings are struck with light hammers
     subtype:  #wind_instrument__wind  a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by an enclosed column of air that is moved by the breath
        subtype:  #bagpipe__pipes__pipe  a wind instrument; the player blows air into a bag and squeezes it out through pipes
           subtype:  #musette__shepherd's_pipe  a small bagpipe formerly popular in France
        subtype:  #brass.wind_instrument__bras  a wind instrument that consists of a brass tube (usually of variable length) blown by means of a cup-shaped or funnel-shaped mouthpiece
           subtype:  #baritone_horn__baritone  the second lowest brass wind instrument
           subtype:  #bass_horn__sousaphone__Sousaphone__tuba  the lowest brass wind instrument
           subtype:  #bugle  a brass instrument without valves; used for military calls and fanfares
           subtype:  #clarion  a medieval brass instrument with a clear shrill tone
           subtype:  #cornet__horn__trumpet  a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone; has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves
              subtype:  #serpent  an obsolete bass cornet; resembles a snake
           subtype:  #flugelhorn__fluegelhorn  a brass instrument resembling a cornet but with a wider bore
           subtype:  #French_horn__horn  a brass musical instrument consisting of a conical tube that is coiled into a spiral and played by means of valves
           subtype:  #saxhorn  any of a family of brass wind instruments that resemble a bugle with valves
           subtype:  #trombone  a brass instrument consisting of a long tube whose length can be varied by a U-shaped slide
              subtype:  #sackbut  a medieval musical instrument resembling a trombone
        subtype:  #free-reed_instrument  a wind instrument with a free reed
           subtype:  #piano_accordion__pianoaccordion__accordion__squeeze_box__squeezebox  a portable box-shaped free-reed instrument; the reeds are made to vibrate by air from the bellows controlled by the player
           subtype:  #American_organ  a free-reed instrument in which air is drawn in through reeds by suction bellows
           subtype:  #concertina.free-reed_instrument  free-reed instrument played like an accordion by pushing its ends together to force air through the reeds
           subtype:  #harmonica__mouth_organ__mouthorgan__harp__mouth_harp__mouthharp  a small rectangular free-reed instrument having a row of free reeds set back in air holes and played by blowing into the desired hole
           subtype:  #harmonium__organ__reed_organ  a free-reed instrument in which air is forced through the reeds by bellows
        subtype:  #kazoo  a toy wind instrument that has a membrane that makes a sound when you hum into the mouthpiece
        subtype:  #ocarina__sweet_potato__sweetpotato  egg-shaped terra-cotta wind instrument with a mouthpiece and finger holes
        subtype:  #pipe_organ__organ  wind instrument whose sound is produced by means of pipes arranged in sets supplied with air from a bellows and controlled from a large complex musical keyboard
        subtype:  #organ_pipe__organpipe__pipe__pipework  the flues and stops on a pipe organ
           subtype:  #flue_pipe__flue__labial_pipe  organ pipe whose tone is produced by air passing across the sharp edge of a fissure or lip
           subtype:  #organ_stop__organstop  a graduated set of organ pipes of like tone quality
              subtype:  #diapason_stop__diapason  either of the two main stops on a pipe organ
              subtype:  #dulciana  the organ stop having a tone of soft sweet string quality
              subtype:  #flue_stop  an organ stop with the tone of a flue pipe
              subtype:  #reed_stop  an organ stop with the tone of a reed instrument
                 subtype:  #vox_humana__voxhumana  an organ reed stop producing tones imitative of the human voice
              subtype:  #sourdine  an organ stop resulting in a soft muted sound
              subtype:  #vox_angelica__voxangelica__voix_celeste  an organ stop producing a gentle tremolo effect
           subtype:  #reed_pipe  organ pipe with a vibrating reed
        subtype:  #panpipe__pandean_pipe__pandeanpipe__syrinx  a primitive wind instrument consisting of several parallel pipes bound together
        subtype:  #tabor_pipe__taborpipe__pipe  a tubular wind instrument
           subtype:  #chanter__melody_pipe  reed pipe with finger holes on which the melody is played
           subtype:  #drone_pipe__dronepipe__drone__bourdon  a pipe of the bagpipe that is tuned to produce a single continuous tone
           subtype:  #pitch_pipe__pitchpipe  a small pipe sounding a tone of standard frequency; used to establish the starting pitch for unaccompanied singing
        subtype:  #post_horn  wind instrument used by postilions of the 18th and 19th centuries
        subtype:  #woodwind_instrument__woodwind__wood  any wind instrument other than the brass instruments
           subtype:  #beating-reed_instrument__reed  a musical instrument that sounds by means of a reed
              subtype:  #double-reed_instrument  a woodwind that has a double reed
                 subtype:  #bassoon  a double-reed instrument; the tenor of the oboe family
                    subtype:  #contrabassoon__contrafagotto__double_bassoon  the bassoon that is the largest instrument in the oboe family
                    subtype:  #tenoroon  a tenor bassoon; pitched a fifth higher than the ordinary bassoon
                 subtype:  #English_horn__cor_anglais__coranglai  a double-reed woodwind instrument similar to an oboe but lower in pitch
                 subtype:  #krummhorn__crumhorn__cromorne  a Renaissance woodwind with a double reed and a curving tube (crooked horn)
                 subtype:  #oboe__hautboy__hautbois  a slender double-reed instrument; a woodwind with a conical bore and a double-reed mouthpiece
                    subtype:  #heckelphone__basset_oboe  a oboe pitched an octave below the ordinary oboe
                    subtype:  #musette_pipe__musettepipe  a small simple oboe
                    subtype:  #oboe_da_caccia  an alto oboe; precursor of the English horn
                    subtype:  #oboe_d'amore  a oboe pitched a minor third lower than the ordinary oboe; used to perform baroque music
                    subtype:  #shawm  a medieval oboe
                       subtype:  #bombardon__bombard  a large shawm; the bass member of the shawm family
              subtype:  #free-reed  a reed that does not fit closely over the aperture
              subtype:  #single-reed_instrument__single-reed_woodwind  a beating-reed instrument with a single reed (as a clarinet or saxophone)
                 subtype:  #clarinet  a single-reed instrument with a straight tube
                    subtype:  #bass_clarinet  a large clarinet whose range is an octave below the B-flat clarinet
                    subtype:  #basset_horn  a tenor clarinet; pitched in the key of F below the B-flat clarinet
                    subtype:  #B-flat_clarinet__licorice_stick  the ordinary clarinet with a middle range
                 subtype:  #pibgorn__hornpipe__stockhorn  an ancient (now obsolete) single-reed woodwind; usually made of bone
                 subtype:  #sax__saxophone  a single-reed woodwind with a conical bore
           subtype:  #fipple_flute__fipple_pipe__recorder__vertical_flute  a woodwind with a vertical pipe and 8 finger holes and a whistle mouthpiece
              subtype:  #treble_recorder__flageolet__shepherd'spipe  a small fipple flute with with four finger holes and two thumb holes
              subtype:  #pennywhistle__tin_whistle__tinwhistle__whistle  an inexpensive fipple flute
           subtype:  #transverse_flute__flute  a high-pitched woodwind instrument; a slender tube closed at one end with finger holes on one end and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown
              subtype:  #fife  a small high-pitched flute similar to a piccolo; has a shrill tone and is used chiefly to accompany drums in a marching band
              subtype:  #nose_flute  a flute that is played by blowing through the nostrils (used in some Asian countries)
              subtype:  #piccolo  a small flute; pitched an octave above the standard flute
  subtype:  #navigational_instrument  an instrument used for navigating
     subtype:  #artificial_horizon__gyro_horizon__flight_indicator  a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot
     subtype:  #compass__compas  navigational instrument for finding directions
        subtype:  #gyrocompass__gyrocompas  a compass that does not depend on magnetism but uses a gyroscope instead
        subtype:  #magnetic_compass  compass based on an indicator (as a magnetic needle) that points to the magnetic north
           subtype:  #compass_card__compasscard__mariner'scompas  compass in the form of a card that rotates so that 0 degrees or North points to magnetic north
     subtype:  #depth_finder__depthfinder  navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar)
        subtype:  #sonic_depth_finder__sonicdepthfinder__fathometer  depth finder for determining depth of water or a submerged object by means of ultrasound waves
     subtype:  #inclinometer  an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon
     subtype:  #sonar__echo_sounder__asdic  a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return (sonar is SOund NAvigation Ranging; asdic is Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee)
  subtype:  #optical_instrument__opticalinstrument  an instrument designed to aid vision
     subtype:  #binocular__fieldglasse__operaglasse  an optical instrument designed for simultaneous use by both eyes
     subtype:  #esophagoscope__oesophagoscope  an optical instrument for examining the inside of the esophagus
     subtype:  #jeweler's_glass  an optical instrument used by jewelers; has one or more lenses and is used to view features not readily seen
     subtype:  #periscope  an optical instrument that provides a view of an otherwise obstructed field
     subtype:  #projector  an optical instrument that projects an enlarged image onto a screen
        subtype:  #epidiascope  a projector for images for both transparent and opaque objects
        subtype:  #movie_projector__cine_projector__film_projector  projects successive frames from a reel of film to create moving pictures
           subtype:  #bioscope  a kind of early movie projector
        subtype:  #overhead_projector  a projector operated by a speaker; projects the image over the speaker's head
        subtype:  #slide_projector__slideprojector  projector that projects an enlarged image of a slide onto a screen
           subtype:  #magic_lantern__magiclantern  an early form of slide projector
     subtype:  #sight.optical_instrument  a optical instrument for aiding the eye in aiming, as on a firearm or surveying instrument
        subtype:  #bombsight  a sighting device in an aircraft for aiming bombs
        subtype:  #gunsight  a sight used for aiming a gun
           subtype:  #battlesight  an arrangement of sights that makes possible the rapid aiming of a firearm at short ranges
           subtype:  #open_sight  rear gunsight having an open notch instead of a peephole or telescope
           subtype:  #panoramic_sight__panoramicsight  gunsight (a telescopic device for an artillery piece) that can be rotated horizontally in a full circle
           subtype:  #peep_sight  rear gunsight having an adjustable eyepiece with a small aperture through which the front sight and the target are aligned
           subtype:  #telescopic_sight__telescope_sight  gunsight consisting of a telescope on a firearm for use as a sight
     subtype:  #spectacles__specs__spec__eyeglasses__glasses  optical instrument consisting of a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision
        subtype:  #goggles  spectacles worn to protect the eyes
        subtype:  #lorgnette  eyeglasses that are held to the eyes with a long handle
        subtype:  #pince-nez__pincenez  spectacles clipped to the nose by a spring
        subtype:  #sunglasses__dark_glasses__shades  spectacles that are darkened or polarized to protect the eyes from the glare of the sun; "he was wearing a pair of mirrored shades"
     subtype:  #prism_spectroscope__prismspectroscope__spectroscope  an optical instrument for spectrographic analysis
        subtype:  #mass_spectrometer__spectrometer  spectroscope for obtaining a mass spectrum by deflecting ions into a thin slit and measuring the ion current with an electrometer
           subtype:  #mass_spectrograph  a mass spectrometer that produces a graphical representation of the mass spectrum
        subtype:  #spectrograph  a spectroscope by which spectra can be photographed
           subtype:  #sound_spectrograph__soundspectrograph  a spectrograph for acoustic spectra
  subtype:  #plotter  an instrument (usually driven by a computer) for drawing graphs or pictures
  subtype:  #scientific_instrument  an instrument used by scientists
     subtype:  #particle_accelerator__accelerator__atom_smasher  a scientific instrument that increases the kinetic energy of charged particles
        subtype:  #betatron__induction_accelerator__inductionaccelerator  accelerates a continuous beam of electrons to high speeds by means of the electric field produced by changing magnetic flux
        subtype:  #charge-exchange_accelerator  an accelerator in which high-energy ions escape from plasma following charge exchange
        subtype:  #Cockcroft_and_Walton_accelerator__Cockcroft-Walton_accelerator__Cockcroft_and_Walton_voltage_multiplier__Cockcroft-Walton_voltage_multiplier  a high-voltage machine in which rectifiers charge capacitors that discharge and drive charged particles through an accelerating tube
        subtype:  #collider  an accelerator in which two beams of particles are forced to collide head on
           subtype:  #electron_accelerator  collider that consists of an accelerator that collides electrons and positrons
           subtype:  #proton_accelerator  a collider that collides beams of protons and antiprotons
           subtype:  #superconducting_supercollider__superconductingsupercollider  a collider that operates at very low temperatures
        subtype:  #cyclotron  an accelerator that imparts energies of several million electron-volts to rapidly moving particles
           subtype:  #bevatron  a cyclotron that accelerates protons up to several billion electron volts
           subtype:  #synchrocyclotron  cyclotron that achieves relativistic velocities by modulating the frequency of the accelerating electric field
           subtype:  #synchrotron  cyclotron in which the electric field is maintained at a constant frequency
              subtype:  #cosmotron  a large proton synchrotron; uses frequency modulation of an electric field to accelerate protons
        subtype:  #linear_accelerator__linac  ions are accelerated along a linear path by voltage differences on electrodes along the path
           subtype:  #microwave_linear_accelerator  linear accelerator that uses microwaves
     subtype:  #armillary_sphere__armillarysphere  model of the celestial sphere; used by early astronomers to determine the positions of stars
     subtype:  #console.scientific_instrument  a scientific instrument consisting of displays and an input device that an operator can use to monitor and control a system (especially a computer system)
     subtype:  #hodoscope  (physics) scientific instrument that traces the path of a charged particle
     subtype:  #kicksorter__pulse_height_analyzer  scientific instrument consisting of an electronic circuit that permits only voltage pulses of predetermined height to pass
     subtype:  #kymograph__cymograph  scientific instrument consisting of a rotating drum holding paper on which a stylus traces a continuous record (as of breathing or blood pressure)
     subtype:  #magnifier  a scientific instrument that magnifies an image
        subtype:  #microscope  magnifier of the image of small objects; "the invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell"
           subtype:  #electron_microscope  a microscope that is similar in purpose to a light microscope but achieves much greater resolving power by using a parallel beam of electrons to illuminate the object instead of a beam of light
              subtype:  #field-emission_microscope  electron microscope used to observe the surface structure of a solid
           subtype:  #light_microscope__lightmicroscope  microscope consisting of an optical instrument that magnifies the image of an object
              subtype:  #binocular_microscope__binocularmicroscope  a light microscope adapted to the use of both eyes
                 subtype:  #operating_microscope__operatingmicroscope  binocular microscope used in surgery to provide a clear view of small and inaccessible parts of the body (as in microsurgery)
              subtype:  #compound_microscope  light microscope that has two converging lens systems: the objective and the eyepiece
              subtype:  #simple_microscope__hand_glass__magnifying_glass  light microscope consisting of a single convex lens that is used to produce an enlarged image
                 subtype:  #jeweler's_loupe__jeweler'sloupe__loupe  small magnifying glass (usually set in an eyepiece) used by jewelers and horologists
              subtype:  #ultramicroscope__dark-field_microscope  light microscope that uses scattered light to show particles too small to see with ordinary microscopes
        subtype:  #telescope__scope  a magnifier of images of distant objects
           subtype:  #astronomical_telescope  any telescope designed to collect and record electromagnetic radiation from cosmic sources
              subtype:  #optical_telescope__opticaltelescope  an astronomical telescope designed to collect and record light from cosmic sources
                 subtype:  #reflecting_telescope__reflector  optical telescope consisting of a large concave mirror that produces an image that is magnified by the eyepiece
                    subtype:  #Cassegrainian_telescope__Gregorian_telescope  a reflecting telescope that has a paraboloidal primary mirror and a hyperboloidal secondary mirror; light is brought to a focus through an aperture in the center of the primary mirror
                    subtype:  #coude_telescope__coudetelescope__coude_system__coudesystem  a reflecting telescope so constructed that the light is led to a plate holder or spectrograph
                    subtype:  #Herschelian_telescope__off-axis_reflector  a reflecting telescope with the mirror slightly tilted to throw the image to the side where it can be viewed
                    subtype:  #Maksutov_telescope  reflecting telescope in which the aberration of the concave mirror is reduced by a meniscus lens
                    subtype:  #Newtonian_telescope__Newtonian_reflector  reflecting telescope in which the image is viewed through an eyepiece perpendicular to main axis
                    subtype:  #Schmidt_telescope__Schmidt_camera  reflecting telescope that has plate that corrects for aberration so a wide area of sky can be photographed
                 subtype:  #refracting_telescope  optical telescope that has a large convex lens that produces an image that is viewed through the eyepiece
                    subtype:  #field_glass__fieldglas__glass__glas__spyglas  a small refracting telescope
                    subtype:  #Galilean_telescope  a type of refracting telescope that is no longer used in astronomy
              subtype:  #radio_telescope__radiotelescope__radio_reflector__radioreflector  astronomical telescope that picks up electromagnetic radiations in the radio-frequency range from extra-terrestrial sources
                 subtype:  #radio_interferometer__radiointerferometer  radio telescope that uses interference patterns from two antennas instead of a parabolic antenna
           subtype:  #collimator.telescope  a small telescope attached to a large telescope to use in setting the line of the larger one
           subtype:  #solar_telescope__solartelescope  a telescope designed to make observations of the sun
           subtype:  #transit_instrument__transitinstrument  a telescope mounted on an axis running east and west and used to time the transit of a celestial body across the meridian
     subtype:  #microtome  scientific instrument that cuts thin slices of something for microscopic examination
     subtype:  #stroboscope__strobe__strobe_light  scientific instrument that provides a flashing light synchronized with the periodic movement of an object; can make moving object appear stationary
     subtype:  #tachistoscope__t-scope__tscope  scientific instrument used by psychologists; presents visual stimuli for brief exposures
     subtype:  #telemeter  any scientific instrument for observing events at a distance and transmitting the information back to the observer
  subtype:  #surveying_instrument__surveyinginstrument__surveyor's_instrument  an instrument used by surveyors
     subtype:  #alidade__alidad  surveying instrument used with a plane table for drawing lines of sight on a distant object and for measuring angles
     subtype:  #alidad__alidade  surveying instrument consisting of the upper movable part of a theodolite including the telescope and its attachments
     subtype:  #clinometer__inclinometer  an instrument used by surveyors in order to measure an angle of inclination or elevation
     subtype:  #plane_table__planetable  surveying instrument consisting of a drawing board and a ruler that are mounted on a tripod; used to sight and map topographical details
     subtype:  #range_pole__rangepole__ranging_pole__rangingpole__flagpole  surveying instrument consisting of a straight rod painted in bands of alternate red and white each one foot wide; used for sightings by surveyors
     subtype:  #surveyor's_level  surveying instrument consisting basically of a small telescope with an attached spirit level rotating around a vertical axis; for measuring relative heights of land
        subtype:  #Abney_level  a surveying instrument consisting of a spirit level and a sighting tube; used to measure the angle of inclination of a line from the observer to the target
        subtype:  #Dumpy_level  a surveyor's level having a short telescope fixed to a horizontally rotating table and a spirit level
     subtype:  #theodolite__transit  a surveying instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, consisting of a small telescope mounted on a tripod
        subtype:  #tachymeter__tacheometer  a theodolite designed for rapid measurements
  subtype:  #tracer.instrument  an instrument used to make tracings
  subtype:  #weapon__weapon_system__arm  instrument used in fighting or hunting; "he was licensed to carry a weapon"
     subtype:  #bow.weapon_system  curved piece of resilient wood with taut cord to propel arrows
        subtype:  #crossbow  a bow fixed transversely on a wooden stock grooved to direct the arrow (quarrel)
        subtype:  #Cupid's_bow  a curved bow with reversed curve ends
        subtype:  #handbow  a bow drawn by hand as distinguished from a crossbow
        subtype:  #longbow  a powerful wooden bow drawn by hand; usually 5-6 feet long; used in medieval England
     subtype:  #bow_and_arrow__bowandarrow  a weapon consisting of arrows and the bow to shoot them
     subtype:  #brass_knucks__knucks__brass_knuckles__knuckles__knuckle_duster__knuckleduster  a small metal weapon; worn over the knuckles on the back of the hand
     subtype:  #fire_ship  a weapon consisting of a ship carrying explosives that is set adrift to destroy enemy ships
     subtype:  #flamethrower  a weapon that squirts ignited fuel for several yards
     subtype:  #gun  a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)
        subtype:  #air_gun__airgun__airgun  a gun that propels a projectile by compressed air
           subtype:  #BB_gun  an air gun in which pellets are propelled by air pressure
        subtype:  #antiaircraft_gun__antiaircraft__flak__flack__pom-pom__pompom__ack-ack__ackack__ack-ack_gun__ackackgun  artillery designed to shoot upward at airplanes
           subtype:  #Bofors_gun  an automatic double-barreled antiaircraft gun
        subtype:  #breechloader  a gun that is loaded at the breech
        subtype:  #cannon.gun  heavy automatic gun fired from an airplane
        subtype:  #firearm__piece__small-arm__smallarm  a portable gun; "he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster"
           subtype:  #autoloader  a firearm that reloads itself
              subtype:  #automatic_firearm__automaticfirearm  a firearm that reloads itself and keeps firing until the trigger is released
                 subtype:  #automatic_pistol__automaticpistol__automatic  a pistol that will keep firing until the ammunition is gone or the trigger is released
                 subtype:  #automatic_rifle__automaticrifle__automatic__machine_rifle__machinerifle  light machine gun
                    subtype:  #assault_rifle  any of the automatic rifles with large magazines designed for military use
                    subtype:  #Browning_automatic_rifle__BAR  a portable .30 caliber magazine-fed automatic rifle operated by gas pressure; used by United States troops in World Wars I and II and in the Korean War
              subtype:  #semiautomatic_firearm__semiautomaticfirearm  an autoloader that fires only one shot at each pull of the trigger
                 subtype:  #Garand_rifle__Garand__M-1__M-1_rifle  a semiautomatic rifle
                 subtype:  #semiautomatic_pistol__semiautomaticpistol__semiautomatic  a pistol that is a semiautomatic firearm
                    subtype:  #Luger  (trademark) a German semiautomatic pistol
           subtype:  #machine_gun__machinegun  a rapidly firing automatic gun (often mounted)
              subtype:  #automatic_rifle__automaticrifle__automatic__machine_rifle__machinerifle  light machine gun
              subtype:  #Browning_machine_gun  a belt-fed machine gun capable of firing more than 500 rounds per minute; used by United States troops in World War II and the Korean War
              subtype:  #Gatling_gun  an early form of machine gun having several barrels that fire in sequence as they are rotated
              subtype:  #Maxim_gun  an obsolete water-cooled machine gun having a single barrel
              subtype:  #Spandau  a German machine gun
              subtype:  #submachine_gun  machine gun that is a portable automatic firearm
                 subtype:  #Bren_gun__Bren  a submachine gun operated by gas pressure; used by the British in World War II
                 subtype:  #burp_gun__machine_pistol__machinepistol  a fully automatic pistol; a small submachine gun
                 subtype:  #Kalashnikov  a type of submachine gun made in Russia
                 subtype:  #light_machine_gun__lightmachinegun  a submachine gun not greater than .30 millimeter
                 subtype:  #Tommy_gun__Thompson_submachine_gun  a .45-caliber submachine gun
                 subtype:  #Uzi  a type of submachine gun that is designed and manufactured in Israel; "the Uzi is the weapon of choice for America's crack pedlars"
           subtype:  #muzzle_loader  a firearm that is load through the muzzle
              subtype:  #arquebus__harquebus__harquebu__hackbut__hagbut  an obsolete firearm with a long barrel
              subtype:  #firelock__flintlock  a muzzle loader having a flintlock type of gunlock
              subtype:  #musket  a muzzle-loading shoulder gun with a long barrel; formerly used by infantrymen
                 subtype:  #blunderbuss  a short musket of wide bore with a flared muzzle
                 subtype:  #fusil  a light flintlock musket
                 subtype:  #matchlock  an early style of musket; had a slow burning wick that could be lowered into a hole in the breech to ignite the charge
           subtype:  #pistol__handgun__side_arm__shooting_iron  a firearm that is held and fired with one hand
              subtype:  #automatic_pistol__automaticpistol__automatic  a pistol that will keep firing until the ammunition is gone or the trigger is released
              subtype:  #derringer  a pocket pistol of large caliber with a short barrel
              subtype:  #forty-five__fortyfive  a .45-caliber pistol
              subtype:  #gat  (slang) a gangster's pistol
              subtype:  #horse_pistol__horsepistol__horsepistol  a large pistol (usually in a holster) formerly carried by horsemen
              subtype:  #peacekeeper  the pistol of a law officer in the old West
              subtype:  #revolver__six-gun__sixgun__six-shooter__sixshooter  a pistol with a revolving cylinder (usually having six chambers for bullets)
                 subtype:  #Colt  (trademark) a kind of revolver
              subtype:  #Saturday_night_special  a cheap handgun that is easily obtained
              subtype:  #semiautomatic_pistol__semiautomaticpistol__semiautomatic  a pistol that is a semiautomatic firearm
              subtype:  #Very_pistol__Verey_pistol  a pistol for firing Very-light flares
              subtype:  #zip_gun__zipgun  a crude homemade pistol
           subtype:  #repeating_firearm__repeatingfirearm__repeater  a firearm that can fire several rounds without reloading
              subtype:  #Mauser  trademark for a repeating rifle or pistol
           subtype:  #rifle  a shoulder firearm with a long barrel and a rifled bore; "he lifted the rifle to his shoulder and fired"
              subtype:  #carbine  light automatic rifle
              subtype:  #Garand_rifle__Garand__M-1__M-1_rifle  a semiautomatic rifle
              subtype:  #Winchester  (trade mark) a shoulder rifle
           subtype:  #shotgun__scattergun  firearm that is a double-barreled smoothbore shoulder weapon for firing shot at short ranges
              subtype:  #fowling_piece__fowlingpiece  a light shotgun used for fowling
              subtype:  #sawed-off_shotgun__sawedoffshotgun  a shotgun with short barrels
           subtype:  #.22__twenty-two  a .22 caliber firearm (pistol or rifle)
              subtype:  #twenty-two_pistol  a .22-caliber pistol
              subtype:  #twenty-two_rifle  a .22-caliber rifle
        subtype:  #gas_gun__gasgun  a gun that fires gas shells
        subtype:  #minute_gun  gun that is discharged once every minute (usually as part of a military funeral)
        subtype:  #Quaker_gun  a dummy gun or piece of artillery made usually of wood
        subtype:  #set_gun__setgun__spring_gun  a gun that is set to fire on any intruder that comes in contact with the wire that sets it off
        subtype:  #whaling_gun__whalinggun  a gun (or device resembling a gun) for discharging a projectile (especially a harpoon) at a whale
     subtype:  #knife.weapon_system  a weapon with a handle and blade with a sharp point
        subtype:  #bayonet  a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon
        subtype:  #sticker  a short knife with a pointed blade used for piercing or stabbing
           subtype:  #dirk  (Scottish) a long dagger with a straight blade
           subtype:  #poniard__bodkin  a dagger with a slender blade
           subtype:  #stiletto  a small dagger with a tapered blade
        subtype:  #flick-knife__flickknife  a knife with the blade hidden in the handle; the blade springs out when a button is pressed
        subtype:  #machete__panga  a large heavy knife used in Central and South America as a weapon or for cutting vegetation
        subtype:  #shiv  a knife used as a weapon
        subtype:  #trench_knife  a knife with a double-edged blade for hand-to-hand fighting
        subtype:  #yataghan  a long Turkish knife with a curved blade having a single edge
     subtype:  #nuclear_weapon__nuclearweapon  a weapon of mass destruction whose explosive power derives from a nuclear reaction
        subtype:  #atom_bomb__atomic_bomb__A-bomb__fission_bomb__fissionbomb__plutonium_bomb__plutoniumbomb  a nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission (splitting the nuclei of a heavy element (uranium 235 or plutonium 239))
           subtype:  #neutron_bomb__neutronbomb  atom bomb that produces lethal neutrons with less blast
        subtype:  #hydrogen_bomb__H-bomb__fusion_bomb__thermonuclear_bomb__thermonuclearbomb  a nuclear weapon that releases atomic energy by union of light (hydrogen) nuclei at high temperatures to form helium
        subtype:  #megaton_bomb__megatonbomb  a nuclear weapon with an explosive power equivalent to one million tons of TNT
     subtype:  #pike.weapon_system  medieval weapon consisting of a spearhead attached to a long pole or pikestaff; superseded by the bayonet
        subtype:  #halberd  a pike fitted with an ax head
        subtype:  #partizan__partisan  a pike with a long tapering double-edged blade with lateral projections; 16th and 17th centuries
        subtype:  #vouge  a kind of pike used by foot soldiers in the 14th century
     subtype:  #projectile__missile  a weapon that is thrown or projected
        subtype:  #arrow  a projectile with a straight thin shaft and an arrowhead on one end and stabilizing vanes on the other; intended to be shot from a bow
           subtype:  #broad_arrow  an arrow with a wide barbed head
           subtype:  #butt_shaft  an arrow without a barb; a target arrow
           subtype:  #quarrel  an arrow that is shot from a crossbow; has a head with four edges
        subtype:  #throwing_stick__boomerang__throw_stick  (Australian) a curved piece of wood; when properly thrown will return to thrower
           subtype:  #kylie__kiley  an Australian boomerang; one side flat and the other convex
        subtype:  #bullet__slug  a projectile that is fired from a gun
           subtype:  #dumdum_bullet__dumdum  a soft-nosed small-arms bullet that expands when it hits a target and causes a gaping wound
           subtype:  #rifle_ball__rifleball  a bullet designed to be fired from a rifle; no longer made spherical in shape
        subtype:  #cannonball__cannon_ball__round_shot__roundshot  a solid projectile that in former times was fired from a cannon
        subtype:  #dart.projectile  a small narrow pointed missile that is thrown or shot
           subtype:  #banderilla  a decorated dart that is implanted in the neck or shoulders of the bull during a bull fight
        subtype:  #seeker  a missile equipped with a device that is attracted toward some kind of emission (heat or light or sound or radio waves)
        subtype:  #shot.projectile__pellet  a solid missile discharged from a firearm; "the shot buzzed past his ear"
           subtype:  #BB_shot__BB  a small pellet fired from an air rifle or BB gun
           subtype:  #bird_shot__buckshot__duck_shot  small lead shot for shotgun shells
           subtype:  #grapeshot  a cluster of small projectiles fired together from a cannon to produce a hail of shot
           subtype:  #musket_ball__ball  a solid ball shot by a musket; "they had to carry a ramrod as well as powder and ball"
        subtype:  #spitball  a projectile made by chewing a piece of paper and shaping it into a sphere
     subtype:  #spear__lance__shaft  a long pointed rod used as a weapon
        subtype:  #assegai__assagai  the slender spear of the Bantu-speaking people of Africa
        subtype:  #javelin  a spear thrown as a weapon or in competitive field events
        subtype:  #trident  a spear with three prongs
     subtype:  #sword__blade__brand__steel  a cutting or thrusting weapon with a long blade
        subtype:  #backsword  a sword with only one cutting edge
        subtype:  #broadsword  a sword with a broad blade and (usually) two cutting edges; used to cut rather than stab
           subtype:  #claymore  a large double-edged broadsword; formerly used by Scottish Highlanders
        subtype:  #cavalry_sword__cavalrysword__saber__sabre  a stout sword with a curved blade and thick back
           subtype:  #scimitar  a curved oriental saber; the edge is on the convex side of the blade
        subtype:  #cutlas__cutlass__cutlas  a short heavy curved sword with one edge; formerly used by sailors
        subtype:  #Excalibur  the legendary sword of King Arthur
        subtype:  #falchion  a short broad slightly convex medieval sword with a sharp point
        subtype:  #fencing_sword__fencingsword  a sword used in the sport of fencing
           subtype:  #epee  a fencing sword similar to a foil but with a heavier blade
           subtype:  #foil.fencing_sword  a light slender flexible sword tipped by a button
           subtype:  #saber__sabre  a fencing sword with a v-shaped blade and a slightly curved handle
        subtype:  #rapier  a straight sword with a narrow blade and two edges
     subtype:  #tomahawk__hatchet  weapon consisting of a fighting ax; used by North American indians
     subtype:  #Greek_fire  a mixture used by Byzantine Greeks that was often shot at adversaries; catches fire when wetted
  subtype:  #whip  an instrument with a handle and a flexible lash that is used for whipping
     subtype:  #cat-o'-nine-tails__cat  a whip with nine knotted cords; "British sailors feared the cat"
     subtype:  #cowhide  a heavy flexible whip made of braided cowhide
     subtype:  #horsewhip  a whip for controlling horses
        subtype:  #buggy_whip__buggywhip  a horsewhip once used by a driver of a buggy; "since buggies have been replaced by cars the buggy whip has become a symbol for anything that is hopelessly outmoded"
     subtype:  #knout  a whip with a lash of leather thongs twisted with wire; used for flogging prisoners
     subtype:  #quirt  whip with a leather thong at the end
     subtype:  #riding_crop__hunting_crop__huntingcrop  a short whip with a thong at the end and a handle for opening gates
     subtype:  #scourge__flagellum  a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor)
     subtype:  #strap.whip  whip consisting of a strip of leather used in flogging
        subtype:  #tawse  (Scot) a leather strap for punishing children

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