#chemical_analysis__qualitative_analysis  the act of decomposing a substance into its constituent elements
  supertype:  analysis  an investigation of the component parts of a whole
  subtype:  urinalysis__uranalysis  the chemical analysis of urine (for medical diagnosis)
  subtype:  scatology  the chemical analysis of excrement (for medical diagnosis or for paleontological purposes)
  subtype:  polarography  an electrochemical method of chemical analysis
  subtype:  quantitative_analysis__quantitative_chemical_analysis  chemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance
     subtype:  colorimetry__colorimetric_analysis  quantitative chemical analysis by color using a colorimeter
     subtype:  volumetric_analysis  quantitative analysis by the use of definite volumes of standard solutions or reagents
        subtype:  acidimetry  volumetric analysis using standard solutions of acids to measure the amount of a base present
        subtype:  alkalimetry  volumetric analysis using standard solutions of alkali to measure the amount of acid present
        subtype:  titration  a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete; the concentration of the unknown solution (the titer) can them be calculated
     subtype:  volumetric_analysis.quantitative_analysis__volumetricanalysi  determination of the volume of gases (or changes in their volume) during combination
     subtype:  gravimetric_analysis  quantitative analysis by weight
  subtype:  spectroscopy__spectrometry__spectroscopic_analysis__spectrum_analysis__spectrographic_analysis  the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra
     subtype:  mass_spectroscopy  the use of spectroscopy to determine the masses of small electrically charged particles
     subtype:  microwave_spectroscopy__microwavespectroscopy  the use of spectroscopy to study atomic or molecular resonances in the microwave spectrum
        subtype:  electron_spin_resonance__ESR__electron_paramagnetic_resonance  microwave spectroscopy in which there is resonant absorption of radiation by a paramagnet
  subtype:  dialysis  separation of substances in solution my means of their unequal diffusion through semipermeable membranes
     subtype:  apheresis__apheresi__pheresis  a procedure in which blood is drawn and separated into its components by dialysis; some are retained and the rest are returned to the donor by transfusion
        subtype:  plasmapheresis  plasma is separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor
        subtype:  plateletpheresis  platelets are separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor
     subtype:  hemodialysis__haemodialysis__haemodialysi  dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure
  subtype:  dating  use of chemical analysis to estimate the age of geological specimens
     subtype:  radiocarbon_dating__radiocarbondating__carbon_dating__carbon-14_dating  a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon-14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years
     subtype:  rubidium-strontium_dating  a method of dating based on the decay of rubidium-87 into the stable isotope strontium-87; rubidium-87 has a half-life of 47,000,000,000 years

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