#head__caput the upper or front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; "he stuck his head out the window"
supertype: #external_body_part any body part visible externally
subtype: #human_head the head of a human being
part of: #animal
part: #muzzle forward projecting part of the head of certain animals; includes the jaws and nose
part: #snout__neb a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose
part: #ear the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
part: #vestibule_of_the_ear the central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear
part: #eardrum__tympanum__tympanic_membrane__myringa the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
part: #umbo a slight rounded elevation where the malleus attaches to the eardrum
part: #organ_of_hearing the part of the ear that is responsible for sensations of sound
part: #fenestra a small membrane-covered opening (especially one in the bone between the middle and inner ear)
part: #auricular_artery__auricularartery__arteria_auricularis__arteriaauriculari artery that supplies blood to the ear
part: #basilar_artery__basilarartery__arteria_basilaris__arteriabasilari an unpaired artery; supplies the pons and cerebellum and the back part of the cerebrum and the inner ear
part: #encephalon__brain that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord
part: #fornix an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies
part: #carina_fornicis ridge on the lower surface of the fornix of the brain
part: #circle_of_Willis a ring of arteries at the base of the brain
part: #communicating_artery__communicatingartery__arteria_communicans__arteriacommunican any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
part: #brain_cell__braincell a nerve cell in the brain
part: #neencephalon__neoencephalon the part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts
part: #forebrain__prosencephalon the anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube
part: #peduncle a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain
part: #corpus_callosum a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
part: #telencephalon the anterior division of the forebrain; the cerebrum and related parts of the hypothalamus
part: #cerebrum anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans
part: #cerebral_hemisphere__hemisphere either half of the cerebrum
part: #cerebral_cortex__cerebral_mantle__pallium the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the gray matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum
part: #Golgi's_cell__Golgi_cell a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the gray matter
part: #cortical_area__cortical_region any of various regions of the cerebral cortex
part: #frontal_lobe__frontallobe that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying directly behind the forehead
part: #frontal_area__frontalarea__frontal_cortex__frontalcortex the cortex of the frontal lobe
part: #precentral_gyrus the convolution of the frontal lobe that is bounded in back by the central gyrus
part: #prefrontal_lobe the anterior part of the frontal lobe
part: #parietal_lobe that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying below the crown of the head
part: #postcentral_gyrus__postcentralgyru the convolution of parietal lobe that is bounded in front by the central gyrus
part: #occipital_lobe__occipitallobe that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying in the back of the head
part: #temporal_lobe that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying inside the temples of the head
part: #amygdala__amygdaloid_nucleus__corpus_amygdaloideum an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior
part: #gyrus__gyru__convolution a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain
part: #diencephalon__interbrain__betweenbrain__thalmencephalon the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon
part: #third_eye__thirdeye__pineal_eye a sensory structure capable of light reception located on the dorsal side of the diencephalon in various reptiles
part: #basal_ganglion__basalganglion any of several masses of subcortical gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere that seem to be involved in the regulation of voluntary movement
part: #thalamus large egg-shaped structures of gray matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon
part: #geniculate_body one of four small oval masses that protrude slightly from the underside of the thalamus and function as synaptic centers on the way to the cerebral cortex
part: #hypothalamus a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system
part: #midbrain__mesencephalon the middle portion of the brain
part: #hindbrain__rhombencephalon the posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and pons and medulla oblongata
part: #cerebellum a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans
part: #cerebellar_artery__arteria_cerebelli__arteriacerebelli an artery that supplies the cerebellum
part: #paleocerebellum the anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals
part: #medulla_oblongata__medullaoblongata__medulla lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb' is an old term for medulla oblongata); "the medulla oblongata is the most vital part of the brain because it contains centers controlling breathing and heart functioning"
part: #respiratory_center__respiratorycenter the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
part: #myelencephalon the posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults
part: #pons_Varolii__pons a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain
part: #respiratory_center__respiratorycenter the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
part: #brainstem__brain_stem__brainstem the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
part: #reticular_formation__reticularformation__RF a complex neural network in the central core of the brainstem; monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone
part: #reticular_activating_system__RAS the network in the reticular formation that serves an alerting or arousal function
part: #ventricle one of four connected cavities in the brain; is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid
part: #spinal_fluid__cerebrospinal_fluid__cerebrospinalfluid clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain; fills and protects cavities in the brain and spinal cord
part: #skull the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
part: #craniometric_point a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken
part: #cheekbone__zygomatic_bone__zygomaticbone__mala__malar_bone__malarbone__jugal_bone__jugalbone__os_zygomaticum the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek
part: #jugale__jugal_point__jugalpoint the craniometric point at the union of the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone
part: #zygoma__zygomatic_arch__zygomaticarch__arcus_zygomaticus__arcuszygomaticu the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
part: #zygomatic_process__zygomaticproces a slender process of the temporal bone that strengthens the zygomatic arch
part: #sphenoid_bone__sphenoid__os_sphenoidale butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull
part: #crotaphion the tip of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
part: #pterygoid_process__pterygoidproces two bony processes descending from the body of the sphenoid bone
part: #eye_socket__eyesocket__orbit__cranial_orbit__cranialorbit__orbital_cavity__orbitalcavity the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball
part: #lacrimal_bone small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts
part: #endocranium membrane lining the inside of the skull
part: #cranium__braincase__brainpan the part of the skull that encloses the brain
part: #asterion the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture
part: #stephanion the craniometric point on the coronal suture above the acoustic meatus
part: #ethmoid_bone__ethmoidbone__ethmoid one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity
part: #temporal_bone__os_temporale a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear
part: #glenoid_fossa__glenoidfossa__mandibular_fossa a deep concavity in the temporal bone at the root of the zygomatic arch that receives the condyle of the mandible
part: #tympanic_bone the bone enclosing the middle ear
part: #mastoid_process__mastoidproces__mastoid__mastoidal process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull
part: #mastoidale the craniometric point at the lowest point of the mastoid process
part: #styloid_process extends from the base of the temporal bone
part: #calvaria__skullcap the dome of the skull
part: #frontal_bone__frontalbone__os_frontale__forehead the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: the forehead and the upper part of the orbits
part: #glabella__mesophyron a smooth prominence of the frontal bone between and above the eyebrows; the most forward projecting point of the forehead in the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridges
part: #metopion the craniometric point midway between the frontal eminences of the skull
part: #ophryon the craniometric point in the midline of the forehead immediately above the orbits
part: #frontal_eminence__frontaleminence either prominence of the frontal bone above each orbit
part: #parietal_bone either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
part: #entomion the craniometric point at the tip of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone
part: #sphenion the anterior tip of the parietal bone
part: #occipital_bone__occipitalbone a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull
part: #inion the craniometric point that is the most prominent point at the back of the head (at the occipital protuberance)
part: #occipital_protuberance__occipitalprotuberance prominence on the outer surface of the occipital bone
part: #coronal_suture__coronalsuture__sutura_coronalis the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
part: #frontal_suture__frontalsuture__sutura_frontalis the suture between two halves of the frontal bone (usually obliterated by the age of 6)
part: #lamboid_suture__lamboidsuture__sutura_lamboidea the suture between the occipital and parietal bones
part: #occipitomastoid_suture__occipitomastoidsuture the suture between the occipital and the temporal bones; a continuation of the lamboid suture
part: #parietomastoid_suture the suture between the parietal and the temporal bones
part: #sagittal_suture__interparietal_suture__interparietalsuture__sutura_sagittalis the suture uniting the two parietal bones
part: #fontanelle__fontanel__soft_spot any membranous gap between the bones of the cranium in an infant or fetus
part: #foramen_magnum__foramenmagnum the large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes
part: #jaw the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth
part: #lower_jaw__lowerjaw__mandible__mandibula__submaxilla__lower_jawbone__lowerjawbone__jawbone__jowl the lower jawbone in vertebrates; it is hinged to open the mouth
part: #gnathion the most inferior point of the mandible in the midline
part: #gonion the craniometric point on either side at the apex of the lower jaw
part: #mandibular_notch small indentation in the middle of the lower jawbone
part: #pogonion the craniometric point that is the most forward-projecting point on the anterior surface of the chin
part: #symphysion the most forward point of the alveolar process of the mandible
part: #condylar_process__condyloid_process__condyloidproces__mandibular_condyle the condyle of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the skull
part: #coronoid_process_of_the_mandible the coronoid process that provides an attachment for the temporal muscle
part: #coronion the craniometric point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible
part: #upper_jaw__upperjaw__upper_jawbone__upperjawbone__maxilla the upper jawbone in vertebrates ; it is fused to the cranium
part: #hard_palate the bony part of the roof of the mouth
part: #intermaxillary_suture__sutura_intermaxillaris the suture between the two maxillae of the upper jawbone
part: #alveolar_arch the part of the upper or lower jawbones in which the teeth are set
part: #alveolar_ridge__gum_ridge__gumridge__alveolar_process a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth
part: #tooth_socket__toothsocket__alveolus a bony socket in the alveolar ridge that holds a tooth
part: #alveolar_artery__arteria_alveolaris a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process
part: #vomer thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
part: #human_face__humanface the front of the head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; "he washed his face"; "I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news"
part: #face_fungus__beard__whiskers the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face
part: #mustache__moustache an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip; "he looked younger after he shaved off his mustache"
part: #mouth the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth"
part: #oral_cavity__mouth__oral_fissure__rima_oris the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; "he stuffed his mouth with candy"
part: #dentition__teeth the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal
part: #lingua__tongue__glossa__clapper a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity
part: #tastebud__taste_bud__tastebud__gustatory_organ__gustatoryorgan an oval sensory end organ on the surface of the tongue
part: #neuroepithelium epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
part: #taste_cell__tastecell__gustatory_cell__gustatorycell an epithelial cell in a taste bud that activates sensory fibers of the facial nerve or the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve
part: #buccal_cavity the cavity between the jaws and the cheeks
part: #gingiva__gum the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth
part: #palate__roof_of_the_mouth the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities
part: #tastebud__taste_bud__tastebud__gustatory_organ__gustatoryorgan an oval sensory end organ on the surface of the tongue
part: #soft_palate__velum a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking
part: #uvula a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate
part: #hard_palate the bony part of the roof of the mouth
part: #salivary_gland any of three pairs of glands in the mouth and digestive system that secrete saliva for digestion
part: #saliva__spit__spittle a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches
part: #lip fleshy folds of tissue as those surrounding the mouth
part: #labial_artery__arteria_labialis a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lips of the mouth
part: #labial_vein__vena_labialis a vein draining the lips of the mouth
part: #lingual_artery__lingualartery__arteria_lingualis__arterialinguali an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue
part: #lingual_vein__lingualvein__vena_lingualis a vein that receives blood from the tongue and the floor of the mouth and empties into the internal jugular or the facial vein
part: #eye__oculu__optic__peeper the organ of sight (`peeper' is an informal term for `eye')
part: #choroid_coat__choroidcoat__choroid a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera
part: #ciliary_body__ciliarybody the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris
part: #eyelid__lid either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; "his lids would stay open no longer"
part: #eyelash__lash__cilium any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids
part: #conjunctiva a transparent membrane covering the eyeball and under surface of the eyelid
part: #canthus either of the corners of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet
part: #epicanthus__epicanthic_fold a vertical fold of skin over the nasal canthus; normal for Mongolian peoples; sometimes occurs in Down's syndrome
part: #nictitating_membrane__nictitatingmembrane__thirdeyelid a protective fold of skin in the eyes of reptiles and birds and some mammals
part: #conjunctiva a transparent membrane covering the eyeball and under surface of the eyelid
part: #eyeball the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye
part: #ocular_muscle__eye_muscle__eyemuscle one of the small muscles of the eye that serve to rotate the eyeball
part: #cornea transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the lens and iris and is continuous with the sclera
part: #uvea the part of the eye that contains the iris and ciliary body and choroid
part: #iris muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil; it forms the colored portion of the eye
part: #pupil contractile aperture in the iris of the eye
part: #crystalline_lens__lens biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; it focuses light waves on the retina
part: #lens_capsule a tenuous mesoblastic membrane surrounding the lens
part: #central_artery_of_the_retina__arteria_centralis_retinae__arteriacentralisretinae a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic nerve
part: #ciliary_artery__ciliaryartery__arteria_ciliaris one of several arteries supplying the choroid coat of the eye
part: #lacrimal_artery__arteria_lacrimalis an artery that originates from the ophthalmic artery and supplies the lacrimal gland and rectal eye muscles and the upper eyelid and the forehead
part: #lacrimal_vein__vena_lacrimalis drains the lacrimal gland; empties into the superior ophthalmic vein
part: #lacrimal_apparatus the structures that secrete and drain tears from the eye
part: #lacrimal_gland__lachrymal_gland__lachrymalgland__tear_gland any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears
part: #lacrimal_duct__lachrymal_duct__lachrymalduct__tear_duct any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands
part: #lacrimal_sac__tear_sac__dacryocyst either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands
part: #retina the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve
part: #neuroepithelium epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
part: #fovea_centralis__foveacentrali__fovea area consisting of a small depression in the retina containing cones and where vision is most acute
part: #parafovea area of the retina immediately surrounding the fovea
part: #macula_lutea__macula__macular_area__maculararea__yellow_spot a yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones
part: #visual_cell one of the cells of the retina that is sensitive to light
part: #blind_spot__blindspot__optic_disc__opticdisc__optic_disk__opticdisk the point where the optic nerve enters the retina; not sensitive to light
part: #retinal_cone__retinalcone__cone__cone_cell visual receptor cell sensitive to color
part: #iodopsin a violet photopigment in the retinal cones of the eyes of most vertebrates; plays a role in daylight vision
part: #retinal_rod__retinalrod__rod__rodcell visual receptor cell sensitive to dim light
part: #visual_purple__rhodopsin__retinal_purple__retinalpurple a red photopigment in the retinal rods of vertebrates; dissociates into retinene by light
part: #sclera__sclerotic_coat__scleroticcoat whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering of the eyeball
part: #pupillary_sphincter__pupillarysphincter__musculus_sphincter_pupillae a ring of smooth muscle surrounding the iris
part: #eyebrow__brow__supercilium the arch of hair above each eye
part: #venae_palpebrales__venaepalpebrale veins of the eyelids
part: #facial_vein__vena_facialis any of several veins draining the face
part: #facial_nerve__facial__nervus_facialis__seventh_cranial_nerve__seventhcranialnerve cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles
part: #olfactory_organ__olfactoryorgan__nose the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals; "he has a cold in the nose"
part: #turbinate_bone__turbinatebone__turbinate__turbinal any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in man and other vertebrates
part: #ethmoidal_artery__ethmoidalartery__arteriaethmoidali a branch of the ophthalmic artery supplying structures in and around the nasal capsule
part: #nasal_cavity__nasalcavity either of the two cavities lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth and extending from the face to the pharynx
part: #neuroepithelium epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
part: #internasal_suture__sutura_internasalis the suture between the two nasal bones
part: #bridge.anatomical_structure the hard ridge that forms the upper part of the nose; "her glasses left marks on the bridge of her nose"
part: #nasal_bone__nasalbone__nasal__osnasale an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose
part: #rhinion the anterior tip at the end of the suture of the nasal bones
part: #nostril__anterior_naris either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose
part: #chin__mentum the protruding part of the lower jaw
part: #goatee a small chin beard trimmed into a point; named for its resemblance to a goat's beard
part: #lineament__feature the characteristics parts of a person's face: eyes and nose and mouth and chin; "an expression of pleasure crossed his features"; "his lineaments were very regular"
part: #facial_muscle any of the skeletal muscles of the face
part: #brow__forehead the part of the face above the eyes
part: #trichion__crinion point where the hairline meets the midpoint of the forehead
part: #cheek either side of the face below the eyes
part: #cheek_muscle__cheekmuscle__buccinator_muscle__musculus_buccinator a muscle that flatten the cheek and retracts the angle of the mouth
part: #buccal_artery__arteria_buccalis a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the buccinator muscle and the cheek
part: #jowl a fullness and looseness of the flesh of the lower cheek and jaw (characteristic of aging)
part: #jaw.lineament the bones of the skull that frame the mouth and serve to open it; the bones that hold the teeth
part: #temple.lineament the flat area on either side of the forehead; "the veins in his temple throbbed"
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