#chemical_compound__compound (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight
supertype: substance__matter that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter"
subtype: vanillin a crystalline compound found in vanilla beans and some balsam resins; used in perfumes and flavorings
subtype: acceptor.chemical_compound (chemistry) in the formation of a coordinate bond it is the compound to which electrons are donated
subtype: adduct a compound formed by an addition reaction
subtype: antiknock any of various compounds that are added to gasoline to reduce engine knocking
subtype: tetraethyl_lead__lead_tetraethyl a clear oily poisonous liquid added to gasoline to prevent knocking
subtype: acid any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
subtype: alkapton__alcapton__homogentisic_acid an acid formed as an intermediate product of the metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine
subtype: arsenic_acid__arsenicacid an acid formed from arsenic pentoxide
subtype: cerotic_acid__ceroticacid__hexacosanoic_acid a white solid fatty acid found in waxes (such as beeswax)
subtype: chloric_acid__chloricacid (HClO3) a strong unstable acid with an acrid odor found in chlorate salts
subtype: chlorous_acid (HClO2) a strongly oxidizing acid; known only in solution
subtype: monobasic_acid__monobasicacid an acid containing only one replaceable hydrogen atom per molecule
subtype: dibasic_acid__dibasicacid an acid containing two replaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule
subtype: tribasic_acid an acid containing three replaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule
subtype: tetrabasic_acid an acid containing four replaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule
subtype: fulminic_acid (CNOH) an unstable acid occurring mainly in the form of explosive salts and esters that is isomeric with cyanic acid
subtype: gamma_acid__gammaacid a crystalline acid used to make azo dyes
subtype: hydriodic_acid__hydriodicacid (HI) a colorless or yellow aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide; "hydriodic acid is a strong acid"
subtype: hydrocyanic_acid__hydrocyanicacid__hydrogen_cyanide__Prussic_acid a weak poisonous acid (HCN) used in fumigating and in synthesis of organic compounds
subtype: hydroxy_acid__hydroxyacid any acid that has hydroxyl groups in addition to the hydroxyl group in the acid itself
subtype: hydroxybenzoic_acid a crystalline derivative of benzoic acid
subtype: juniperic_acid__junipericacid a crystalline acid found in the exudations of some conifers
subtype: salicylic_acid__salicylicacid__2-hydroxybenzoic_acid a white crystalline substance with a bitter aftertaste; used as a fungicide or in making aspirin or dyes or perfumes
subtype: tartaric_acid an acid found in many fruits; used in soft drinks and confectionery and baking powder
subtype: racemic_acid__racemicacid the optically inactive form of tartaric acid that is often found in grape juice
subtype: hyponitrous_acid__hyponitrousacid an explosive white crystalline weak acid (H2N2O2)
subtype: lysergic_acid a crystalline acid often used in medical research; obtained from ergotic alkaloids
subtype: manganic_acid a dibasic acid (H2MnO4) found only in solution and in manganate salts
subtype: methacrylic_acid__methacrylicacid__2-methylpropenoic_acid__2methylpropenoicacid an unsaturated acid (C4H6O2) used to make resins and plastics
subtype: selenic_acid__selenicacid a strong acid (H2SeO4) analogous to sulfuric acid
subtype: sulfonic_acid__sulphonic_acid__sulphonicacid n acid derived from sulphuric acid
subtype: titanic_acid__titanicacid a white weak acid that is a hydrated form of titanium dioxide
subtype: perchloric_acid a powerful oxidizing agent; forms perchlorates
subtype: carboxylic_acid an organic acid characterized by one or more carboxyl groups
subtype: acetic_acid__ethanoic_acid a colorless pungent liquid widely used in manufacturing plastics and pharmaceuticals
subtype: acetum a dilute solution of acetic acid that is used as a solvent (e.g. for a drug)
subtype: trichloroacetic_acid__trichloroaceticacid__trichloracetic_acid a strong acid made by chlorinating acetic acid
subtype: vinegar dilute acetic acid
subtype: hexanedioic_acid__hexanedioicacid__adipic_acid a carboxylic acid used in the manufacture of nylon
subtype: mucic_acid__mucicacid a solid acid (C6H10O8) found in milk or sugar
subtype: suberic_acid__subericacid__octanedioic_acid__octanedioicacid a dicarboxylic acid found in cork
subtype: succinic_acid a dicarboxylic acid (C4H6O4) active in metabolic processes
subtype: saccharic_acid__saccharicacid a white dicarboxylic acid formed from oxidation of sugar or starch
subtype: sebacic_acid__sebacicacid__decanedioicacid a dicarboxylic acid used to make resins
subtype: sorbic_acid a white crystalline carboxylic acid used as a preservative
subtype: valeric_acid__valericacid__pentanoic_acid__pentanoicacid a clear liquid carboxylic acid used in perfumes and drugs
subtype: fatty_acid__fattyacid any of a class of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that form part of a lipid molecule and can be derived from fat by hydrolysis
subtype: saturated_fatty_acid__saturatedfattyacid a fatty acid whose carbon chain cannot absorb any more hydrogen atoms; found chiefly in animal fats
subtype: margaric_acid__heptadecanoic_acid__heptadecanoicacid a colorless crystalline synthetic fatty acid
subtype: butyric_acid__butyricacid__butanoic_acid an unpleasant smelling fatty acid found especially in butter
subtype: hydroxybutyric_acid__oxybutyric_acid hydroxy derivative of butyric acid
subtype: beta-hydroxybutyric_acid beta derivative of hydroxybutyric acid that is found in the blood and urine in some cases of impaired metabolism
subtype: capric_acid__decanoic_acid a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats; has an unpleasant smell resembling goats
subtype: caproic_acid__caproicacid__hexanoic_acid a fatty acid found in animal oils and fats or made synthetically; smells like goats
subtype: caprylic_acid a fatty acid having a rancid taste; found in butter and other fats and oils
subtype: lauric_acid__dodecanoic_acid a crystalline fatty acid occurring as glycerides in natural fats and oils (especially coconut oil and palm-kernel oil)
subtype: myristic_acid__tetradecanoic_acid__tetradecanoicacid a saturated fatty acid occurring naturally in animal and vegetable fats
subtype: palmitic_acid__hexadecanoic_acid a saturated fatty acid that is the major fat in meat and dairy products
subtype: stearic_acid__stearicacid__octadecanoic_acid a waxy saturated fatty acid; occurs widely as a glyceride in animal and vegetable fats
subtype: unsaturated_fatty_acid__unsaturatedfattyacid a fatty acid whose carbon chain can absorb additional hydrogen atoms
subtype: monounsaturated_fatty_acid__monounsaturatedfattyacid an unsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has one double or triple valence bond per molecule; found chiefly in olive oil and chicken and almonds
subtype: elaidic_acid__elaidicacid a monounsaturated fatty acid that has the same structure as oleic acid except that it is a trans fatty acid; the major trans fatty acid in margarine and fried foods
subtype: oleic_acid__oleicacid a colorless oily liquid occurring as a glyceride; it is the major fatty acid in olive oil and canola oil; used in making soap and cosmetics and ointments and lubricating oils
subtype: polyunsaturated_fatty_acid__polyunsaturatedfattyacid an unsaturated fatty acid whose carbon chain has more than one double or triple valence bond per molecule; found chiefly in fish and corn and soybean oil and safflower oil
subtype: alpha-linolenic_acid__alphalinolenicacid a polyunsaturated fatty acid most abundant in canola oil; a fatty acid essential for nutrition
subtype: docosahexaenoic_acid__docosahexaenoicacid a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish (especially tuna and bluefish)
subtype: elcosapentaenoic_acid a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish (especially tuna and bluefish)
subtype: linoleic_acid__linolic_acid__linolicacid a liquid polyunsaturated fatty acid abundant in plant fats and oils; a fatty acid essential for nutrition; used to make soap
subtype: linolenic_acid__linolenicacid a liquid polyunsaturated fatty acid that occurs in some plant oils; an essential fatty acid
subtype: ricinoleic_acid an oily fatty acid found in castor oil and used in soap
subtype: eleostearic_acid__eleostearicacid__elaeostearicacid a crystalline unsaturated fatty acid
subtype: trans_fatty_acid__transfattyacid a fatty acid that has been been produced by hydrogenating an unsaturated fatty acid (and so changing its shape); found in processed foods such as margarine and fried foods and puddings and commercially baked goods and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils
subtype: elaidic_acid__elaidicacid a monounsaturated fatty acid that has the same structure as oleic acid except that it is a trans fatty acid; the major trans fatty acid in margarine and fried foods
subtype: benzoic_acid__benzoicacid a white crystalline solid occurring in many resins
subtype: propionic_acid__propionicacid__propanoic_acid__propanoicacid a liquid fatty acid found in milk and sweat and in fuel distillates
subtype: lactic_acid a clear odorless hygroscopic syrupy carboxylic acid found in sour milk and in many fruits
subtype: propenoic_acid__propenoicacid__acrylic_acid__acrylicacid an unsaturated liquid carboxylic acid used in the manufacture of acrylic resins
subtype: aminobenzoic_acid a derivative of benzoic acid
subtype: nitric_acid__aqua_fortis acid used especially in the production of fertilizers and explosives and rocket fuels
subtype: nitrous_acid__nitrousacid an unstable inorganic acid known only in solution and as nitrite salts
subtype: aqua_regia__nitrohydrochloric_acid__nitrohydrochloricacid a yellow fuming corrosive mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid that dissolves metals (including gold)
subtype: barbituric_acid__malonylurea a white crystalline acid derived from pyrimidine; used in preparing barbiturate drugs
subtype: lansoprazole__Prevacid antacid (trade name Prevacid) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach
subtype: boracic_acid__boracicacid__boric_acid__boricacid any of various acids containing boron and oxygen
subtype: perboric_acid a form of boric acid
subtype: boric_acid__boricacid__orthoboric_acid__orthoboricacid a white or colorless slightly acid solid that is soluble in water and ethanol; used in the manufacture of glass and paper and adhesives and in detergents and as a flux in welding; also used as an antiseptic and food preservative
subtype: bromic_acid an unstable acid used as an oxidizing agent
subtype: carbamic_acid an acid that is known only by virtue of its salts (as ammonium carbamate) or its esters (as urethane)
subtype: carbolic_acid__carbolicacid__phenol__hydroxybenzene__oxybenzene__phenylic_acid a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally
subtype: carbonic_acid a weak acid known only in solution; formed when carbon dioxide combines with water
subtype: chromic_acid__chromicacid an unstable acid known only in solution and as chromate salts
subtype: citric_acid a weak water-soluble acid found in many fruits (especially citrus fruits); used as a flavoring agent
subtype: cyanamide a weak soluble dibasic acid (the parent acid of cyanamide salts)
subtype: cyanic_acid a colorless poisonous volatile liquid acid that hydrolyzes readily to ammonia and carbon dioxide
subtype: cyanuric_acid a trimer of cyanic acid
subtype: ferricyanic_acid__ferricyanicacid (H3Fe(CN)6), a brown unstable acid formed from ferricyanide
subtype: ferrocyanic_acid__ferrocyanicacid (H4Fe(CN)6), a white unstable acid formed from ferrocyanide salts
subtype: fluoroboric_acid__fluoroboricacid an acid of fluorine and boron
subtype: fluosilicic_acid__fluosilicicacid__hydrofluosilicic_acid an unstable poisonous corrosive acid know primarily in the form of its salts
subtype: formic_acid a colorless; pungent fuming vesicatory liquid acid HCOOH found in ants and many plants; used in finishing textiles
subtype: fumaric_acid__fumaricacid a colorless crystalline acid with a fruity taste; used in making polyester resins
subtype: gallic_acid a colorless crystalline acid obtained from tannin
subtype: glyceric_acid a syrupy acid obtained by oxidation of glycerol or glyceraldehyde
subtype: glycolic_acid__glycollic_acid__glycollicacid__hydroxyacetic_acid__hydroxyaceticacid a translucent crystalline compound found in sugar cane and sugar beets and unripe grapes
subtype: hydrobromic_acid__hydrobromicacid an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide that is a strong liquid acid
subtype: hydrochloric_acid an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride; a strongly corrosive acid
subtype: muriatic_acid a former name for hydrochloric acid
subtype: hydrogen_chloride a colorless corrosive gas: HCl
subtype: hydrofluoric_acid a weak poisonous liquid acid; formed by solution of hydrogen fluoride in water
subtype: hydroiodic_acid an acid formed by aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide
subtype: hypochlorous_acid a weak unstable acid known only in solution and in its salts; used as a bleaching agent and as an oxidizing agent
subtype: iodic_acid__iodicacid a soluble crystalline acid; used as a reagent and disinfectant
subtype: isocyanic_acid__isocyanicacid an acid known only in the form of its esters
subtype: itaconic_acid a crystalline carboxylic acid; occurs in some fermentations of sugars
subtype: maleic_acid a colorless crystalline compound found in unripe fruit (such as apples or tomatoes or cherries) and used mainly to make polyester resins
subtype: oxalacetic_acid__oxalaceticacid__oxaloacetic_acid__oxaloaceticacid an acid formed by oxidation of maleic acid (as in metabolism of fats and carbohydrates)
subtype: oxalic_acid__ethanedioic_acid__ethanedioicacid a toxic colorless crystalline organic acid found in oxalis and other plants; used as a bleach and rust remover and in chemical analysis
subtype: oxyacid__oxygen_acid any acid that contains oxygen
subtype: hypophosphoric_acid a crystalline tetrabasic acid (H4P2O6)
subtype: hypophosphorous_acid__hypophosphorousacid__phosphorous_acid__phosphorousacid__orthophosphorous_acid a clear or yellow-colored monobasic acid (H3PO2)
subtype: polyphosphoric_acid a series of oxyacids of phosphorus
subtype: metaphosphoric_acid a glassy solid acid ([HPO3]n) often used as a dehydrating agent
subtype: pyrophosphoric_acid a solid acid formed by reactions of orthophosphoric acid
subtype: periodic_acid__periodicacid any oxygen-containing acid of iodine
subtype: phosphoric_acid__orthophosphoric_acid__orthophosphoricacid an acid used in fertilizers and soaps: H3PO4
subtype: tungstic_acid an oxyacid of tungsten (often polymeric in nature) formed by neutralizing alkaline tungstate solutions
subtype: vanadium_pentoxide__vanadic_acid__vanadicacid any of various oxyacids of vanadium; known mostly in the form of its salts
subtype: pantothenic_acid__pantothenicacid a vitamin of the vitamin B complex that performs an important role in the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates and certain amino acids; occurs in many foods
subtype: para_aminobenzoic_acid__PABA a metabolic acid found in yeast and liver cells; used to make dyes and drugs and sunblockers
subtype: pectic_acid a complex acid that occurs in ripe fruit and some vegetables
subtype: permanganic_acid__permanganicacid an unstable purple acid (HMnO4) known only in solution or of permanganate salts
subtype: phthalic_acid a colorless acid used to make dyes and perfumes
subtype: picric_acid a yellow toxic highly explosive strong acid; used in high explosives and as a dye and in chemical reactions
subtype: pyruvic_acid__pyruvicacid a colorless acid formed as an important intermediate in metabolism or fermentation
subtype: dichromic_acid__dichromicacid the hypothetical acid (H2Cr2O7) from which dichromates are derived; known only in solution and in the form of dichromate salts
subtype: silicic_acid__silicicacid a jelly-like substance (hydrated silica)
subtype: sulfanilic_acid__sulphanilic_acid__sulphanilicacid a crystalline acid made from aniline and used as a dye
subtype: thiocyanic_acid an unstable acid that can be obtained by distilling a thiocyanate salt
subtype: toluic_acid an isomeric acid derived from toluene
subtype: triphosphoric_acid__triphosphoricacid an acid that is a partial anhydride of three molecules of phosphoric acid; known chiefly in the form of its salts and esters
subtype: undecylenic_acid__undecylenicacid an acid that is a component of perspiration
subtype: uric_acid a white tasteless odorless crystalline product of protein metabolism; found in the blood and urine
subtype: oil_of_vitriol__vitriol__sulfuricacid__sulphuric_acid__sulphuricacid (H2SO4) a highly corrosive acid made from sulfur dioxide; widely used in the chemical industry
subtype: battery_acid__batteryacid__electrolyte_acid__electrolyteacid dilute sulfuric acid used in storage batteries
subtype: xanthic_acid__xanthicacid any of a class of unstable organic acids containing sulphur
subtype: arsenide a compound of arsenic with a more positive element
subtype: anionic_compound__anioniccompound a compound characterized by an active anion
subtype: base__alkali any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water; "bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia"
subtype: pyridine a toxic colorless flammable liquid organic base with a disagreeable odor; usually derived from coal
subtype: triphosphopyridine a pyridine ring with three phosphorus groups
subtype: purine a colorless crystalline nitrogen-containing organic base; the parent compound of various biologically important substances
subtype: purine.base any of several bases that are derivatives of purine
subtype: adenine (biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
subtype: guanine a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine
subtype: imidazole__iminazole__glyoxaline an organic base C3H4N2; a histamine inhibitor
subtype: melamine__cyanuramide a white crystalline organic base; used mainly in making melamine resins
subtype: pyrimidine any of several basic compounds derived from pyrimidine
subtype: cytosine a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine
subtype: thymine a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine
subtype: uracil a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine
subtype: binary_compound chemical compound composed of only two elements
subtype: sodium_chloride__common_salt a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)
subtype: halite__rock_salt naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride
subtype: ammonia a pungent gas compounded of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3)
subtype: calcium_carbide a gray salt of calcium (CaC) used in making acetylene
subtype: water__H2O binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; "he asked for a drink of water"
subtype: tap_water__tapwater water directly from the spigot
subtype: drinking_water water suitable for drinking
subtype: bottled_water__bottledwater drinking water (often spring water) that is put into bottles and offered for sale
subtype: branch_water pure natural water from a stream or brook; often distinguished from soda water
subtype: spring_water water from a spring
subtype: sugar_water__sugarwater water sweetened with sugar
subtype: ice_water__icewater water served ice-cold or with ice
subtype: soda_water__carbonated_water__club_soda__seltzer__sparkling_water__sparklingwater effervescent beverage artificially charged with carbon dioxide
subtype: mineral_water__mineralwater water naturally or artificially impregnated with mineral salts or gasses; often effervescent; often used therapeutically
subtype: seltzer naturally effervescent mineral water
subtype: Vichy_water sparkling mineral water from springs at Vichy France or similar to it
subtype: lithia_water mineral water containing lithium salts
subtype: bath_water water used for a bath
subtype: dishwater water in which dishes and cooking utensils are washed
subtype: distilled_water water that has been purified by distillation
subtype: holy_water water that has been blessed by a priest for use in symbolic purification
subtype: ground_water__spring_water__well_water underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks
subtype: hard_water water that contains salts that prevent the formation of lather with soap
subtype: limewater solution of calcium hydroxide in water used as an antacid
subtype: seawater__saltwater__brine water containing salts; "the water in the ocean is all saltwater"
subtype: red_tide__redtide seawater that is discolored by large numbers of certain dinoflagellates that produce saxitoxin
subtype: fresh_water__freshwater water that is not salty
subtype: rain__rainwater drops of fresh water that fall as precipitation from clouds
subtype: slush partially melted snow
subtype: soft_water water that is not hard (does not contain salts that interfere with the formation of lather with soap)
subtype: bilge_water__bilge water accumulated in the bilge of a ship
subtype: water_of_crystallization__water_of_hydration the water present in hydrated compounds
subtype: hydride any binary compound formed by the union of hydrogen and other elements
subtype: hydrazoic_acid__hydrazoicacid__azoimide__hydrogen_azide__HN a colorless explosive liquid that is volatile and poisonous and foul-smelling
subtype: calcium_hydride__calciumhydride__hydrolith a salt-like binary compound (CaH2) used as a reducing agent and source of hydrogen
subtype: sodium_hydride a flammable gray crystalline binary compound (NaH)
subtype: chelate_compound__chelatecompound__chelate a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions
subtype: taurine a colorless crystalline substance obtained from the bile of mammals
subtype: chromogen a compound that can be converted to a pigment
subtype: urobilinogen__stercobilinogen a chromogen formed in the intestine from the breakdown of bilirubin; yields urobilins on oxidation; some is excreted in the feces and some is resorbed and excreted in bile or urine
subtype: manganese_tetroxide__manganesetetroxide an oxide of manganese found naturally as hausmannite
subtype: monomer a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
subtype: ozonide any of a class of unstable chemical compounds resulting from the addition of ozone to a double bond in an unsaturated compound
subtype: organic_compound__organiccompound any compound of carbon and another element or a radical
subtype: aldehyde any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds; used in making resins and dyes and organic acids
subtype: paraldehyde__ethanal_trimer__ethanaltrimer a colorless liquid (a cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde) that is used as a sedative and a solvent
subtype: acetaldehyde__ethanal a colorless volatile water-soluble liquid aldehyde used chiefly in manufacture of acetic acid and perfumes and drugs
subtype: formaldehyde__methanal a colorless poisonous gas; made by the oxidation of methanol
subtype: furfural__furfuraldehyde a liquid aldehyde with a penetrating odor; made from plant hulls and corn cobs; used in making furan and as a solvent
subtype: glyceraldehyde__glyceric_aldehyde a sweet crystalline aldehyde formed by the breakdown of sugars
subtype: propanal__propionaldehyde a colorless liquid aldehyde
subtype: propenal__acrolein a pungent colorless unsaturated liquid aldehyde made from propene
subtype: aliphatic_compound__aliphaticcompound organic compound that is an alkane or alkene or alkyne or their derivative
subtype: acetylene__ethyne__alkyne a colorless flammable gas used chiefly in welding and in organic synthesis
subtype: alicyclic_compound__alicycliccompound an aliphatic compound that contains a ring of atoms
subtype: alkene__olefine__olefin any unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
subtype: ethylene__ethene a flammable colorless gaseous alkene; obtained from petroleum and natural gas and used in manufacturing many other chemicals; sometimes used as an anesthetic
subtype: methane_series__alkane_series__alkane__paraffin a non-aromatic saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH(2n+2)
subtype: amine__aminoalkane a compound derived from ammonia by replacing hydrogen atoms by univalent hydrocarbon radicals
subtype: histamine amine formed from histidine that stimulates gastric secretions and dilates blood vessels; released by the humane immune system during allergic reactions
subtype: aniline_oil__anilineoil__aniline__aminobenzine__phenylamine oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines
subtype: enamine an amine containing the double bond linkage -C=C-N-
subtype: monoamine a molecule containing one amine group (especially one that is a neurotransmitter)
subtype: monoamine_neurotransmitter__monoamineneurotransmitter a monoamine that is functionally important in neural transmission
subtype: noradrenaline a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses
subtype: serotonin__5-hydroxytryptamine__5hydroxytryptamine a neurotransmitter involved in e.g. sleep and depression and memory
subtype: dopamine__Dopastat__Intropin a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotension
subtype: ptomaine__ptomain any of various amines (such as putrescine or cadaverine) formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria
subtype: putrescine a colorless crystalline ptomaine with a foul odor that is produced in decaying animal matter
subtype: cadaverine a colorless toxic ptomaine with an unpleasant odor formed during the putrefaction of animal tissue
subtype: heptane a colorless volatile highly flammable liquid obtained from petroleum and used as an anesthetic or a solvent or in determining octane ratings
subtype: hexane a colorless flammable liquid alkane derived from petroleum and used as a solvent
subtype: methane a colorless odorless gas used as a fuel
subtype: marsh_gas__marshga methane gas produced when vegetation decomposes in water
subtype: alkylbenzene organic compound that has an alkyl group bound to a benzene ring
subtype: toluene a colorless flammable liquid obtained from petroleum or coal tar; used as a solvent for gums and lacquers and in high-octane fuels
subtype: alkyl_halide__alkylhalide__haloalkane organic compound in which halogen atoms have been substituted for hydrogen atoms in an alkane
subtype: haloform compounds with the formula CHX3, where X is a halogen atom
subtype: chloroform__trichloromethane a volatile liquid haloform (CHCl3); formerly used as an anesthetic; "chloroform was the first inhalation anesthetic"
subtype: bromoform__tribromomethane colorless liquid haloform CHBr3
subtype: fluoroform__trifluoromethane colorless gas haloform CHF3 (similar to chloroform)
subtype: iodoform__tri-iodomethane__triiodomethane sweet smelling yellow solid haloform CHI3
subtype: amino_acid__aminoacid__aminoalkanoic_acid__aminoalkanoicacid organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group; "proteins are composed of various proportions of about 20 common amino acids"
subtype: alanine a crystalline amino acid that occurs in many proteins
subtype: asparagine a crystalline amino acid found in proteins and in many plants (e.g., asparagus)
subtype: aspartic_acid a crystalline amino acid found in proteins and occurring naturally in sugar beets and sugar cane
subtype: canavanine an amino acid found in the jack bean
subtype: citrulline an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is an intermediate in the conversion of ornithine to arginine
subtype: cysteine an amino acid containing sulfur that is found in most proteins; oxidizes on exposure to air to form cystine
subtype: cystine a crystalline amino acid found in proteins (especially keratin); discovered in bladder stones
subtype: dopa__dihydroxyphenylalanine amino acid that is formed in the liver and converted into dopamine in the brain
subtype: L-dopa__levodopa__Bendopa__Brocadopa__Larodopa the levorotatory form of dopa (trade names Bendopa and Brocadopa and Larodopa); as a drug it is used to treat Parkinson's disease
subtype: essential_amino_acid__essentialaminoacid an amino acid that is required by animals but that they cannot synthesize; must be supplied in the diet
subtype: arginine a bitter tasting amino acid found in proteins and necessary for nutrition; its absence from the diet leads to a reduced production of spermatozoa
subtype: histidine an essential amino acid found in proteins that is important for the growth and repair of tissue
subtype: isoleucine an essential amino acid found in proteins; isomeric with leucine
subtype: leucine a white crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins that is essential for nutrition; obtained by the hydrolysis of most dietary proteins
subtype: lysine an essential amino acid found in proteins; occurs especially in gelatin and casein
subtype: methionine a crystalline amino acid containing sulfur; found in most proteins and essential for nutrition
subtype: phenylalanine an essential amino acid found in proteins and needed for growth of children and for protein metabolism in children and adults; abundant in milk and eggs; it is normally converted to tyrosine in the human body
subtype: threonine a colorless crystalline amino acid found in protein; occurs in the hydrolysates of certain proteins; an essential component of human nutrition
subtype: tryptophan__tryptophane an amino acid that occurs in proteins; is essential for growth and normal metabolism; a precursor of niacin
subtype: valine an essential amino acid found in proteins; important for growth in children and nitrogen balance in adults
subtype: gamma_aminobutyric_acid__GABA an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter
subtype: glutamic_acid__glutaminic_acid an amino acid occurring in proteins; important in the nitrogen metabolism of plants; used in monosodium glutamate to enhance the flavor of meats
subtype: glutamine a crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins; important in protein metabolism
subtype: glycine the simplest amino acid found in proteins and the principal amino acid in sugar cane
subtype: hydroxyproline a crystalline amino acid obtained from gelatin or collagen
subtype: iodoamino_acid__iodoaminoacid an amino acid with iodine added
subtype: iodotyrosine tyrosine with iodine added
subtype: mono-iodotyrosine tyrosine with one iodine atom added
subtype: di-iodotyrosine tyrosine with two iodine atoms added
subtype: iodothyronine thyronine with iodine added
subtype: tri-iodothyronine__triiodothyronine thyronine with three iodine atoms added
subtype: ornithine an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is important in the formation of urea
subtype: proline an amino acid that is found in many proteins (especially collagen)
subtype: creatine__creatin an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates both in the free form and as phosphocreatine; supplies energy for muscle contraction
subtype: sarcosine a sweetish crystalline amino acid
subtype: serine a sweetish crystalline amino acid involved in the synthesis by the body of cysteine
subtype: thyronine a phenolic amino acid of which thyroxine is a derivative
subtype: tyramine amino acid derived from tyrosine; has a sympathomimetic action; found in chocolate and cola drinks and ripe cheese and beer; "patients taking MAOIs should avoid foods containing tyramine"
subtype: tyrosine an amino acid found in most proteins; a precursor of several hormones
subtype: diamine any organic compound containing two amino groups
subtype: enol an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom which in turn is doubly bonded to another carbon atom
subtype: halon a compound in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon have been replaced by bromine and other halogen atoms; very stable; used in fire extinguishers although it is thought to release bromine that depletes the ozone layer
subtype: peptone any of various water-soluble compounds that form by hydrolysis in the digestion of proteins to amino acids
subtype: quaternary_ammonium_compound a compound derived from ammonium with hydrogen atoms replaced by organic groups; used as surface-active agents, disinfectants, and in drugs
subtype: proenzyme__zymogen any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
subtype: propylthiouracil a crystalline compound used as an antithyroid drug in the treatment of goiter
subtype: acetal any organic compound formed by adding alcohol molecules to aldehyde molecules
subtype: aldol__aldehyde-alcohol an oily colorless liquid obtained by the condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde; contains an alcohol group (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO)
subtype: acetaldol unsaturated aldol
subtype: alkaloid natural nitrogen-containing bases found in plants
subtype: atropine a poisonous crystalline alkaloid extracted from the nightshade family; used as an antispasmodic and to dilate the eye pupil
subtype: belladonna an alkaloidal extract or tincture of the poisonous belladonna herb that is used medicinally
subtype: hyoscyamine a poisonous crystalline alkaloid (isometric with atropine but more potent); used to treat excess motility of the gastrointestinal tract
subtype: pilocarpine cholinergic alkaloid used in eyedrops to treat glaucoma
subtype: scopolamine__hyoscine an alkaloid with anticholinergic effects that is used as a sedative and to treat nausea and to dilate the pupils in ophthalmic procedures; "transdermal scopolamine is used to treat motion sickness"; "someone sedated with scopolamine has difficulty lying"
subtype: physostigmine used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma
subtype: ephedrine white odorless powdered or crystalline alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra (especially Ephedra sinica) or made synthetically; used as a bronchodilator to treat bronchitis and asthma
subtype: ergonovine__Ergotrate_Maleate an alkaloid derived from ergot (trade name Ergotrate Maleate) that is less toxic than ergot; induces muscular contraction of the uterus and is administered after childbirth or abortion
subtype: ergotamine an alkaloid derived from ergot that is less toxic than ergot; causes constriction of blood vessels and is used to treat migraine
subtype: pseudoephedrine poisonous crystalline alkaloid occurring with ephedrine and isomorphic with it
subtype: nicotine an alkaloid poison that occurs in tobacco; used in medicine and as an insecticide
subtype: strychnine an alkaloid plant toxin extracted chiefly from nux vomica; formerly used as a stimulant
subtype: brucine a bitter alkaloid poison resembling strychnine and extracted from nux vomica
subtype: caffeine__caffein a bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects
subtype: rauwolfia any of several alkaloids extracted from the shrub Rauwolfia serpentina
subtype: tubocurarine__curare a toxic alkaloid found in certain tropical South American trees that is a powerful relaxant for striated muscles; used by South American indians as an arrow poison; "curare acts by blocking cholinergic transmission at the myoneural junction"
subtype: amide any organic compound containing the group -CONH2
subtype: acetamide__ethanamide a colorless solid amide of acetic acid used as a solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds
subtype: peptide amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein
subtype: fibrinopeptide peptide released from the amino end of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin to form fibrin during clotting of the blood
subtype: polypeptide a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids
subtype: endorphin a neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties
subtype: enkephalin an endorphin having opiate qualities
subtype: proprionamide__propanamide the amide of propionic acid (C2H5CONH2)
subtype: protein any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of long chains of polypeptides
subtype: capsid the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
subtype: gluten a protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough
subtype: corn_gluten gluten prepared from corn
subtype: wheat_gluten__wheatgluten gluten prepared from wheat
subtype: actomyosin a protein complex in muscle fibers; composed of myosin and actin; shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions
subtype: aleurone granular protein in outermost layer of endosperm of many seeds or cereal grains
subtype: amyloid (pathology) a waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch that results from degeneration of tissue
subtype: apoenzyme a protein that combines with a coenzyme to form an active enzyme
subtype: conjugated_protein__compound_protein a protein complex combining amino acids with other substances
subtype: glycoprotein a conjugated protein having a carbohydrate component
subtype: mucin a nitrogenous substance found in mucous secretions; a lubricant that protects body surfaces
subtype: lectin any of several plant glycoproteins that act like specific antibodies but are not antibodies in that they are not evoked by an antigenic stimulus
subtype: mucoid any of several glycoproteins similar to mucin
subtype: transferrin__betaglobulin__siderophilin glycoprotein that carries iron in the blood
subtype: hemoprotein__haemoprotein a conjugated protein linked to an iron-porphyrin compound
subtype: hemoglobin__haemoglobin__Hb a hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; function primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues; "fish have simpler hemoglobin than mammals"
subtype: oxyhemoglobin__oxyhaemoglobin the bright red hemoglobin that is a combination of hemoglobin and oxygen from the lungs; "oxyhemoglobin transports oxygen to the cells of the body"
subtype: myoglobin a hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed
subtype: cytochrome a class of hemoprotein whose principle biological function is as carriers of electrons
subtype: cytochrome_c the most abundant and stable cytochrome; involved in energy transfer
subtype: lipoprotein a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood
subtype: high-density_lipoprotein__HDL__alpha-lipoportein a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of a high proportion of protein and relatively little cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis
subtype: low-density_lipoprotein__lowdensitylipoprotein__LDL__ldl__beta-lipoprotein a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis
subtype: very_low_density_lipoprotein__VLDL large lipoproteins rich in triglycerides; VLDLs circulate through the blood giving up their triglycerides to fat and muscle tissue until the VLDL remnants are modified and converted into LDL
subtype: enzyme any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
subtype: amylase any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar
subtype: ptyalin an amylase secreted in saliva
subtype: cholinesterase an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)
subtype: coagulase an enzyme that induces coagulation
subtype: thrombin an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot
subtype: rennin__chymosin an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
subtype: complement.enzyme one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response
subtype: catalase enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and water
subtype: cyclooxygenase__Cox either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin
subtype: cyclooxygenase-1__Cox-1 an enzyme that regulates prostaglandins that are important for the health of the stomach lining and kidneys; "an unfortunate side effect of Nsaids is that they block Cox-1"
subtype: cyclooxygenase-2__Cox-2 an enzyme that makes prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain and fever; "the beneficial effects of Nsaids result from their ability to block Cox-2"
subtype: decarboxylase any of the enzymes that that hydrolize the carboxyl group
subtype: de-iodinase an enzyme that removes the iodine radical
subtype: enterokinase enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
subtype: histaminase enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine
subtype: hyaluronidase__spreading_factor__spreadingfactor__hyazyme an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids
subtype: isomerase an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form
subtype: kinase an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme
subtype: lactase__lactaid any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
subtype: lipase an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
subtype: lysozyme__muramidase an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
subtype: monoamine_oxidase__monoamineoxidase__MAO an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)
subtype: nitrogenase an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia
subtype: oxidase any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation
subtype: peroxidase any of a group of enzymes (occurring especially in plant cells) that catalyze the oxidation of a compound by a peroxide
subtype: glutathione_peroxidase__glutathioneperoxidase an enzyme in the body that is a powerful scavenger of free radicals
subtype: oxidoreductase an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction
subtype: oxygenase an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the incorporation of molecular oxygen
subtype: papain a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer
subtype: penicillinase__betalactamase enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
subtype: pepsin an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones
subtype: pepsinogen precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
subtype: phosphatase any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates
subtype: plasmin__fibrinolysin an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots
subtype: plasminogen an inactive form of plasmin that occurs in plasma and is converted to plasmin by organic solvents
subtype: polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA
subtype: transcriptase a polymerase associated with the process of transcription
subtype: reverse_transcriptase__reversetranscriptase a polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA using RNA as a template; found especially in retroviruses
subtype: protease__peptidase__proteinase__proteolytic_enzyme__proteolyticenzyme any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis
subtype: caspase any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis
subtype: angiotensin_converting_enzyme proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
subtype: plasminogen_activator__plasminogenactivator__urokinase protease produced in the kidney that converts plasminogen to plasmin and so initiates fibrinolysis
subtype: renin a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the kidneys; catalyzes the formation of angiotensin and thus affects blood pressure
subtype: reductase an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance
subtype: HMG-CoA_reductase__5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme_A_reductase a liver enzyme that is responsible for producing cholesterol
subtype: rennin__chymosin an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
subtype: secretase a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)
subtype: streptodornase an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)
subtype: streptokinase an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism
subtype: superoxide_dismutase__SOD an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen; "oxygen free radicals are normally removed in our bodies by the superoxide dismutase enzymes"
subtype: transaminase a class of enzymes that cause transamination
subtype: glutamic_oxalacetic_transaminase__glutamic_oxaloacetic_transaminase an enzyme involved in transamination
subtype: trypsin an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units
subtype: trypsinogen inactive precursor of trypsin; a substance secreted by the pancreas and converted to active trypsin by enterokinase in the small intestine
subtype: zymase a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms
subtype: fibrin a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets
subtype: hatoglobin a protein in plasma that binds free hemoglobin and removes it (as from wounds)
subtype: iodoprotein__iodinated_protein__iodinatedprotein a protein that contains iodine
subtype: thyroprotein a preparation made from iodinated protein and having an action similar to thyroxine
subtype: thyroglobulin an iodine containing protein that is obtained from the thyroid gland and exhibits the general properties of the globulins
subtype: nucleoprotein any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid
subtype: opsin retinal protein formed by the action of light on rhodopsin
subtype: phosphoprotein containing chemically bound phosphoric acid
subtype: casein a milk protein used in making e.g. plastics and adhesives
subtype: plasma_protein any of the proteins in blood plasma
subtype: human_gamma_globulin__humangammaglobulin__gamma_globulin__gammaglobulin a plasma protein containing the immunoglobulins that are responsible for immune responses
subtype: immunoglobulin__Ig__immune_serum_globulin__immune_gamma_globulin__immune_globulin a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response
subtype: antibody any of a large variety of immunoglobulins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
subtype: autoantibody an antibody acting against tissues of the organism that produces it
subtype: rheumatoid_factor autoantibody that is usually present in the serum of people with rheumatoid arthritis
subtype: precipitin an antibody that causes precipitation when it unites with its antigen
subtype: ABO_antibodies blood type antibodies
subtype: Rh_antibody rhesus factor antibody
subtype: antitoxin an antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin
subtype: antivenin__antivenene an antitoxin that counteracts the effects of venom from the bite of a snake or insect or other animal
subtype: tetanus_antitoxin__tetanusantitoxin antitoxin given for short-term immunization against tetanus in cases of possible exposure to the tetanus bacillus
subtype: agglutinin an antibody that causes agglutination of a specific antigen
subtype: isoagglutinin an antibody produced by one individual that causes agglutination of red blood cells in other individuals of the same species
subtype: heterophil_antibody__heterophile_antibody__heterophileantibody__forssmanantibody an antibody found in the blood of someone suffering from infectious mononucleosis
subtype: isoantibody__alloantibody an antibody that occurs naturally against foreign tissues from a person of the same species
subtype: monoclonal_antibody any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by identical offspring of a hybridoma; very specific for a particular location in the body
subtype: opsonin an antibody in blood serum that attaches to invading microorganisms and other antigens to make them more susceptible to the action of phagocytes
subtype: immunoglobulin_A__IgA one of the most common of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; the chief antibody in the membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
subtype: immunoglobulin_D__IgD one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; present in blood serum in small amounts
subtype: immunoglobulin_E__IgE one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; present primarily in the skin and mucous membranes
subtype: reagin an immunoglobulin E that is formed as an antibody against allergens (such as pollen); attaches to cell membranes causing the release of histamine and other substances responsible for the local inflammation characteristic of an allergy
subtype: immunoglobulin_G__IgG one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; the main antibody defense against bacteria
subtype: immunoglobulin_M__IgM one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; involved in fighting blood infections and in triggering production of immunoglobulin G
subtype: tetanus_immunoglobulin__tetanusimmunoglobulin__tetanusimmuneglobulin sterile solution of globulins derived from the blood plasma of a person who has been immunized for tetanus; provides short-term immunization against tetanus in cases of possible exposure to the tetanus bacillis
subtype: coagulation_factor__coagulationfactor__clottingfactor any of the factors in the blood whose actions are essential for blood coagulation
subtype: fibrinogen__factor_I a protein present in blood plasma; converts to fibrin when blood clots
subtype: prothrombin__factorii a protein in blood plasma that is the inactive precursor of thrombin
subtype: thromboplastin__thrombokinase__factor_III an enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
subtype: calcium_ion__calciumion__factor_IV ion of calcium; a factor in the clotting of blood
subtype: proaccelerin__prothrombin_accelerator__prothrombinaccelerator__accelerator_factor__acceleratorfactor__factor_V a coagulation factor
subtype: proconvertin__cothromboplastin__stable_factor__factor_VII a coagulation factor formed in the kidney under the influence of vitamin K
subtype: antihemophilic_factor__antihaemophilic_factor__antihaemophilicfactor__antihemophilic_globulin__antihaemophilic_globulin__antihaemophilicglobulin__factor_VIII__Hemofil a coagulation factor (trade name Hemofil) whose absence is associated with hemophilia A
subtype: Christmas_factor__factor_IX coagulation factor whose absence is associated with hemophilia B
subtype: prothrombinase__factor_X coagulation factor that is converted to an enzyme that converts prothrombin to thrombin in a reaction that depends on calcium ions and other coagulation factors
subtype: plasma_thromboplastin_antecedent__factor_XI coagulation factor whose deficiency results in a hemorrhagic tendency
subtype: Hageman_factor__factor_XII coagulation factor whose deficiency results in prolongation of clotting time of venous blood
subtype: fibrinase__factorxiii in the clotting of blood thrombin catalyzes factor XIII into its active form (fibrinase) which causes fibrin to form a stable clot
subtype: prostate_specific_antigen__PSA a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
subtype: simple_protein a protein that yields only amino acids when hydrolyzed
subtype: actin one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form
subtype: albumin__albumen a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids
subtype: ricin a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent
subtype: lactalbumin albumin occurring in milk
subtype: serum_albumin__serumalbumin albumin occurring in blood serum; serves to maintain the somatic pressure of the blood
subtype: globulin a family of proteins found in blood and milk and muscle and in plant seed
subtype: serum_globulin__serumglobulin globulins occurring blood serum and containing most of the antibodies of the blood
subtype: C-reactive_protein__CRP a byproduct of inflammation; a globulin that is found in the blood in some cases of acute inflammation
subtype: human_gamma_globulin__humangammaglobulin__gamma_globulin__gammaglobulin a plasma protein containing the immunoglobulins that are responsible for immune responses
subtype: myosin the commonest protein in muscle; a globulin that combines with actin to form actomyosin
subtype: globin__hematohiston__haematohiston a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin; the oxygen carrying compound in red blood cells
subtype: glutelin a simple protein found in the seeds of cereals
subtype: histone a simple protein containing mainly basic amino acids; present in cell nuclei in association with nucleic acids
subtype: prolamine a simple protein found in plants
subtype: protamine a simple protein found in fish sperm; rich in arginine; simpler in composition than globulin or albumin; counteracts the anticoagulant effect of heparin
subtype: scleroprotein__albuminoid a simple protein found in horny and cartilaginous tissues and in the lens of the eye
subtype: collagen a fibrous scleroprotein in bone and cartilage and tendon and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling
subtype: elastin a fibrous scleroprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries
subtype: gelatine__gelatin a colorless water-soluble glutinous protein obtained from animal tissues such as bone and skin
subtype: keratin__ceratin a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair feathers nails and hooves
subtype: cytokine any of various proteins secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system
subtype: tumor_necrosis_factor__tumour_necrosis_factor__TNF a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)
subtype: lymphokine a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that play a role in cell-mediated immunity
subtype: interleukin any of several lymphokines that promote macrophages and killer T cells and B cells and other components of the immune system
subtype: ferritin a protein containing 20% iron that is found in the intestines and liver and spleen; it is one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body
subtype: rennet a substance that curdles milk in making cheese and junket
subtype: azadirachtin insecticide
subtype: thiazine a compound made up of a ring of four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom and one nitrogen atom
subtype: methylene_blue__methyleneblue__methylthioninechloride a dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning
subtype: phenothiazine__thiodiphenylamine a compound used primarily in veterinary medicine to rid farm animals of internal parasites
subtype: chlorpromazine__Thorazine a drug (trade name Thorazine) derived from phenothiazine that has anti-psychotic effects and is used as a sedative and tranquilizer
subtype: bicarbonate_of_soda__sodium_hydrogencarbonate__sodium_bicarbonate__baking_soda__saleratus a white soluble compound used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid
subtype: cacodyl a poisonous oily liquid with a garlicky odor composed of 2 cacodyl groups; undergoes spontaneous combustion in dry air
subtype: carbohydrate__saccharide__sugar an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain
subtype: ribose a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid
subtype: beet_sugar.carbohydrate__beetsugar sugar made from sugar beets
subtype: cane_sugar.carbohydrate__canesugar sucrose obtained from sugar cane
subtype: demerara a light brown raw cane sugar from Guyana
subtype: deoxyribose a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids
subtype: invert_sugar a mixture of glucose and fructose found in fruits; sweeter than glucose
subtype: maple_sugar__maplesugar sugar made from the sap of the sugar maple tree
subtype: monosaccharide__monosaccharose__simple_sugar a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates
subtype: triose any monosaccharide sugar containing three atoms of carbon per molecule
subtype: tetrose any monosaccharide sugar containing four atoms of carbon per molecule
subtype: pentose any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule
subtype: hexose a monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms per molecule
subtype: aldohexose a monosaccharide sugar having six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group
subtype: glucose a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy
subtype: corn_sugar.glucose__cornsugar dextrose made by hydrolysis of cornstarch
subtype: dextrose__dextroglucose__grapesugar an isomer of glucose that is found in honey and sweet fruits
subtype: blood_sugar__blood_glucose__bloodglucose glucose in the bloodstream
subtype: ketohexose a monosaccharide having six carbon atoms and a ketone group
subtype: fructose__fruit_sugar__fruitsugar__levulose__laevulose a simple sugar found in honey and in many ripe fruits
subtype: aldose a monosaccharide sugar that contains the aldehyde group or is hemiacetal
subtype: aldohexose a monosaccharide sugar having six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group
subtype: ketose any monosaccharide sugar that contains a ketone group or its hemiacetal
subtype: ketohexose a monosaccharide having six carbon atoms and a ketone group
subtype: oligosaccharide any of the carbohydrates that yield only a few monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
subtype: disaccharide any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
subtype: lactose__milksugar a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk; "cow's milk contains about 4.7% lactose"
subtype: maltose__maltsugar a white crystalline sugar formed during the digestion of starches
subtype: sucrose a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent
subtype: galactose__brain_sugar__brainsugar a simple sugar found in lactose
subtype: tetrasaccharide any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield four monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
subtype: stachyose a tetrasaccharide found in the tubers of the Chinese artichoke
subtype: trisaccharide any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield three monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
subtype: raffinose a trisaccharide that occurs in sugar beets and cotton seeds and certain cereals
subtype: polysaccharide__polyose any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules
subtype: heparin__lipohepin__Liquaemin a polysaccharide produced in basophils (especially in the lung and liver) and that inhibit the activity of thrombin in coagulation of the blood; heparin sodium (trade names Lipo-Hepin and Liquaemin) is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis
subtype: chitin a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi
subtype: cellulose a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers
subtype: carboxymethyl_cellulose__carboxymethylcellulose an acid derivative of cellulose
subtype: diethylaminoethyl_cellulose__diethylaminoethylcellulose__DEAE_cellulose used for chromatography
subtype: pulp.cellulose a mixture of cellulose fibers
subtype: bagasse the dry dusty pulp that remains after juice is extracted from sugar cane or similar plants
subtype: wood_pulp wood that has been ground to a pulp; used in making cellulose products (as rayon or paper)
subtype: pectin any of various water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates that occur in ripe fruit and vegetables; used in making fruit jellies and jams
subtype: glycogen__animal_starch the form in which carbohydrate are stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body
subtype: inulin used to manufacture fructose and in assessing kidney function
subtype: mucopolysaccharide complex polysaccharides containing an amino group; occur chiefly as components of connective tissue
subtype: hyaluronic_acid a viscous mucopolysaccharide found in the connective tissue space and the synovial fluid of movable joints and the humors of the eye; a cementing and protective substance
subtype: starch__amylum a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles
subtype: arum starch resembling sago that is obtained from cuckoopint root
subtype: cassava_starch__cassavastarch__cassava__manioca a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics
subtype: arrowroot a nutritive starch obtained from the root of the arrowroot plant
subtype: cornstarch__cornflour starch prepared from the grains of corn; used in cooking as a thickener
subtype: sago powdery starch from certain sago palms; used in Asia as a food thickener and textile stiffener
subtype: pearl_sago__pearlsago sago ground into small pearl-like grains
subtype: amyloid.starch a nonnitrogenous food substance consisting chiefly of starch; any substance resembling starch
subtype: Otaheite_arrowroot a starch obtained from the root of the pia
subtype: jaggery__jagghery__jaggary unrefined brown sugar made from palm sap
subtype: wood_sugar__xylose a sugar extracted from wood or straw; used in foods for diabetics
subtype: neurochemical any organic substance that occurs in neural activity
subtype: neurotransmitter transmits nerve impulses across a synapse
subtype: epinephrine__epinephrin__adrenaline__Adrenalin a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action
subtype: gamma_aminobutyric_acid__GABA an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter
subtype: acetylcholine a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems
subtype: endorphin a neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties
subtype: acyl_anhydrides__acid_anhydrides organic compounds that react with water to form an acid
subtype: acyl_halide__acid_halide organic compounds containing the group -COX where X is a halogen atom
subtype: acetyl_chloride__ethanoyl_chloride colorless liquid acyl chloride (CH3COCl) that has a pungent odor
subtype: coal-tar_creosote__creosote a dark oily liquid obtained by distillation of coal tar; used as a preservative for wood
subtype: creosote a colorless or yellowish oily liquid obtained by distillation of wood tar; used as an antiseptic
subtype: nitrile__cyanide any of a class of organic compounds containing the cyano radical -CN
subtype: propenonitrile__acrylonitrile__vinyl_cyanide__vinylcyanide a colorless liquid unsaturated nitrile made from propene
subtype: cyanohydrin any organic compound in which the cyano radical -CN and the hydroxyl radical -OH are attached to the same carbon atom
subtype: ester formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water
subtype: banana_oil a liquid ester derived from amyl alcohol; has the odor of bananas
subtype: cellulose_ester__celluloseester any ester of cellulose with an acid
subtype: cellulose_nitrate__cellulosenitrate__nitrocellulose__guncotton__nitrocotton nitric acid esters; used in lacquers and explosives
subtype: pyrocellulose nitrocellulose containing less nitrogen than guncotton; used in making smokeless powder
subtype: pyroxylin__pyroxyline highly flammable nitrocellulose used in making collodion and plastics and lacquers
subtype: cellulose_acetate__celluloseacetate an ester of acetic acid; used in fibers and fabrics; photographic films and varnishes
subtype: cellulose_triacetate__cellulosetriacetate__triacetate slow-burning; used instead of celluloid for motion-picture film
subtype: cellulose_xanthate__cellulosexanthate__viscose a cellulose ester obtained by treating cellulose with caustic soda
subtype: cyclohexanol_phthalate the cyclohexanol ester of phthalic acid
subtype: ethyl_acetate__ethylacetate a fragrant colorless flammable volatile liquid ester made from ethanol and acetic acid; used in flavorings and perfumes and as a solvent for plastics
subtype: glyceryl_ester an ester of glycerol
subtype: butyrin any of three glycerides of butyric acid
subtype: tributyrin a bitter oily triglyceride of butyric acid; a form of butyrin
subtype: glyceride__acylglycerol an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils; "fresh fats contain glycerides of fatty acids and very little free acid"
subtype: triglyceride glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body
subtype: glycerin_jelly a mixture of glycerin and gelatin that is used in histology for mounting specimens
subtype: glycerite__glycerole a medicine made by mixing a substance in glycerin
subtype: glycerogelatin__glycerogel a medicated skin preparation made from glycerin and glycerinated gelatin
subtype: palmitin an ester of glycerol and palmitic acid
subtype: stearin an ester of glycerol and stearic acid
subtype: margarin__glycerol_trimargarate a glyceryl ester of margaric acid
subtype: triolein__olein a naturally occuring glyceride of oleic acid that is found in fats and oils
subtype: tripalmitin__glycerol_tripalmitate a triglyceride of palmitic acid
subtype: tristearin__glycerol_tristearate a triglyceride of stearic acid
subtype: maleate a salt or ester of maleic acid; used as a nontricyclic antidepressant drug for psychomotor activation
subtype: nucleotide a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
subtype: adenosine_monophosphate__adenosinemonophosphate__AMP__adenylic_acid a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP
subtype: adenosine_diphosphate__adenosinediphosphate__ADP an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage
subtype: adenosine_triphosphate__adenosinetriphosphate__ATP a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions
subtype: muton the smallest unit of DNA where a mutation can occur
subtype: polyester.ester a complex ester used for making fibers or resins or plastics or as a plasticizer
subtype: urethane an ester of carbamic acid
subtype: furan__furane__furfuran a colorless toxic flammable liquid used in the synthesis of nylon
subtype: nitrofuran derivative of furan used to inhibit bacterial growth
subtype: glycoside a group of compounds derived from monosaccharides
subtype: glucoside a glycoside derived from glucose
subtype: amygdalin a bitter cyanogenic glucoside extracted from the seeds of apricots and plums and bitter almonds
subtype: laetrile a substance derived from amygdalin; publicized as an antineoplastic drug although there is no supporting evidence
subtype: saponin any of various plant glucosides that form soapy lathers when mixed and agitated with water; used in detergents and foaming agents and emulsifiers
subtype: nucleoside a glycoside formed by partial hydrolysis of a nucleic acid
subtype: adenosine (biochemistry) a nucleoside that is present in all living cells in a combined form; a constituent of DNA and RNA and ATP and AMP
subtype: thymidine__deoxythymidine__thymine_deoxyribonucleoside__thyminedeoxyribonucleoside a nucleoside component of DNA; composed of thymine and deoxyribose
subtype: deoxyadenosine a nucleoside component of DNA; composed of adenosine and deoxyribose
subtype: deoxycytidine a nucleoside component of DNA; composed of cytosine and deoxyribose
subtype: deoxyguanosine a nucleoside component of DNA; composed of guanine and deoxyribose
subtype: strophanthin a bitter and very toxic glycoside derived from plants of the genus Strophanthus; in moderate doses it is a cardiac stimulant but in larger doses it is a powerful poison; used in Africa as an arrow poison
subtype: resin__rosin any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules
subtype: East_India_kino__Malabar_kino__kino_gum reddish or black juice or resin from certain trees of the genus Pterocarpus and used in medicine and tanning etc
subtype: natural_resin__naturalresin a plant exudate
subtype: sandarach__sandarac a brittle and faintly aromatic translucent resin used in varnishes
subtype: guaiacum medicinal resin from the lignum vitae tree
subtype: storax a vanilla-scented resin from various trees of the genus Styrax
subtype: scammony resin from the root of Convolvulus scammonia
subtype: acaroid_resin__acaroidresin__accaroid_resin__accroides__accroide__accroides_resin__accroidesresin__accroides_gum__accroidesgum__gum_accroides__gumaccroide an alcohol-soluble resin from Australian trees; used in varnishes and in manufacturing paper
subtype: gum_anime__gumanime__anime any of various resins or oleoresins
subtype: asafetida the gum resin of various plants; has strong taste and odor; formerly used as an antispasmodic
subtype: camphor a resin obtained from the camphor tree; used in making celluloid and liniment
subtype: cannabin__cannabis_resin a poisonous resin obtained from the hemp plant; thought to be the active narcotic agent
subtype: amber a hard yellowish to brownish translucent fossil resin; used for jewelry
subtype: copal a brittle aromatic resin used in varnishes
subtype: courbaril_copal resin from the courbaril tree
subtype: copalite__copaline__fossil_copal partly mineralized copal dug from the ground
subtype: congo_copal__congocopal__congo_gum__congogum copal found usually as a fossil
subtype: kauri_copal__kauricopal__kauri__kauri_resin__kauriresin__kauri_gum resin of the kauri trees of N Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum
subtype: Zanzibar_copal__anime a hard copal derived from an African tree
subtype: dammar_resin__dammar__gum_dammar__gumdammar any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine
subtype: colophony translucent brittle substance produced from pine oleoresin; used especially in varnishes and inks and on the bows of stringed instruments
subtype: mastic.natural_resin an aromatic exudate from the mastic tree; used chiefly in varnishes
subtype: oleoresin a naturally occurring mixture of a resin and an essential oil; obtained from certain plants
subtype: labdanum__ladanum a soft blackish-brown resinous exudate from various rockroses used in perfumes especially as a fixative
subtype: balsam.oleoresin any of various fragrant oleoresins used in medicines and perfumes
subtype: balsam_of_tolu__tolu__tolu_balsam aromatic yellowish brown balsam from the tolu balsam tree used especially in cough syrups
subtype: balsam_of_Peru dark brown syrupy balsam from the Peruvian balsam tree used especially in dressing wounds and treating certain skin diseases
subtype: balm any of various aromatic resinous substances used for healing and soothing
subtype: balm_of_Gilead a fragrant oleoresin
subtype: tolu an aromatic balsam
subtype: Canada_balsam yellow transparent exudate of the balsam fir; used as a transparent cement in optical devices (especially in microscopy) and as a mounting medium
subtype: turpentine__gum_terpentine__gumterpentine obtained from conifers (especially pines)
subtype: Chian_turpentine a turpentine exuded by the terebinth
subtype: copaiba_balsam__copaibabalsam__copaiba__balsam_capivi an oleoresin used in varnishes and ointments
subtype: gum_labdanum__gumlabdanum a dark brown to greenish oleoresin that has a fragrant odor and is used as a fixative in perfumes; obtained as a juice from certain rockroses
subtype: gum_resin__gumresin a mixture of resin and gum
subtype: gum_elemi__gumelemi__elemi fragrant resin obtain from trees of the family Burseraceae and used as incense
subtype: gum_myrrh__gummyrrh__myrrh aromatic resin burned as incense and used in perfume
subtype: Sonora_gum acidulous gum resin of the creosote bush
subtype: gum_benzoin__gumbenzoin__benzoin__benjamin__gum_benjamin__gumbenjamin__asadulci gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation
subtype: bdellium aromatic gum resin; similar to myrrh
subtype: gamboge a gum resin used as a yellow pigment and a purgative
subtype: myrrh__gum_myrrh__gummyrrh__sweet_cicely__sweetcicely aromatic resin used in perfume and incense
subtype: wood_tar any tar obtained by the destructive distillation of wood
subtype: pine_tar a dark viscous substance obtained from the destructive distillation of pine wood
subtype: synthetic_resin a resin having a polymeric structure; especially a resin in the raw state; used chiefly in plastics
subtype: acrylic_resin__acrylicresin__acrylic__acrylate_resin a glassy thermoplastic; can be cast and molded or used in coatings and adhesives
subtype: polypropenonitrile__Acrilan acrylic resin used to make a strong soft crease-resistant fabric (trade name Acrilan)
subtype: polymethyl_methacrylate a transparent plastic used as a substitute for glass
subtype: Lucite__Perspex (trademark) a transparent thermoplastic acrylic resin
subtype: Plexiglas__plexiglass (trademark) a light transparent weather resistant thermoplastic
subtype: polyethylene__polythene a lightweight thermoplastic; used especially in packaging and insulation
subtype: allyl_resin__allylresin a resin derived from allyl alcohol that hardens when cured; used as an adhesive
subtype: urea-formaldehyde_resin a clear thermosetting resin made from urea and formaldehyde and used in electrical fittings, adhesives, and finishes
subtype: alkyd_resin__alkyd a resin used in adhesives and paints
subtype: phenolic_resin__phenolic__phenoplast a thermosetting resin
subtype: epoxy_resin__epoxyresin__epoxy__epoxy_glue__epoxyglue a thermosetting resin; used chiefly in strong adhesives and coatings and laminates
subtype: Crazy_Glue (trademark) a commercial brand of epoxy glue
subtype: melamine_resin a thermosetting resin formed from melamine and an aldehyde; used in molded products, adhesives, and coatings
subtype: polyester.synthetic_resin any of numerous synthetic resins; they are light and strong and weather resistant
subtype: polyester_fiber a quick-drying resilient synthetic fiber consisting primarily of polyester
subtype: vinyl_polymer__vinylpolymer__vinyl_resin__vinylresin__polyvinyl_resin__polyvinylresin a thermoplastic derived by polymerization from compounds containing the vinyl group
subtype: polyvinyl_acetate__polyvinylacetate__PVA a vinyl polymer used especially in paints or adhesives
subtype: PVC__polyvinyl_chloride__polyvinylchloride a polymer of vinyl chloride used instead of rubber in electric cables
subtype: styrene__cinnamene__phenylethylene__vinylbenzene a colorless oily liquid; the monomer for polystyrene
subtype: polystyrene a polymer of styrene; a rigid transparent thermoplastic; "expanded polystyrene looks like a rigid white foam and is used as packing or insulation"
subtype: Styrofoam (trademark) a light resilient foam of polystyrene
subtype: halocarbon one of various compounds of carbon and any of the halogens
subtype: fluorocarbon a halocarbon in which some hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine; used in refrigerators and aerosols
subtype: chlorofluorocarbon__CFC a fluorocarbon with chlorine; formerly used as a refrigerant and as a propellant in aerosol cans; "CFCs cause depletion of atmospheric ozone"
subtype: tetrafluoroethylene a flammable gaseous fluorocarbon used in making plastics (polytetrafluoroethylene resins)
subtype: hemiacetal an organic compound usually formed as an intermediate product in the preparation of acetals from aldehydes or ketones
subtype: hemolysin__haemolysin__erythrolysin__erythrocytolysin any substance that can cause lysis (destruction) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their hemoglobin
subtype: streptolysin any of several hemolysins derived from strains of streptococcus
subtype: hydrocarbon an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
subtype: gasohol a gasoline substitute consisting of 90% gasoline and 10% grain alcohol from corn
subtype: gasoline__gasolene__gas__petrol a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines
subtype: leaded_gasoline gasoline treated with a lead compound to reduce motor knocks; "combustion of leaded gasoline released lead into the air where it could cause lead poisoning"
subtype: napalm gasoline jelled with aluminum soaps; highly incendiary liquid used in fire bombs and flame throwers
subtype: unleaded_gasoline gasoline that has not been treated with a lead compound
subtype: kerosine__kerosene a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters
subtype: paraffin_oil__paraffin British usage
subtype: benzene__benzine__benzol a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic
subtype: benzene_formula__benzeneformula__benzene_ring__benzenering__benzenenucleu__kekuleformula a closed chain of 6 carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached
subtype: indene a colorless liquid hydrocarbon extracted from petroleum or coal tar and used in making synthetic resins
subtype: dioxin any of several toxic or carcinogenic hydrocarbons that occur as impurities in herbicides
subtype: ethane a colorless odorless gas used as fuel
subtype: liquefied_petroleum_gas__bottled_gas hydrocarbon gases, usually propane or butane, kept under pressure
subtype: bitumen any of various naturally occurring impure mixtures of hydrocarbons
subtype: tar any of various dark heavy viscid substances obtained as a residue
subtype: coal_tar a tar formed from distillation of bituminous coal; coal tar can be further distilled to give various aromatic compounds
subtype: butadiene a gaseous hydrocarbon C4H6; used in making synthetic rubbers
subtype: chloroprene derivative of butadiene used in making neoprene by polymerization
subtype: naphtha any of various volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures; used chiefly as solvents
subtype: naphthalene a white crystalline strong-smelling hydrocarbon made from coal tar or petroleum and used in organic synthesis and as a fumigant in mothballs
subtype: octane any isomeric saturated hydrocarbon found in petroleum and used as a fuel and solvent
subtype: gas_oil__gasoil an oil formed through distillation of petroleum of intermediate boiling range and viscosity
subtype: terpene an unsaturated hydrocarbon obtained from plants
subtype: limonene a liquid terpene with a lemon odor; found in lemons and oranges and other essential oils
subtype: provitamin vitamin precursor; a substance that is converted into a vitamin in animal tissues
subtype: provitamin_A__carotene__carotin an orange isomer of an unsaturated hydrocarbon found in many plants; is converted into vitamin A in the liver
subtype: beta-carotene an isomer of carotene that is found in dark green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables
subtype: ketone any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals
subtype: acetone__propanone__dimethyl_ketone the simplest ketone; a highly inflammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent and as material for making plastics
subtype: butanone__methyl_ethyl_ketone colorless soluble flammable liquid ketone used as a solvent for resins and as a paint remover and in lacquers and cements and adhesives and cleaning fluids and celluloid
subtype: flavin a ketone that forms the nucleus of certain natural yellow pigments like riboflavin
subtype: ketone_body__acetone_body__acetonebody a ketone that is an intermediate product of the breakdown of fats in the body; any of three compounds (acetoacetic acid, acetone, and/or beta-hydroxybutyric acid) found in excess in blood and urine of persons with metabolic disorders
subtype: acetoacetic_acid__acetoaceticacid unstable acid found in abnormal amounts in the blood and urine n some cases of impaired metabolism (as diabetes mellitus or starvation)
subtype: beta-hydroxybutyric_acid beta derivative of hydroxybutyric acid that is found in the blood and urine in some cases of impaired metabolism
subtype: lipid__lipide__lipoid any oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)
subtype: fat a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); "pizza has too much fat"
subtype: edible_fat oily or greasy matter making up the bulk of fatty tissue in animals and in seeds and other plant tissue
subtype: cracklings the crisp residue left after lard has been rendered
subtype: lard soft white semisolid fat obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of the hog
subtype: marbling the intermixture of fat and lean in a cut of meat
subtype: shortening.edible_fat fat such as butter or lard used in baked goods
subtype: suet hard fat around the kidneys and loins in beef and mutton
subtype: cooking_oil__cookingoil any of numerous oils used in cooking
subtype: drippings__dripping fat that exudes from meat and drips off while it is being roasted or fried
subtype: vegetable_oil__vegetableoil any of a group of oils that are obtained from plants
subtype: sweet_oil__sweetoil mild vegetable oil when used as food; especially olive or edible rape oil
subtype: canola_oil vegetable oil made from rapeseed
subtype: coconut_oil__coconutoil__copra_oil__copraoil oil from coconuts
subtype: corn_oil oil from the germs of corn grains
subtype: cottonseed_oil edible oil pressed from cottonseeds
subtype: olive_oil__oliveoil oil from olives
subtype: palm_oil oil from nuts of oil palms especially the African oil palm
subtype: peanut_oil__groundnut_oil__groundnutoil a oil from peanuts; used in cooking and making soap; "groundnut oil" is British usage
subtype: salad_oil__saladoil any of several edible vegetable oils that can be used in salad dressings
subtype: safflower_oil__saffloweroil oil from seeds of the safflower plant
subtype: sesame_oil oil obtained from sesame seeds
subtype: soybean_oil__soybeanoil__soyabean_oil oil from soya beans
subtype: sunflower_oil__sunfloweroil__sunflower-seed_oil oil from sunflower seeds
subtype: walnut_oil oil from walnuts
subtype: madia_oil__madiaoil used as a substitute for olive oil
subtype: drying_oil an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base
subtype: animal_fat any fat obtained from animals; "animal fat is high in saturated fatty acids"
subtype: bone_fat fatty matter in bones extracted with solvents or by boiling or steaming; used chiefly in candles and cheap soaps an in lubricating greases
subtype: butterfat the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made
subtype: cocoa_butter__cocoabutter a yellow-white fat from cocoa beans
subtype: leaf_fat__leaf_lard fat lining the abdomen and kidneys in hogs which is used to make lard
subtype: myelin__myeline a white fatty substance that forms a medullary sheath around the axis cylinder of some nerve fibers
subtype: polyunsaturated_fat__polyunsaturatedfat a class of fats having long carbon chains with many double bonds unsaturated with hydrogen atoms; used in some margarines; supposedly associated with low blood cholesterol
subtype: triglyceride glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body
subtype: oil a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
subtype: sassafras_oil__sassafrasoil oil from root bark of sassafras trees; used in perfumery and as a disinfectant
subtype: calamus_oil carcinogenic oil from calamus root used as a perfume
subtype: rape_oil__rapeseed_oil__colza_oil edible light yellow to brown oil from rapeseed used also as a lubricant or illuminant
subtype: safflower_oil.oil__saffloweroil oil from safflower seeds used as food as well as in medicines and paints
subtype: hydnocarpus_oil oil from seeds of trees of the genus Hydnocarpus especially Hydnocarpus wightiana (Hydnocarpus laurifolia)
subtype: babassu_oil__babassuoil__babacu_oil fatty oil from kernels of babassu nuts similar to coconut oil
subtype: cohune-nut_oil__cohune_oil__cohune_fat semisolid fat from nuts of the cohune palm; used in cooking and soap making
subtype: expressed_almond_oil__almond_oil__sweet_almond_oil pale yellow fatty oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds
subtype: hedeoma_oil__hedeomaoil__pennyroyal_oil aromatic oil from American pennyroyal
subtype: hyssop_oil used chiefly in liqueurs
subtype: spike_lavender_oil__spike_oil__spikeoil pale yellow essential oil obtained from spike lavender used in scenting soaps and cosmetics
subtype: pennyroyal_oil oil from European pennyroyal having a odor like mint; used chiefly in soaps
subtype: croton_oil viscid acrid brownish-yellow oil from the seeds of Croton tiglium having a violent cathartic action
subtype: fuel_oil__heating_oil a petroleum product used for fuel
subtype: gas_oil__gasoil an oil formed through distillation of petroleum of intermediate boiling range and viscosity
subtype: animal_oil any oil obtained from animal substances
subtype: drying_oil an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base
subtype: blubber an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil
subtype: Dippel's_oil__bone_oil dark-colored ill-smelling oil obtained by carbonizing bone; used especially in sheep dips and in denaturing alcohol
subtype: bone_oil the liquid portion of bone fat; used as a lubricant and in leather manufacture
subtype: cod-liver_oil__codliveroil__cod_liver_oil__codliveroil an oil obtained from the livers of cod and similar fishes; taken orally as a source of vitamins A and D
subtype: cod_oil__codoil an inferior cod-liver oil that is used in leather manufacturing
subtype: wool_fat__lanolin__wool_grease a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics
subtype: fish_oil oil obtained from fish
subtype: tuna_oil an oil obtained from tuna
subtype: glyceride__acylglycerol an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils; "fresh fats contain glycerides of fatty acids and very little free acid"
subtype: goose_grease__goosegrease grease derived from geese
subtype: halibut-liver_oil__halibutliveroil a fatty oil from halibut livers that is used as a source of vitamin A
subtype: lard_oil oil consisting chiefly of olein that is expressed from lard and used especially as a lubricant, cutting oil or illuminant
subtype: menhaden_oil a fatty oil obtained from the menhaden fish and used in paint and ink and in treating leather
subtype: neat's-foot_oil a pale yellow oil made from the feet and legs of cattle; used as a dressing for leather
subtype: oleo_oil obtained from beef fat; used in making margarine and soap and in lubrication
subtype: porpoise_oil a yellow fatty oil obtained from porpoises and used as a fine lubricant
subtype: dolphin_oil__dolphinoil an unsaturated fatty oil obtained from dolphins and used as a fine lubricant
subtype: salmon_oil a fatty oil obtained from the wastes in canning salmon; used in making soap and dressing leather
subtype: sardine_oil__sardineoil oil obtained from sardines and used chiefly as a lubricant and in soap
subtype: seal_oil a pale yellow to red-brown fatty oil obtained from seal blubber; used in making soap and dressing leather and as a lubricant
subtype: shark_oil__shark-liver_oil a fatty yellow to brown oil obtained from the livers of sharks; used for dressing leather and as a source of vitamin A
subtype: sperm_oil an animal oil found in the blubber of the sperm whale
subtype: tallow obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants
subtype: beef_tallow tallow obtained from a bovine animal
subtype: dubbin tallow mixed with oil; used to make leather soft and waterproof
subtype: mutton_tallow tallow from the body of a mature sheep
subtype: tallow_oil an animal oil obtained by pressing tallow; used as a lubricant
subtype: whale_oil__train_oil a white to brown oil obtained from whale blubber; formerly used as an illuminant
subtype: wool_oil any oil used to oil wool before spinning
subtype: camphor_oil oil distilled from camphor resin
subtype: grease__lubricating_oil a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)
subtype: axle_grease a thick heavy grease used to lubricate axles
subtype: essential_oil__essentialoil__volatile_oil a volatile oil having the odor or flavor of the plant from which it comes; used in perfume and flavorings
subtype: ilang-ilang oil distilled from flowers of the ilang-ilang tree; used in perfumery
subtype: bitter_almond_oil pale yellow essential oil obtained from bitter almonds by distillation from almond cake or meal
subtype: attar__athar essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers
subtype: attar_of_roses__rose_oil a volatile fragrant oil obtained from fresh roses by steam distillation
subtype: clove_oil__oil_of_cloves essential oil obtained from cloves and used to flavor medicines
subtype: costus_oil a yellow volatile essential oil obtained from costusroot; used in perfumes
subtype: eucalyptus_oil an essential oil obtained from the leaves of eucalypts
subtype: spirit_of_turpentine__turpentine__oil_of_turpentine__turps__turp volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally
subtype: wormwood_oil__absinthe_oil a dark bitter oil obtained obtained from wormwood leaves; flavors absinthe liqueurs
subtype: linalool a colorless fragrant liquid found in many essential oils
subtype: mineral_oil a distillate of petroleum (especially one used medicinally as a laxative or stool softener)
subtype: motor_oil oil used to lubricate the moving parts of a motor
subtype: fixed_oil__fatty_oil__fattyoil nonvolatile animal or plant oil
subtype: fusel_oil a mixture of amyl alcohols and propanol and butanol formed from distillation of fermented liquors
subtype: stand_oil__standoil a thick oil comprised of linseed, tung, or soya oils which have been heated to over 300 C
subtype: neroli_oil an odoriferous yellow oil found in orange flowers and used in perfumery and as a flavoring
subtype: tall_oil an oil derived from wood pulp and used in making soaps or lubricants
subtype: petroleum__crude_oil__crudeoil__crude__coal_oil__rock_oil__fossil_oil a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons
subtype: shale_oil__shaleoil oil extracted from oil shale by heating
subtype: linseed_oil__linseedoil__flaxseed_oil a drying oil extracted from flax seed and used in making such things as oil paints
subtype: tung_oil__Chinese_wood_oil a yellow oil obtained from the seeds of the tung tree
subtype: chaulmoogra_oil__chaulmoograoil an oil from chaulmoogra trees; used in treatment of skin diseases and leprosy
subtype: phospholipid any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes
subtype: lecithin a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier
subtype: wax any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water
subtype: bayberry_wax__bayberry_tallow a fragrant green wax obtained from the wax myrtle and used in making candles
subtype: carnauba_wax__carnauba hard yellowish to brownish wax from leaves of the carnauba palm used especially in floor waxes and polishes
subtype: candelilla_wax a hard brown wax that occurs as a coating on candelilla shrubs
subtype: ceresin a white wax extracted from ozokerite
subtype: floor_wax__floorwax a preparation containing wax and used to polish and preserve the finish of floors
subtype: gondang_wax__fig_wax a hard cream-colored wax obtained from a Javanese fig tree
subtype: Japan_wax__Japan_tallow a yellow wax obtained from sumac berries; used in polishes
subtype: montan_wax a hard wax obtained from lignite
subtype: pisang_wax a wax obtained from the leaves of a plantain
subtype: scale_wax__scalewax__paraffin_scale partly refined paraffin wax
subtype: ski_wax wax used on the bottom of skis
subtype: beeswax a yellow to brown wax secreted by honeybees to build honeycombs
subtype: Ghedda_wax wax from Indian and African bees
subtype: cerumen__earwax a soft yellow wax secreted by glands in the ear canal
subtype: paraffin_wax__paraffin from crude petroleum; used for candles and for preservative or waterproof coatings
subtype: spermaceti a white waxy substance from oil of the sperm whale
subtype: vegetable_wax__vegetablewax wax from plants; especially from the trunks of certain palms
subtype: shellac_wax__shellacwax__lac_wax__lacwax a hard wax separated from shellac by its insolubility in alcohol
subtype: nitrobenzene a poisonous oily water-soluble liquid used as a solvent and in the manufacture of aniline
subtype: oxime any compound containing the group -C=NOH
subtype: petrochemical any compound obtained from petroleum or natural gas
subtype: phosphocreatine__creatine_phosphate__creatine_phosphoric_acid an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid; found in the muscles of vertebrates where its hydrolysis releases energy for muscular contraction
subtype: phenol any of a class of weakly acidic organic compounds; molecule contains one or more hydroxyl groups
subtype: pyrogallol__pyrogallic_acid a toxic white lustrous crystalline phenol used to treat certain skin diseases and as a photographic developer
subtype: cresol__methyl_phenol any of three poisonous colorless isomeric phenols; derived from coal or wood tar; used as a disinfectant
subtype: Lysol a clear oily brown solution of cresols in soap; used as an antiseptic and disinfectant
subtype: naphthol either of two phenols derived from naphthalene
subtype: alpha-naphthol__alphanaphthol an isomer of naphthol used in dyes
subtype: beta-naphthol an isomer of naphthol used in rubber as an antioxidant
subtype: resorcinol a crystalline phenol obtained from various resins; used in ointments for acne and in dandruff shampoos
subtype: tannin__tannic_acid any of various complex phenolic substances of plant origin; used in tanning and in medicine
subtype: cutch__kutch tannin extract derived from any of several mangrove barks of Pacific areas
subtype: thymol__thyme_camphor__thymecamphor__thymic_acid a colorless crystalline solid used in perfume or preserving biological specimens or in embalming or medically as a fungicide or antiseptic
subtype: pyrimidine.organic_compound a heterocyclic organic compound with a penetrating odor
subtype: quassia a bitter compound used as an insecticide and tonic and vermifuge; extracted from the wood and bark of trees of the genera Quassia and Picrasma
subtype: Jamaica_quassia similar to the extract from Quassia amara
subtype: steroid any of several fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms in four rings; many have important physiological effects
subtype: ketosteroid a steroid containing a ketone group
subtype: androsterone an androgenic hormone that is less active than testosterone
subtype: estrone__oestrone__theelin__Estronol a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency
subtype: cortisone__Cortone_Acetate a corticosteroid hormone (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by the adrenal cortex; is converted to hydrocortisone
subtype: sterol__steroid_alcohol any of a group of natural steroid alcohols derived from plants or animals; they are waxy insoluble substances
subtype: cholesterol__cholesterin an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues
subtype: HDL_cholesterol the cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins; the `good' cholesterol; a high level in the blood is thought to lower the risk of coronary artery disease
subtype: LDL_cholesterol__ldlcholesterol the cholesterol in low-density lipoproteins; the `bad' cholesterol; a high level in the blood is thought to be related to various pathogenic conditions
subtype: oxidized_LDL_cholesterol LDL cholesterol that has been bombarded by free radicals; it is thought to cause atherosclerosis
subtype: ergosterol a plant sterol that is converted into vitamin D by ultraviolet radiation
subtype: bile_acid any of the liver-generated steroid acids and stored with bile
subtype: cholic_acid an insoluble crystalline acid present in bile
subtype: cardiac_glycoside__cardiacglycoside__cardiac_glucoside__cardiacglucoside obtained from a number of plants and used to stimulate the heart in cases of heart failure
subtype: digitalis_glycoside__digitalisglycoside__digitalis__digitali__digitalin a powerful cardiac stimulant obtained from foxglove
subtype: digitoxin digitalis preparation used to treat congestive heart failure or cardiac arrhythmia
subtype: digoxin__Lanoxin digitalis preparation (trade name Lanoxin) used to treat congestive heart failure or cardiac arrhythmia; helps the heart beat more forcefully
subtype: nonsteroid__nonsteroidal an organic compound that does no contain a steroid
subtype: diethylstilbesterol__DES__stilbesterol synthetic nonsteroid with the properties of estrogen; formerly used to treat menstrual problems but was found to be associated with vaginal cancers in the daughters of women so treated during pregnancy
subtype: thiouracil depresses the function of the thyroid gland
subtype: urea__carbamide the chief solid component of mammalian urine; synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide and used as fertilizer and in animal feed and in plastics
subtype: imide any of a class of organic compounds that contain the divalent radical -CONHCO-
subtype: xanthine crystalline oxidation product of the metabolism of nucleoproteins; precursor of uric acid; found in many organs and in urine
subtype: ammine a complex inorganic compound that contains ammonia molecules
subtype: anhydride a compound formed from one or more other compounds in a reaction resulting in removal of water
subtype: phthalic_anhydride a white cyclic anhydride
subtype: azide a chemical compound containing the azido group combined with an element or radical
subtype: hydrazoite a salt of hydrazoic acid
subtype: bitter_principle any one of several hundred compounds having a bitter taste; not admitting of chemical classification
subtype: buffer an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH
subtype: calcium-cyanamide__calciumcyanamide__cyanamide a compound used as a fertilizer and as a source of nitrogen compounds
subtype: carbonyl a compound containing metal combined with carbon monoxide
subtype: carbon_disulfide a toxic colorless flammable liquid (CS2); used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophane and carbon tetrachloride and as a solvent for rubber
subtype: cofactor a substance (as a coenzyme) that must join with another to produce a given result
subtype: cementite__iron_carbide the iron carbide constituent of steel and cast iron; very hard and brittle
subtype: chloropicrin__nitrochloroform a heavy colorless insoluble liquid compound that causes tears and vomiting; used as a pesticide and as tear gas
subtype: coordination_compound__complex a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated
subtype: hydrochloride a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride
subtype: allomorph.chemical_compound any of several different crystalline forms of the same chemical compound: "calcium carbonate occurs in the allomorphs calcite and aragonite"
subtype: corrosive a substance having the tendency to cause corrosion (such a strong acids or alkali)
subtype: aluminate a compound of alumina and a metallic oxide
subtype: defoliant a chemical that is sprayed on plants and causes their leaves to fall off
subtype: depilatory a chemical (usually a sulfide) used to remove hair or wool or bristles from hides
subtype: dimer a compound whose molecules are composed of two identical monomers
subtype: fixing_agent a compound that sets or fixes something
subtype: fixative.fixing_agent a compound (such as ethanol or formaldehyde) that fixes tissues and cells for microscopic study
subtype: hypo__sodium_thiosulphate__sodium_thiosulfate a compound used as a fixing agent in photographic developing
subtype: preparation__formulation a substance prepared according to a formula
subtype: cleansing_agent__cleansingagent__cleanser__cleaner a preparation used in cleaning something
subtype: bathroom_cleaner a preparation for cleaning bathrooms
subtype: dentifrice a substance for cleaning the teeth; applied with a toothbrush
subtype: toothpaste a dentifrice in the form of a paste
subtype: tooth_powder__toothpowder a dentifrice in the form of a powder
subtype: detergent.cleansing_agent a cleansing agent that differs from soap but can also emulsify oils and hold dirt in suspension
subtype: dishwasher_detergent__dishwashing_detergent__dishwashingdetergent__dishwashing_liquid__dishwashingliquid a low-sudsing detergent designed for use in dishwashers
subtype: laundry_detergent__laundrydetergent any of various detergents designed for use in a washing machine for clothing
subtype: liquid_detergent a detergent in liquid form
subtype: shampoo.cleansing_agent cleansing agent consisting of soaps or detergents used for washing the hair
subtype: soap a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats
subtype: bar_soap__barsoap soap in the form of a bar
subtype: castile_soap__castilesoap a good hard soap made from olive oil and sodium hydroxide
subtype: liquid_soap soap in liquid form
subtype: saddle_soap__leather_soap__leathersoap a mild soap for cleansing and conditioning leather
subtype: soap_flakes soap that has been cut into flakes to make suds faster
subtype: built-soap_powder__soap_powder__washing_powder__washingpowder soap in powdered form mixed with alkaline builders
subtype: soft_soap__green_soap__greensoap a soft (or liquid) soap made from vegetable oils; used in certain skin diseases
subtype: toilet_soap__face_soap__bath_soap soap used as a toiletry
subtype: glycerinated_gelatin a gelatinous preparation made from gelatin and glycerin and water; used as a base for ointments and suppositories
subtype: nebula.preparation a medicinal liquid preparation intended for use in an atomizer
subtype: polish a preparation used in polishing
subtype: shoe_polish__blacking a substance used to produce a shiny protective surface on footwear
subtype: Simoniz (trade name) a brand of car polish
subtype: smelling_salts a pungent preparation of ammonium carbonate and perfume; sniffed as a stimulant to relieve faintness
subtype: enantiomorph__enantiomer either one of a pair of compounds (crystals or molecules) that are mirror images on each other but are not identical
subtype: goitrogen any substance (such as thiouracil) that induces the formation of a goiter
subtype: benzofuran__coumarone__cumarone a colorless oily compound extracted from coal tar and used in manufacturing synthetic resins
subtype: synthetic a compound made artificially by chemical reactions
subtype: Plasticine (trademark) a synthetic material resembling clay but remaining soft; used as a substitute for clay or wax in modeling (especially in schools)
subtype: hydrate any compound that contains water of crystallization
subtype: monohydrate a hydrate that contains one molecule of water per molecule of the compound
subtype: hydroxide a chemical compound containing the hydroxyl group
subtype: incense a substance that produces a fragrant odor when burned
subtype: joss_stick a slender stick of incense burned before a joss by the Chinese
subtype: inorganic_compound__inorganiccompound any compound that does not contain carbon
subtype: carbide a binary compound of carbon with a more electropositive element
subtype: calcium_carbide a gray salt of calcium (CaC) used in making acetylene
subtype: silicon_carbide__siliconcarbide an extremely hard blue-black crystalline compound (SiC) used as an abrasive and a heat refractory material; crystals of silicon carbide can be used as semiconductors
subtype: repellent.chemical_compound__repellant a chemical substance that repels animals
subtype: insectifuge__insect_repellent__insect_repellant a chemical substance that repels insects
subtype: repellant__repellent a compound with which fabrics are treated to repel water
subtype: iodocompound a compound containing the covalent iodine radical
subtype: isomer a compound that exists in forms having different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular weight
subtype: hydrated_oxide__hydroxide a compound of an oxide with water
subtype: aluminum_hydroxide__aluminium_hydroxide__hydrated_aluminum_oxide__hydrated_aluminium_oxide white crystalline compound that occurs naturally as the mineral gibbsite
subtype: calcium_hydroxide__calciumhydroxide__lime__slaked_lime__hydrated_lime__calcium_hydrate__caustic_lime__causticlime__limehydrate a caustic substance (Ca(OH)2) produced by heating limestone
subtype: caustic_potash__causticpotash__potash__potassium_hydroxide__potassiumhydroxide a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry
subtype: sodium_hydroxide__caustic_soda__causticsoda a strongly alkaline caustic used in manufacturing soap and paper and aluminum and various sodium compounds
subtype: nitrogen_mustard a toxic compound resembling mustard gas in structure; important in cancer treatment
subtype: nitride a compound containing nitrogen and a more electropositive element (such as phosphorus or a metal)
subtype: magnesium_nitride__magnesiumnitride a nitride containing nitrogen and magnesium
subtype: oxide any compound of oxygen with another element or a radical
subtype: titanium_dioxide__titanium_oxide__titanic_oxide__titanicoxide__titania a white powder used as a pigment for its high covering power and durability
subtype: pentoxide an oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in the molecule
subtype: nitrogen_oxide any of several oxides of nitrogen formed by the action of nitric acid on oxidizable materials; present in car exhausts
subtype: hydrogen_peroxide__peroxide a viscous liquid with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent; also used as a disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) as an oxidant in rocket fuels
subtype: calcium_oxide__quicklime__lime__calx__calcined_lime__calcinedlime__fluxing_lime__fluxinglime__unslakedlime__burnt_lime__burntlime a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide
subtype: copper_oxide an oxide of copper
subtype: dioxide an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule
subtype: nitrogen_dioxide a highly poisonous brown gas (NO2)
subtype: carbon_dioxide__CO__carbonic_acid_gas a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis
subtype: chokedamp__blackdamp the atmosphere in a mine following an explosion; high in carbon dioxide and incapable of supporting life
subtype: chlorine_dioxide an explosive gas (ClO2) used chiefly in bleaching paper or starch or soap or flour and in water purification
subtype: sulfur_dioxide__sulphur_dioxide__sulphurdioxide a toxic gas (SO2) that occurs in the gases from volcanoes; used in many manufacturing processes and present in industrial emissions
subtype: ferric_oxide a red oxide of iron
subtype: rust.ferric_oxide a red or brown oxide coating on iron or steel caused by the action of oxygen and moisture
subtype: monoxide an oxide containing just one atom of oxygen in the molecule
subtype: carbon_monoxide_gas__carbonmonoxidega__carbon_monoxide an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon
subtype: peroxide an inorganic compound containing the divalent ion -O-O-
subtype: benzoyl_peroxide__benzoylperoxide a white crystalline peroxide used in bleaching (flour or oils or fats) and as a catalyst for free radical reactions
subtype: red_lead__redlead__minium a reddish oxide of lead (Pb3O4) used as a pigment in paints and in glass and ceramics
subtype: silica__silicon_oxide__siliconoxide__silicon_dioxide__silicondioxide a white or colorless vitreous insoluble solid (SiO2); various forms occur widely in the earth's crust as quartz or cristobalite or tridymite or lechartelierite
subtype: chert variety of silica containing microcrystalline quartz
subtype: taconite a variety of chert containing magnetite and hematite; mined as a low-grade iron ore
subtype: flint a hard kind of stone; a form of silica more opaque than chalcedony
subtype: gunflint the piece of flint that provides the igniting spark in a flintlock weapon
subtype: firestone.flint a piece of flint that is struck to light a fire
subtype: flintstone pebbles of flint used in masonry construction
subtype: silex a pure form of finely ground silica
subtype: sulfur_oxide__sulphur_oxide__sulphuroxide any of several oxides of sulphur
subtype: superoxide a metallic oxide containing the univalent anion O2-
subtype: trioxide an oxide containing three atoms of oxygen in the molecule
subtype: arsenic_trioxide__arsenictrioxide__arsenic__arsenous_anhydride__arsenous_oxide a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide and weed killer
subtype: zinc_oxide__flowers_of_zinc__philosopher's_wool__philosopher'swool oxide of zinc; a white powder used as a pigment or in cosmetics or glass or inks and in zinc ointment
subtype: zirconium_oxide__zirconiumoxide__zirconia__zirconium_dioxide a white crystalline oxide; used in refractories and in insulation and abrasives and enamels and glazes
subtype: polymer naturally occurring or synthetic; consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers
subtype: copolymer a polymer consisting of two or more different monomers
subtype: polyurethane__ployurethan any of various polymers containing the urethane radical; a wide variety of synthetic forms are made and used as adhesives or plastics or paints or rubber
subtype: polyfoam__polyurethane_foam a foam made by adding water to polyurethane plastics
subtype: lignin a complex polymer; the chief non-carbohydrate constituent of wood; binds to cellulose fibers to harden and strengthen cell walls of plants
subtype: polyamide__polymeric_amide__polymericamide a polymer containing repeated amide groups
subtype: nylon.polyamide a thermoplastic polyamide; a family of high-strength resilient synthetic materials
subtype: trimer a polymer (or a molecule of a polymer) consisting of three identical monomers
subtype: preservative a chemical compound that is added to protect against decay or decomposition
subtype: spice.preservative aromatic substances of vegetable origin used as a preservative
subtype: quinone__benzoquinone any of a class of aromatic yellow compounds including several that are biologically important as coenzymes or acceptors or vitamins; used in making dyes
subtype: ubiquinone__coenzyme_Q any of several quinones that function as electron-carrying coenzymes
subtype: salt a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)
subtype: acetate__ethanoate a salt or ester of acetic acid
subtype: lead_acetate__sugar_of_lead a poisonous white solid (Pb[CH3CO]2) used in dyeing cotton and in making enamels and varnishes
subtype: arsenate a salt or ester of arsenic acid
subtype: chlorate any salt of chloric acid
subtype: dibasic_salt__dibasicsalt a salt derived by replacing two hydrogen atoms per molecule
subtype: hypochlorite any salt or ester of hypochlorous acid
subtype: calcium_hypochlorite__calciumhypochlorite any hypochlorite of calcium; used as a bleaching agent
subtype: sodium_hypochlorite an unstable salt (NaOCl) used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant
subtype: Javelle_water__javellewater__Javel_water__eau_de_Javelle an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite
subtype: pyrophosphate a salt or ester of pyrophosphoric acid
subtype: sulfonate a salt of sulphonic acid
subtype: alkylbenzenesulfonate sulfonate of alkyl benzene
subtype: perchlorate a salt of perchloric acid
subtype: alkali a mixture of soluble salts found in arid soils and some bodies of water; detrimental to agriculture
subtype: ammonium_chloride__sal_ammoniac__salammoniac a white salt used in dry cells
subtype: benzoate any salt or ester of benzoic acid
subtype: benzoate_of_soda__sodium_benzoate a white crystalline salt used as a food preservative and antiseptic
subtype: borate a salt or ester of boric acid
subtype: borosilicate a salt of boric and silicic acids
subtype: calcium_lactate__calciumlactate a white crystalline salt made by the action of lactic acid on calcium carbonate; used in foods (as a baking powder) and given medically as a source of calcium
subtype: calcium_stearate__calciumstearate__calcium_octadecanoate__calciumoctadecanoate an insoluble calcium salt of stearic acid and palmitic acid; it is formed when soap is mixed with water that contains calcium ions and is the scum produced in regions of hard water
subtype: carbamate a salt (or ester) of carbamic acid
subtype: ammonium_carbamate a salt of carbamic acid that is used as a nitrogen fertilizer
subtype: carbonate a salt or ester of carbonic acid
subtype: ammonium_carbonate a carbonate of ammonium; used in the manufacture of smelling salts and baking powder and ammonium compounds
subtype: bicarbonate__hydrogen_carbonate a salt of carbonic acid in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate
subtype: lithium_carbonate__lithiumcarbonate__Lithane__Lithonate__Eskalith a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder
subtype: fulminate a salt or ester of fulminic acid
subtype: mercury_fulminate__mercuryfulminate__fulminate_of_mercury__fulminating_mercury__fulminatingmercury a fulminate that when dry explodes violently if struck or heated; used in detonators and blasting caps and percussion caps
subtype: chromate any salt or ester of chromic acid
subtype: lead_chromate a poisonous chromate of lead used as a pigment in paint
subtype: cyanide an extremely poisonous salt of hydrocyanic acid
subtype: sodium_cyanide a white poisonous salt (NaCN) used in electroplating
subtype: potassium_cyanide__potassiumcyanide a poisonous salt (KCN) used in electroplating and in photography
subtype: potassium_bromide__potassiumbromide a white crystalline salt (KBr) used as a sedative and in photography
subtype: potassium_carbonate__potassiumcarbonate a white salt (K2CO3) that is basic in solution; used to make glass and cleansing agents
subtype: potassium_chlorate__potassiumchlorate a white salt (KClO3) used in matches, fireworks, and explosives; also used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent
subtype: potassium_dichromate__potassiumdichromate an orange-red salt used in making dyes and in photography
subtype: ferricyanide salt of ferricyanic acid obtained by oxidation of a ferrocyanide
subtype: ferrocyanide salt of ferrocyanic acid usually obtained by a reaction of a cyanide with iron sulphate
subtype: fluoroboride a salt of fluoroboric acid
subtype: fluosilicate salt of fluosilicic acid
subtype: glutamate a salt or ester of glutamic acid
subtype: halide a salt of any halogen acid
subtype: bromide any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; used as a sedative
subtype: hydrogen_bromide a colorless gas that yields hydrobromic acid in solution with water
subtype: methyl_bromide a poisonous gas or liquid (CH3Br) used to fumigate rodents, worms, etc.
subtype: silver_bromide a bromide that darkens when exposed to light; used in making photographic emulsions
subtype: fluoride a salt of hydrofluoric acid
subtype: boron_trifluoride__borontrifluoride a pungent colorless gas
subtype: hydrogen_fluoride a colorless poisonous corrosive liquid made by the action of sulphuric acid on calcium fluoride; solutions in water are hydrofluoric acid
subtype: stannous_fluoride a white powder that is used to fluoridate toothpaste
subtype: iodide a salt or ester of hydriodic acid
subtype: potassium_iodide__potassiumiodide a crystalline salt in organic synthesis and in making photographic emulsions and in iodized table salt
subtype: hydrogen_iodide__hydrogeniodide a colorless gas that yields hydroiodic acid in aqueous solution
subtype: silver_iodide an iodide that is used in photography, in seeding clouds to make rain, and in medicine
subtype: sodium_iodide a crystalline salt used like potassium iodide
subtype: chloride.halide any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)
subtype: potassium_chloride__potassiumchloride__Kaochlor__K-lor__Klorvess__K-lyte salt of potassium (trade names Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); used to treat potassium deficiency
subtype: tetrahalide any halide containing four halogen atoms in it molecules
subtype: isocyanate a salt or ester of isocyanic acid
subtype: calcium_carbonate__calciumcarbonate a salt found in nature as chalk or calcite or aragonite or limestone
subtype: dripstone the form of calcium carbonate found in stalactites and stalagmites
subtype: calcium_chloride__calciumchloride a deliquescent salt; used in de-icing and as a drying agent
subtype: calcium_sulphate__calciumsulphate__calcium_sulfate__calciumsulfate a white salt (CaSO4)
subtype: plaster_of_Paris__plaster any of several gypsum cements; a white powder (a form of calcium sulphate) that forms a paste when mixed with water and hardens into a solid; used in making molds and sculptures and casts for broken limbs
subtype: manganate a salt of manganic acid containing manganese as its anion
subtype: chrome_alum a violet-colored salt used in hide tanning and as a mordant in dyeing
subtype: tartrate a salt or ester of tartaric acid
subtype: tartar_emetic__tartaremetic__antimony_potassium_tartrate a poisonous colorless salt used as a mordant and in medicine
subtype: bitartrate an acid tartrate; a hydrogen tartrate
subtype: oxalacetate__oxaloacetate a salt or ester of oxalacetic acid
subtype: oxalate a salt or ester of oxalic acid
subtype: uranyl_oxalate a salt obtained by the reaction of uranium salts with oxalic acid
subtype: permanganate a dark purple salt of permanganic acid; in water solution it is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic
subtype: potassium_permanganate__potassiumpermanganate__permanganate_of_potash a poisonous salt that forms dark purple crystals and is purple-red when dissolved in water; used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant and antiseptic
subtype: inorganic_phosphate__inorganicphosphate__phosphate__orthophosphate a salt of phosphoric acid
subtype: calcium_phosphate__calciumphosphate a phosphate of calcium; a main constituent of animal bones
subtype: sodium_phosphate__sodium_orthophosphate phosphate of sodium
subtype: polyphosphate a salt or ester of polyphosphoric acid
subtype: propenoate__acrylate a salt or ester of propenoic acid
subtype: salicylate a salt of salicylic acid (included in several commonly used drugs)
subtype: aspirin__acetylsalicylic_acid__acetylsalicylicacid__Bayer__Empirin the acetylated derivative of salicylic acid; used as an analgesic anti-inflammatory drug (trade names Bayer and Empirin) usually taken in tablet form; used as an antipyretic; slows clotting of the blood by poisoning platelets
subtype: aspirin_powder__aspirinpowder__headache_powder a powdered form of aspirin
subtype: buffered_aspirin__Bufferin aspirin coated with a substance capable of neutralizing acid (trade name Bufferin)
subtype: enteric-coated_aspirin aspirin that is treated to pass through the stomach unaltered and to dissolve in the intestines
subtype: methyl_salicylate__birch_oil__sweet-birch_oil a liquid ester with a strong odor of wintergreen; applied externally for minor muscle and joint pain
subtype: salol__phenylsalicylate a white powder with a pleasant taste and odor; used to absorb light in sun tan lotions or as a preservative or an antiseptic or a coating for pills in which the medicine is intended for enteric release
subtype: double_salt a solid solution of two simple salts
subtype: Rochelle_salt__Rochelle_salts a double salt used in Seidlitz powder; acts as a cathartic
subtype: Paris_green a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate
subtype: bile_salt a salt of bile acid and a base; functions as an emulsifier of lipids and fatty acids
subtype: Glauber's_salt__Glauber's_salts (Na2SO4.10H2O) a colorless salt used as a cathartic
subtype: cream_of_tartar__tartar__potassium_hydrogen_tartrate a salt used especially in baking powder
subtype: sodium_chlorate a colorless salt (NaClO3) used as a weed killer and an antiseptic
subtype: bichromate__dichromate a salt of the hypothetical dichromic acid
subtype: sodium_dichromate__sodium_bichromate a red-orange salt used as a mordant
subtype: microcosmic_salt__microcosmicsalt a white salt present in urine and used to test for metal oxides
subtype: silicate a salt or ester derived from silicic acid
subtype: sodium_carbonate__washing_soda__washingsoda__sal_soda__salsoda__soda_ash__soda a sodium salt of carbonic acid; used in making soap powders and glass and paper
subtype: sodium_carboxymethyl_cellulose a gummy substance that is a sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose; used as a thickening or emulsifying agent
subtype: sodium_fluoride a colorless crystalline salt of sodium (NaF) used in fluoridation of water and to prevent tooth decay
subtype: sulfate a salt or ester of sulphuric acid
subtype: barium_sulphate__barium_sulfate__blanc_fixe__blancfixe a white insoluble radiopaque powder used as a pigment
subtype: copper_sulfate__copper_sulphate__cupric_sulfate__cupric_sulphate a copper salt made by the action of sulfuric acid on copper oxide
subtype: blue_vitriol__blue_copperas__bluecoppera__bluestone hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate
subtype: magnesium_sulfate__magnesiumsulfate a salt of magnesium
subtype: bitter_salts__Epsom_salts hydrated magnesium sulfate that is taken orally to treat heartburn and constipation and injected to prevent seizures
subtype: sodium_lauryl_sulphate__sodium_lauryl_sulfate__sodiumlaurylsulfate__sl a caustic detergent useful for removing grease; although commonly included in personal care items (shampoos and toothpastes etc.) it can irritate skin and should not be swallowed
subtype: sodium_sulphate__sodium_sulfate a solid white bitter salt used in manufacturing glass and paper and dyes and pharmaceuticals
subtype: zinc_sulfate__zinc_sulphate__white_vitriol__zinc_vitriol a colorless water-soluble powder; used as a mordant or to preserve wood or for the electrodeposition of zinc
subtype: thiocyanate a salt of thiocyanic acid; formed when alkaline cyanides are fused with sulfur
subtype: tungstate a salt of tungstic acid
subtype: vanadate a salt or ester of vanadic acid; an anion containing pentavalent vanadium
subtype: xanthate a salt or ester of xanthic acid
subtype: cellulose_xanthate__cellulosexanthate__viscose a cellulose ester obtained by treating cellulose with caustic soda
subtype: caustic any chemical substance that burns or destroys living tissue
subtype: lye a strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide
subtype: silver_nitrate a nitrate used in making photographic emulsions; also used in medicine as a cautery and as a topical anti-infective agent
subtype: lunar_caustic__lunarcaustic silver nitrate fused into sticks and formerly used as a caustic
subtype: chloride any compound containing a chlorine atom
subtype: calomel__mercurous_chloride__mercurouschloride a tasteless colorless powder used medicinally as a cathartic
subtype: trichloride any compound containing three chlorine atoms in each molecule
subtype: nitrogen_trichloride__Agene a yellow pungent volatile oil (trade name Agene) formerly used for bleaching and aging flour
subtype: dichloride__bichloride a compound containing two chlorine atoms per molecule
subtype: aluminum_chloride__aluminium_chloride__aluminiumchloride a chloride used as a wood preservative or catalyst
subtype: methylene_chloride__methylenechloride a nonflammable liquid used as a solvent and paint remover and refrigerant
subtype: silver_chloride__silverchloride a chloride used chiefly in the manufacture of photographic emulsions
subtype: stannic_chloride__stannicchloride a colorless caustic liquid made by treating tin with chlorine
subtype: hemin__protohemin a reddish-brown chloride of heme; produced from hemoglobin in laboratory tests for the presence of blood
subtype: silicide any of various compounds of silicon with a more electropositive element or radical
subtype: siloxane any of a large class of compounds that have alternate silicon and oxygen atoms
subtype: silicone_polymer__silicone any of a large class of siloxanes that are unusually stable over a wide range of temperatures; used in lubricants and adhesives and coatings and synthetic rubber and electrical insulation
subtype: bouncing_putty a soft elastic silicone polymer that increases in elasticity with the application of force; used in the center of golf balls and as shock-absorbent padding
subtype: sternutator__sternutatory a chemical substance that causes sneezing and coughing and crying; "police used a sternutatory to subdue the mob"
subtype: sulfide__sulphide a compound of sulphur and some other element that is more electropositive
subtype: pyrites any of various metallic-looking sulfides (of which pyrite is the commonest)
subtype: hydrogen_sulfide a sulfide having the unpleasant smell of rotten eggs
subtype: iron_disulfide a compound containing two atoms of sulfur combined with iron
subtype: cadmium_sulfide__cadmiumsulfide a yellow sulfide used chiefly as a pigment
subtype: zinc_cadmium_sulfide cadmium sulfide containing zinc
subtype: telluride any binary compound of tellurium with other more electropositive elements
subtype: tenderizer__tenderiser a substance (as the plant enzyme papain) applied to meat to make it tender
subtype: tetrachloride any compound that contains four chlorine atoms per molecule
subtype: carbon_tetrachloride__carbon_tet__tetrachloromethane__perchloromethane a colorless nonflammable liquid used as a solvent for fats and oils; because of its toxicity its use as a cleaning fluid or fire extinguisher has declined
subtype: enamel.chemical_compound a colored glassy compound (opaque or partially opaque) that is fused to the surface of metal or glass or pottery for decoration or protection
subtype: pregnanediol a compound found in women's urine during certain phases of the menstrual cycle and in the urine of pregnant women
No statement uses or specializes chemical_compound; click here to add one.
1152 categories printed