sumo#class__clas classes differ from sets in three important respects: 1) classes are not assumed to be extensional, i.e. distinct classes might well have exactly the same instances, 2) classes typically have an associated `condition' that determines the instances of the class, e.g., the condition `human' determines the "class of humans" (note that some classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the "class of abstract things" is "abstract") and hence be instances of themselves), 3) the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances
closed_exclusion: sumo#set
supertype: rdfs#class (rdfs) sumo#set_or_class
instance: pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type (pm)
instance: pm#thing__something___T__t___3D_or_4D_thing_or_anything_else any category (type or individual) is instance of this type; any type is also a subtype of this type
subtype: pm#situation something that "occurs" in a real/imaginary region of time and space
subtype: pm#process__proces situation commonly considered as making a change during some period of time
subtype: pm#event process considered instantaneous from some viewpoint; classification under this category is application-dependant
subtype: pm#problem_solving_process__problemsolvingproces cognitive activity to solve a problem
subtype: pm#task processes modelled in knowledge acquisition, e.g., a diagnostic
subtype: pm#real_life_task a task composed of more basic tasks
subtype: pm#knowledge_engineering__knowledgeengineering making a knowledge based system
subtype: pm#environment_analysis
subtype: pm#problem_analysis
subtype: pm#task_analysis
subtype: pm#function_analysis
subtype: pm#implementation_analysis
subtype: pm#knowledge_engineering_with_KADS making a knowledge based system using KADS methodology
subtype: pm#problem_solving_method__problemsolvingmethod__PSM___method__method___technique__technique PSMs can be seen as task descriptions used by tasks or as problem solving processes
subtype: pm#process_with_particular_feature
subtype: pm#iterative_process__iterativeproces
subtype: pm#iterative_never-ending_process
subtype: pm#never-ending_process
subtype: pm#iterative_never-ending_process
subtype: #cognitive_process__cognitiveproces__process__proces__cognitive_operation__cognitiveoperation__act the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"
subtype: #basic_cognitive_process__basiccognitiveproces cognitive processes involved in obtaining and storing knowledge
subtype: #attending__attention the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others
subtype: #heed__attentiveness__attentivenes__paying_attention paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people); "his attentiveness to her wishes"; "he spends without heed to the consequences"
subtype: #advertence__advertency the process of being heedful
subtype: #clock-watching__clockwatching paying excessive attention to the clock (in anticipation of stopping work)
subtype: #ear.attending attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
subtype: #eye.attending attention to what is seen; "he tried to catch her eye"
subtype: #observance__notice__observation the act of noticing or paying attention; "he escaped the notice of the police"
subtype: #mind.observance attention; "don't pay him any mind"
subtype: #remark__observation explicit notice; "it passed without remark"
subtype: #notice.attending polite or favorable attention; "his hard work soon attracted the teacher's notice"
subtype: #inattention lack of attention
subtype: #heedlessness__inattentiveness a lack of attentiveness (as to children or helpless people)
subtype: #distraction.inattention an obstacle to attention
subtype: #neglect__disregard lack of attention and due care
subtype: #omission.neglect neglecting to do something; leaving out or passing over something
subtype: #inadvertence__oversight an unintentional omission resulting from failure to notice something
subtype: #pretermission__disregard letting pass without notice
subtype: #exception.omission__elision a deliberate act of omission; "with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news"
subtype: #intuition instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)
subtype: #feeling.intuition an intuitive understanding of something; "he had a great feeling for music"
subtype: #gnosis intuitive knowledge of spiritual truths; said to have been possessed by ancient Gnostics
subtype: #sixth_sense__sixthsense__insight grasping the inner nature of things intuitively
subtype: #immediate_apprehension__immediateapprehension__immediacy immediate intuitive awareness
subtype: #inspiration.intuition a sudden intuition as part of solving a problem
subtype: #perception the process of perceiving
subtype: #constancy the tendency for perceived objects to give rise to very similar perceptual experiences in spite of wide variations in the conditions of observation
subtype: #brightness_constancy the tendency for a visual object to be perceived as having the same brightness under widely different conditions of illumination
subtype: #color_constancy__colour_constancy the tendency for a color to look the same under widely different viewing conditions
subtype: #shape_constancy the tendency to perceive the shape of a rigid object as constant despite differences in the viewing angle (and consequent differences in the shape of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye)
subtype: #size_constancy the tendency to perceive the veridical size of a familiar object despite differences in their distance (and consequent differences in the size of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye)
subtype: #detection__sensing the perception that something has occurred or some state exists; "early detection can often lead to a cure"
subtype: #visual_perception__beholding__seeing perception by means of the eyes
subtype: #contrast.visual_perception the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
subtype: #face_recognition the visual perception of familiar faces
subtype: #object_recognition the visual perception of familiar objects
subtype: #visual_space the visual perception of space
subtype: #optical_fusion__opticalfusion__fusion the combining of images from the two eyes to form a single visual percept
subtype: #auditory_perception__sound_perception__soundperception the perception of sound as a meaningful phenomenon
subtype: #speech_perception the auditory perception (and comprehension) of speech
subtype: #musical_perception__musicalperception the auditory perception of musical sounds
subtype: #melody__tonal_pattern__tonalpattern the perception of pleasant arrangements of musical notes
subtype: #somesthesia__somatesthesia__somatic_sensation the perception of tactual or proprioceptive or gut sensations; "he relied on somesthesia to warn him of pressure changes"
subtype: #feeling.somesthesia a physical sensation that you experience; "he had a queasy feeling"; "I had a strange feeling in my leg"; "he lost all feeling in his arm"
subtype: #prickling__tingle__tingling a prickling somatic sensation as from many tiny pricks
subtype: #pins_and_needles a sharp tingling sensation from lack of circulation
subtype: #pressure_sensation__pressure the somatic sensation of pressure; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal"
subtype: #painful_sensation__painfulsensation__pain a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain"
subtype: #mittelschmerz pain in the area of the ovary that is felt at the time of ovulation (usually midway through the menstrual cycle)
subtype: #phantom_limb_pain pain felt by an amputee that seems to be located in the missing limb
subtype: #twinge a sharp stab of pain
subtype: #temperature.somesthesia the somatic sensation of cold or heat
subtype: #heat__warmth the sensation caused by heat energy
subtype: #cold__coldness the sensation produced by low temperatures; "he shivered from the cold"; "the cold helped clear his head"
subtype: #comfort_zone__comfortzone the temperature range (between 28 and 30 degrees Centigrade) at which the naked human body is able to maintain a heat balance without shivering or sweating
subtype: #touch_sensation__touch__tactual_sensation__tactualsensation__tactile_sensation__tactilesensation__feeling the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin; "she likes the touch of silk on her skin"; "the surface had a greasy feeling"
subtype: #cutaneous_sensation__cutaneoussensation__haptic_sensation__skin_sensation a sensation localized on the skin
subtype: #tickle a cutaneous sensation often resulting from light stroking
subtype: #itchiness__itchines__itching an irritating cutaneous sensation that produces a desire to scratch
subtype: #pruritus an intense itching sensation that can have various causes (as by allergies or infection or lymphoma or jaundice etc.)
subtype: #pruritus_ani chronic itching of the skin around the anus
subtype: #pruritus_vulvae persistent itching of the external female genitalia
subtype: #topognosia__topognosis recognition of the location of a stimulus on the skin
subtype: #apperception the process whereby perceived qualities of an object are related to past experience
subtype: #believing the cognitive process that leads to convictions; "seeing is believing"
subtype: #doublethink believing two contradictory ideas at the same time
subtype: #classification.basic_cognitive_process__categorization__categorisation__sorting the basic cognitive process of arranging into classes or categories
subtype: #appraisal__assessment the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
subtype: #critical_appraisal__critical_analysis an appraisal based on careful analytical evaluation
subtype: #critique__criticism a serious examination and judgment of something; "constructive criticism is always appreciated"
subtype: #examen a critical study (as of a writer's work)
subtype: #knock.critique__roast negative criticism
subtype: #self-criticism criticism of yourself
subtype: #valuation__evaluation__rating an appraisal of the value of something
subtype: #overvaluation too high a value or price assigned to something
subtype: #undervaluation too low a value or price assigned to something
subtype: #pricing the evaluation of something in terms of its price
subtype: #price_gouging__pricegouging pricing above the market when no alternative retailer is available
subtype: #reevaluation the evaluation of something a second time (or more)
subtype: #mark.valuation__grade__score a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance); "she made good marks in algebra"; "grade A milk"; "what was your score on your homework?"
subtype: #percentile__centile (statistics) any of the 99 numbered points that divide an ordered set of scores into 100 parts each of which contains one-hundredth of the total
subtype: #decile (statistics) any of nine points that divided a distribution of ranked scores into equal intervals where each interval contains one-tenth of the scores
subtype: #quartile (statistics) any of three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts each containing one quarter of the scores
subtype: #bond_rating an evaluation by a rating company of the probability that a particular bond issue will default; bonds of the highest quality are said to have AAA ratings
subtype: #assay an appraisal of the state of affairs; "they made an assay of the contents"; "a check on its dependability under stress"
subtype: #diagnostic_test__test__diagnostic_assay an assay conducted for diagnostic purposes
subtype: #biopsy examination of tissues or liquids from the living body to determine the existence or cause of a disease
subtype: #blood_test__bloodtest a serologic analysis of a sample of blood
subtype: #agglutination_test__agglutinationtest a blood test used to identify unknown antigens; blood with the unknown antigen is mixed with a known antibody and whether or not agglutination occurs helps to identify the antigen; used in tissue matching and blood grouping and diagnosis of infections
subtype: #heterophil_test__heterophiltest a blood test to detect heterophil antibodies that agglutinate sheep red blood cells; positive result indicates infectious mononucleosis
subtype: #Widal_test__Widal's_test a test for detecting typhoid fever and other salmonella infections
subtype: #complement_fixation_test a blood test in which a sample of serum is exposed to a particular antigen and complement in order to determine whether or not antibodies to that particular antigen are present; used as a diagnostic test
subtype: #Wassermann_test__wassermanntest__Wasserman_reaction__Wassermann a blood test to detect syphilis; a complement fixation test is used to detect antibodies to the syphilis organism treponema; a positive reaction indicates the presence of antibodies and therefore syphilis infection
subtype: #PSA_blood_test a blood test that measures levels of a protein called prostate specific antigen that is manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; men with prostate problems usually have elevated levels of PSA
subtype: #chorionic_villus_sampling__chorionic_villus_biopsy a prenatal test to detect birth defects at an early stage of pregnancy; tissue from the chorionic villi is assayed
subtype: #needle_biopsy biopsy of deep tissue that is obtained through a hollow needle
subtype: #cloze_procedure__clozeprocedure__cloze_test__clozetest a test for diagnosing reading ability; words are deleted from a prose passage and the reader is required to fill in the blanks
subtype: #fecal_occult_test__faecal_occult_test__stool_test__stooltest a take-home test in which you collect specimens of your stool that are tested for traces of blood; used to detect colorectal cancers
subtype: #GI_series diagnostic tests of the alimentary canal; usually involves inserting a contrast medium (such as barium sulfate) and taking an X-ray
subtype: #glucose_tolerance_test__glucosetolerancetest test of the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates; used in the diagnosis of hypoglycemia and diabetes mellitus
subtype: #Pap_test__Papanicolaou_test__smear_test__smeartest a method of examining stained cells in a cervical smear for early diagnosis of uterine cancer
subtype: #PKU_test a test of newborn infants for phenylketonuria
subtype: #Queckenstedt's_test a test to determine whether there is a blockage of the spinal canal
subtype: #radioactive_iodine_test test of thyroid function in which the patient is give an oral does of radioactive iodine-131
subtype: #radioactive_iodine_excretion_test radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine excreted in the urine
subtype: #radioactive_iodine_uptake_test__RAIU radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine taken up by the thyroid gland
subtype: #Rubin_test test to determine the patency of the Fallopian tubes
subtype: #skin_test any test to determine immunity or sensitivity to a disease by introducing small amounts on or into the skin
subtype: #Dick_test a skin test to determine your susceptibility to scarlet fever
subtype: #patch_test__patchtest a test to determine allergic sensitivity by applying small pads soaked with allergen to the unbroken skin
subtype: #Schick_test a skin test for immunity to diphtheria
subtype: #scratch_test__scratchtest a test to determine allergic sensitivity to various substances by applying them to scratches in the skin
subtype: #tuberculin_test__tuberculin_skin_test a skin test to determine past or present infection with the tuberculosis bacterium; based on hypersensitivity of the skin to tuberculin
subtype: #Mantoux_test tuberculin (a derivative of tubercle bacillus) is injected intradermally; a red area appearing 1-3 days later signifies an exposure (past or present) to tubercle bacilli and the need for further testing
subtype: #tine_test a tuberculin test in which a disk with several tines bearing tuberculin antigen is used to puncture the skin; development of a hard red area indicates past or present exposure to tubercle bacilli and the need for further testing
subtype: #intradermal_test__intradermaltest__subcutaneous_test a form of skin test in which the suspected allergen is injected into the skin
subtype: #tissue_typing a series of diagnostic tests before an organ transplant to determine whether the tissues of a donor and recipient are compatible
subtype: #Apgar_score an assessment of the physical condition of a newborn infant; involves heart rate and muscle tone and respiratory effort and color and reflex responsiveness
subtype: #bioassay appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard
subtype: #immunoassay__immunochemical_assay identification of a substance (especially a protein) by its action as an antigen; "PSA in the blood can be measured with an immunochemical assay"
subtype: #radioimmunoassay immunoassay of a substance that has been radioactively labeled
subtype: #paternity_test__paternitytest a test based on blood groups to determine whether a particular man could be the biological father of a particular child; negative results prove he was not the father but positive results show only that he could be
subtype: #pregnancy_test__pregnancytest a physiological test to determine whether a person is pregnant
subtype: #Friedman_test__rabbit_test pregnancy test that involves injecting some of the woman's urine into an unmated female rabbit and later examining the ovaries of the rabbit; presence of corpora lutea indicates that the woman is pregnant
subtype: #Snellen_test a test of visual acuity using a Snellen chart
subtype: #stress_test a test measuring how the system functions when subjected to controlled amounts of stress
subtype: #treadmill_test__treadmilltest a stress test in which the patient walks on a moving treadmill while the heart and breathing rates are monitored
subtype: #acid_test a rigorous or crucial appraisal
subtype: #reappraisal__revaluation__review__reassessment a new appraisal or evaluation
subtype: #stocktaking reappraisal of a situation or position or outlook
subtype: #underevaluation an appraisal that underestimates the value of something
subtype: #attribution__ascription assigning to a cause or source
subtype: #animatism the attribution of consciousness and personality to natural phenomena such as thunderstorms and earthquakes and to objects such as plants and stones
subtype: #imputation the attribution to a source or cause; "the imputation that my success was due to nepotism meant that I was not taken seriously"
subtype: #externalization__externalisation attributing to outside causes
subtype: #cross-classification__crossclassification__cross-division__crossdivision classification according to more than one attribute at the same time; "the cross-classification of cases was done by age and sex"
subtype: #subsumption incorporating something under a more general category
subtype: #discrimination__secernment the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished
subtype: #differentiation.discrimination__distinction a discrimination between things as different and distinct; "it is necessary to make a distinction between love and infatuation"
subtype: #contradistinction a distinction drawn on the basis of contrast; "sculpture in contradistinction to painting"
subtype: #dividing_line__line__demarcation a conceptual separation or demarcation: "there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity"
subtype: #point_of_no_return__Rubicon a line that when crossed permits of no return and typically results in irrevocable commitment
subtype: #hairsplitting__word-splitting making too fine distinctions of little importance; "they didn't take his hairsplitting seriously"
subtype: #individualization__individuation discriminating the individual from the generic group or species
subtype: #taste.discrimination__appreciation__discernment__perceptivenes delicate discrimination (especially of aesthetic values); "arrogance and lack of taste contributed to his rapid success"; "to ask at that particular time was the ultimate in bad taste"
subtype: #connoisseurship__vertu love of or taste for fine objects of art
subtype: #vogue__trend__style the popular taste at a given time; "leather is the latest vogue"; "he followed current trends"; "the 1920s had a style of their own"
subtype: #fashion.vogue the latest and most admired style in clothes and cosmetics and behavior
subtype: #cult_of_personality intense devotion to a particular person
subtype: #cut.fashion the style in which a garment is cut; "a dress of traditional cut"
subtype: #haute_couture__hautecouture__high_fashion__high_style trend-setting fashions
subtype: #fad__craze__furor__furore__cult__rage an interest followed with exaggerated zeal: "he always follows the latest fads"; "it was all the rage that season"
subtype: #retro a fashion reminiscent of the past
subtype: #bandwagon.vogue a popular trend that attracts growing support; "when they saw how things were going everybody jumped on the bandwagon"
subtype: #delicacy__discretion refined taste; tact
subtype: #culture.taste the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group
subtype: #counterculture a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture
subtype: #flower_power a counterculture of young people in the US during the 1960s and 70s
subtype: #mass_culture the culture that is widely disseminated via the mass media
subtype: #letters__letter the literary culture; "this book shows American letters at its best"
subtype: #learning__acquisition the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; "the child's acquisition of language"
subtype: #study__work applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design"
subtype: #internalization__internalisation__incorporation learning (of values or attitudes etc.) that is incorporated within yourself
subtype: #introjection (psychology) unconscious internalization of aspects of the world (especially aspects of persons) within the self in such a way that the internalized representation takes over the psychological functions of the external objects
subtype: #introjection.internalization (psychoanalysis) the internalization of the parent figures and their values; leads to the formation of the superego
subtype: #imprinting a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are established
subtype: #language_learning learning to use a language
subtype: #audio_lingual_acquisition__audiolingualacquisition system of language acquisition focusing intensively on listening and speaking
subtype: #memorization__memorisation__committal_to_memory learning so as to be able to remember verbatim; "the actor's memorization of his lines"
subtype: #rote_learning__rote memorization by repetition
subtype: #developmental_learning__developmentallearning learning that takes place as a normal part of cognitive development
subtype: #accommodation.developmental_learning in the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality
subtype: #assimilation in the theories of Jean Piaget: the application of a general schema to a particular instance
subtype: #transfer_of_training__transfer__carry-over__carryover__generalization__generalisation generalization of a skill learned in one situation to a different but similar situation
subtype: #education.learning the gradual process of acquiring knowledge; "education is a preparation for life"; "a girl's education was less important than a boy's"
subtype: #acculturation__assimilation the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
subtype: #mastering.education becoming proficient in the use of something; having mastery of; "his mastering the art of cooking took a long time"
subtype: #self-education__self-cultivation the process of educating yourself
subtype: #school.education__schooling the process of being formally educated at a school; "what will you do when you finish school?"
subtype: #special_education__specialeducation education of physically or mentally handicapped children whose needs cannot be met in an ordinary classroom
subtype: #vocational_training__vocational_education training for a specific vocation in industry or agriculture or trade
subtype: #conditioning a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment
subtype: #aversive_conditioning conditioning to avoid an aversive stimulus
subtype: #classical_conditioning__classicalconditioning conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflex; the stimulus that evokes the reflex is given whether or not the conditioned response occurs until eventually the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the reflex
subtype: #operant_conditioning__operantconditioning conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response
subtype: #instrumental_conditioning operant conditioning that pairs a response with a reinforcement in discrete trials; reinforcement occurs only after the response is given
subtype: #experimental_extinction__extinction a learning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus
subtype: pm#learning
subtype: pm#face-to-face_learning
subtype: pm#distance_learning
subtype: pm#e-learning__elearning__electronic_learning__electroniclearning
subtype: pm#web-based_learning__webbasedlearning
subtype: pm#e-learning_with_highly_embedded_devices
subtype: pm#pervasive_learning__pervasivelearning
subtype: pm#ubiquitous-learning
subtype: pm#e-learning_with_not_highly_embedded_devices
subtype: pm#desktop_learning__desktoplearning
subtype: pm#mobile_learning
subtype: pm#e-learning_with_highly_mobile_devices
subtype: pm#mobile_learning
subtype: pm#ubiquitous-learning
subtype: pm#RTRP_e-learning__right_time_right_place_e-learning
subtype: pm#ATAP_e-learning__any_time_any_place_e-learning
subtype: pm#e-learning_with_not_highly_mobile_devices
subtype: pm#desktop_learning__desktoplearning
subtype: pm#pervasive_learning__pervasivelearning
subtype: pm#blended_learning__blendedlearning
subtype: pm#adaptive_learning
subtype: #remembering__memory the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered; "he can do it from memory"; "he enjoyed remembering his father"
subtype: #short-term_memory__STM__immediate_memory__immediatememory what you can repeat immediately after perceiving it
subtype: #working_memory__workingmemory memory for intermediate results that must be held during thinking
subtype: #long-term_memory__LTM your general store of remembered information
subtype: #episodic_memory__personal_memory memory for episodes in your own life
subtype: #semantic_memory your memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts
subtype: #motor_memory__motormemory__muscle_memory your memory for motor skills
subtype: #retrieval the cognitive operation of accessing information in memory; "my retrieval of people's names is very poor"
subtype: #recall.remembering__recollection__reminiscence the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
subtype: #mind.recall recall or remembrance; "it came to mind"
subtype: #reconstruction.recall recall via mental reconstruction
subtype: #recognition__identification the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering
subtype: #identity collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which a thing is recognizable or known
subtype: #speaker_identification__speakeridentification__talker_identification identification of a person from the sound of their voice
subtype: #association.remembering__connection__connexion the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination; "conditioning is a form of learning by association"
subtype: #colligation the connection of isolated facts by a general hypothesis
subtype: #inductive_reasoning__inductivereasoning__generalization__generalisation__induction reasoning from detailed facts to general principles
subtype: #retrospection memory for experiences that are past; "some psychologists tried to contrast retrospection and introspection"
subtype: #representational_process any basic cognitive process in which some entity comes to stand for or represent something else
subtype: #typification__exemplification a representational or typifying form or model
subtype: #depicting__depiction__portraying__portrayal a representation by picture or portraiture
subtype: #mirror.depicting a faithful depiction or reflection; "the best mirror is an old friend"
subtype: #anthropomorphism__theanthropism the representation of objects (especially a god) as having human form or traits
subtype: #imaging__imagination__mental_imagery the ability to form mental images of things or events; "he could still hear her in his imagination"
subtype: #mind's_eye the imaging of remembered or invented scenes; "I could see her clearly in my mind's eye"
subtype: #vision a vivid mental image; "he had a vision of his own death"
subtype: #retrovision a vision of events in the distant past
subtype: #picturing__envisioning visual imagery
subtype: #dream a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; "I had a dream about you last night"
subtype: #nightmare a terrifying or deeply upsetting dream
subtype: #wet_dream an erotic dream (usually at night) accompanied by the (nocturnal) emission of semen
subtype: #chimera a grotesque product of the imagination
subtype: #evocation imaginative re-creation
subtype: #pretense__pretence__make-believe imaginative intellectual play
subtype: #higher_cognitive_process cognitive processes that presuppose the availability of knowledge and put it to use
subtype: #search.higher_cognitive_process the examination of alternative hypotheses; "his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful"
subtype: #hunt an instance of searching for something; "the hunt for submarines"
subtype: #pursuit__quest a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria; "the pursuit of love"; "life is more than the pursuance of fame"; "a quest for wealth"
subtype: #thinking__thought__cerebration__intellection__mentation the process of thinking (especially thinking carefully); "thinking always made him frown"; "she paused for thought"
subtype: #free_association a thought process in which ideas (words or images) suggest other ideas in a sequence
subtype: #mental_synthesis__construction the creation of a construct; the process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought
subtype: #reasoning__logical_thinking__logicalthinking__abstract_thought thinking that is coherent and logical
subtype: #analytic_thinking__analysis the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts for study
subtype: #partitioning__breakdown an analysis into mutually exclusive categories
subtype: #resolving__resolution analysis into clear-cut components
subtype: #factorization__factorisation__factoring (mathematics) the resolution of an integer or polynomial into factors such that when multiplied together they give the integer or polynomial
subtype: #diagonalization__diagonalisation (matrix algebra) changing a square matrix to diagonal form (with all non-zero elements on the principal diagonal); "the diagonalization of a normal matrix by a unitary transformation"
subtype: #cost-benefit_analysis an analysis of the cost effectiveness of different alternatives in order to see whether the benefits outweigh the costs
subtype: #dissection.analytic_thinking a minute and critical analysis
subtype: #reasoning_by_elimination__elimination analysis of a problem into alternative possibilities followed by the systematic elimination of unacceptable alternatives
subtype: #reductionism the analysis of complex things into simpler constituents
subtype: #systems_analysis analysis of all aspects of a project along with ways to collect information about the operation of its parts
subtype: #argumentation__logical_argument__logicalargument__line_of_reasoning__line methodical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of reasoning"
subtype: #line_of_inquiry__line_of_questioning__lineofquestioning an ordering of questions so as to develop a particular argument
subtype: #casuistry.argumentation argumentation that is specious or excessively subtle and intended to be misleading
subtype: #policy a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation"
subtype: #plank an endorsed policy in the platform of a political party
subtype: #economic_policy a government policy for maintaining economic growth and tax revenues
subtype: #fiscal_policy a government policy for dealing with the budget (especially with taxation and borrowing)
subtype: #New_Deal the economic policy of F. D. Roosevelt
subtype: #control.economic_policy the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.; "they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls"
subtype: #price_control__pricecontrol restriction on maximum prices that is established and maintained by the government (as during periods of war or inflation)
subtype: #ceiling.control__cap an upper limit on what is allowed: "they established a cap for prices"
subtype: #floor.control__base a lower limit: "the government established a wage floor"
subtype: #price_floor floor below which prices are not allowed to fall; "the government used price supports to maintain the price floor"
subtype: #wage_floor floor below which wages are not allowed to fall
subtype: #perestroika an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union; intended to increase automation and labor efficiency but it led eventually to the end of central planning in the Russian economy
subtype: #protectionism the policy of imposing duties or quotas on imports in order to protect home industries from overseas competition
subtype: #trade_barrier__tradebarrier__import_barrier any regulation or policy that restricts international trade
subtype: #quota.trade_barrier a limitation on imports; "the quota for Japanese imports was negotiated"
subtype: #trade_embargo__tradeembargo__embargo__trade_stoppage__tradestoppage a government order imposing a trade barrier
subtype: #social_policy a policy of for dealing with social issues
subtype: #apartheid the former official policy of racial segregation in South Africa
subtype: #glasnost a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems
subtype: #social_action a policy of socioeconomic reform
subtype: #affirmative_action__affirmativeaction a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities; "affirmative action has been extremely controversial and was challenged in 1978 in the Bakke decision"
subtype: #nativism.social_policy the policy of perpetuating native cultures (in opposition to acculturation)
subtype: #party_line.policy__partyline the policy of a political group; "He won in a vote along party lines"
subtype: #foreign_policy__foreignpolicy a policy governing international relations
subtype: #brinkmanship the policy of pushing a dangerous situation to the brink of disaster (to the limits of safety)
subtype: #imperialism.foreign_policy a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries
subtype: #manifest_destiny a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)
subtype: #intervention.foreign_policy__interference a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries
subtype: #nonintervention__noninterference a foreign policy of staying out of other countries' disputes
subtype: #nonaggression a policy of not initiating hostilities; "they signed a nonaggression pact"
subtype: #isolationism a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations
subtype: #Monroe_doctrine an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers
subtype: #Truman_doctrine President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology
subtype: #neutralism a policy of neutrality or nonalignment in international affairs
subtype: #trade_policy__tradepolicy__nationaltradingpolicy a government's policy controlling foreign trade
subtype: #open-door_policy__open_door the policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries
subtype: #Zionism a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine
subtype: #conjecture reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence
subtype: #theorization__theorisation the production or use of theories
subtype: #ideology imaginary or visionary theorization
subtype: #generalisation__abstraction the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances
subtype: #supposition the cognitive process of supposing
subtype: #presupposition the act of presupposing; a supposition made prior to having knowledge (as for the purpose of argument)
subtype: #deductive_reasoning__deductivereasoning__deduction__synthesis__synthesi reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)
subtype: #syllogism deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is derived from two premises
subtype: #inference__illation the reasoning involved in making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation
subtype: #analogy.inference an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others
subtype: #corollary (logic) an inference that follows directly from the proof of another proposition
subtype: #derivation.inference a line of reasoning that shows how a conclusion follows logically from accepted propositions
subtype: #entailment__deduction__implication something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"
subtype: #presumption.inference (law) an inference of the truth of a fact from other facts proved or admitted or judicially noticed
subtype: #prediction__anticipation__prevision the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future)
subtype: #projection.prediction a prediction made by extrapolating from past observations
subtype: #prognostication__vaticination knowledge of the future (usually said to be obtained from a divine source)
subtype: #crystal_gazing__crystalgazing staring into a crystal ball to arouse visions of future or distant events
subtype: #prevision a prophetic vision (as in a dream)
subtype: #divination__foretelling__fortune_telling__fortunetelling prophecy (or the pretense of prophecy) by supernatural means
subtype: #dowse__dowsing__rhabdomancy searching for underground water or minerals by using a dowsing rod
subtype: #geomancy divination by means of signs connected with the earth (as points taken at random or the arrangement of particles thrown down at random or from the configuration of a region and its relation to another)
subtype: #hydromancy divination by water (as by patterns seen in the ebb and flow of the tides)
subtype: #lithomancy divination by means of stones or stone talismans
subtype: #necromancy conjuring up the dead, especially for prophesying
subtype: #onomancy divination by the letters of a name
subtype: #palmistry__palmreading__chirology telling fortunes by lines on the palm of the hand
subtype: #pyromancy divination by fire or flames
subtype: #prefiguration__foreshadowing__adumbration providing vague advance indications
subtype: #ratiocination logical and methodical reasoning
subtype: #reasoning_backward__reasoningbackward__regress__regres the reasoning involved when you assume the conclusion is true and reason backward to the evidence
subtype: #synthesis__synthesi__synthetic_thinking__syntheticthinking the combination of ideas into a complex whole
subtype: #line_of_thought a particular way of thinking that is characteristic of some individual or group
subtype: #train_of_thought__thread the connections that link the various parts of an event or argument together; "I couldn't follow his train of thought"; "he lost the thread of his argument"
subtype: #cogitation__study attentive scrutiny and thought; "after much cogitation he rejected the offer"
subtype: #lucubration laborious cogitation
subtype: #mysticism obscure or irrational thought
subtype: #ideation the process of forming and relating ideas
subtype: #consideration the process of giving careful thought to something
subtype: #weighing__deliberation__advisement careful consideration; "a little deliberation would have deterred them"
subtype: #think (informal) an instance of deliberate thinking: "I need to give it a good think"
subtype: #exploration.consideration a systematic consideration; "he called for a careful exploration of the consequences"
subtype: #meditation__contemplation__reflection__reflexion__rumination__musing__thoughtfulness a calm lengthy intent consideration
subtype: #introspection__self-contemplation__self-examination the contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct
subtype: #soul-searching__self-analysis a penetrating examination of your own beliefs and motives
subtype: #examen.introspection__examination examination of conscience (as done daily by Jesuits)
subtype: #omphaloskepsis contemplation of one's navel
subtype: #retrospect contemplation of things past; "in retrospect"
subtype: #excogitation thinking something out with care in order to achieve complete understanding of it
subtype: #explanation thought that makes something comprehensible
subtype: #interpreting__interpretation__rendition__rendering an explanation of something that is not immediately obvious; "the edict was subject to many interpretations"; "he annoyed us with his interpreting of parables"
subtype: #broad_interpretation__broadinterpretation__judicial_activism an interpretation of the U.S. constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions (particularly decisions of the Supreme Court)
subtype: #rationalization.explanation__rationalisation the cognitive process of making something seem consistent with or based on reason
subtype: #provision__planning__preparation the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening; "his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties"
subtype: #agreement.provision__arrangement the thing arranged or agreed to
subtype: #collusion secret agreement
subtype: #prearrangement an arrangement in advance
subtype: #applecart.provision the planning that is disrupted when someone "upsets the applecart"
subtype: #mens_rea__malice_aforethought (law) criminal intent; the thoughts and intentions behind a wrongful act (including knowledge that the act is illegal)
subtype: #calculation__deliberation planning something carefully and intentionally; "it was the deliberation of his act that was insulting"
subtype: #premeditation planning or plotting in advance of acting
subtype: #problem_solving the thought processes involved in solving a problem
subtype: #enquiry__inquiry__research a search for knowledge; "their pottery deserves more research than it has received"
subtype: #nature_study the study of animals and plants in the natural world (usually at an elementary level)
subtype: #experimentation__experiment the testing of an idea; "it was an experiment in living"; "not all experimentation is done in laboratories"
subtype: #pilot_experiment__pilotexperiment a preliminary experiment whose outcome can lead to a more extensive experiment
subtype: #trial_run__trialrun__trial__test__tryout trying something to find out about it; "a sample for ten days free trial"; "a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain"
subtype: #field_trial__fieldtrial a test to display the performance of some new product
subtype: #alpha_test__alphatest a first test of an experimental product (such as computer software) carried out by the developer
subtype: #beta_test a second test of an experimental product (such as computer software) carried out by an outside organization
subtype: #road_test a test to insure that a vehicle is roadworthy
subtype: #test_drive test of the roadworthiness of a vehicle one is considering buying
subtype: #trial_balloon__trialballoon a test of public opinion
subtype: #empirical_research__empiricalresearch an empirical search for knowledge
subtype: #investigation__probe an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities; "there was a congressional probe into the scandal"
subtype: #public_opinion_poll__poll__opinion_poll__opinionpoll__canvass an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people
subtype: #straw_vote__strawvote__straw_poll__strawpoll an unofficial vote taken to determine opinion on some issue
subtype: #heraldry.enquiry the study and classification of armorial bearings and the tracing of genealogies
subtype: #figuring__calculation__computation__reckoning problem solving that involves numbers or quantities
subtype: #extrapolation (mathematics) calculation of the value of a function outside the range of known values
subtype: #interpolation (mathematics) calculation of the value of a function between the values already known
subtype: #conversion.figuring a change in the units or form of an expression: "conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade
subtype: #data_conversion__dataconversion conversion from one way of encoding data to another way
subtype: #digitization__digitisation conversion of analog information into digital information
subtype: #estimation__estimate__approximation__idea an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; "an estimate of what it would cost"; "a rough idea how long it would take"
subtype: #guesswork__guess__gues__shot__dead_reckoning an estimate based on little or no information
subtype: #guesstimate__guestimate an estimate that combines reasoning with guessing
subtype: #overrating__overestimate__overestimation__overreckoning a calculation that results in an estimate that is too high
subtype: #underestimate__underestimation__underrating__underreckoning a calculation that results in an estimate that is too low
subtype: #derived_function__derivedfunction__derivative__differential_coefficient__differential__first_derivative__firstderivative the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx
subtype: #curvature the rate of change (at a point) of the angle between a curve and a tangent to the curve
subtype: #integral the result of a mathematical integration; F(x) is the integral of f(x) if dF/dx = f(x)
subtype: #indefinite_integral the set of functions F(x) + C, where C is any real number, such that F(x) is the integral of f(x)
subtype: #definite_integral the integral of a function over a definite interval
subtype: #decision_making__deciding the cognitive process of reaching a decision; "a good executive must be good at decision making"
subtype: #eclecticism__eclecticmethod making decisions on the basis of what seems best instead of following some single doctrine or style
subtype: #settlement.decision_making__resolution something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making; "the finally reached a settlement with the union"; "they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences"
subtype: #judging__judgement the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions
subtype: #prejudgment__prejudgement a judgment reached before the evidence is available
subtype: #change_of_mind__reversal__flip-flop__turnabout__turnaround a decision to reverse an earlier decision
subtype: #second_thought__reconsideration__rethink thinking again about a choice previously made; "he had second thoughts about his purchase"
subtype: #choice__pick__selection the person or thing chosen or selected; "he was my pick for mayor"
subtype: #pleasure.choice a formal expression; "he serves at the pleasure of the President"
subtype: #favorite__favourite something regarded with special favor or liking; "that book is one of my favorites"
subtype: #way.choice doing as one pleases or chooses: "if I had my way"
subtype: #cull__reject the person or thing rejected or set aside as inferior in quality
subtype: #alternative__option__choice an alternative action; "what option did I have?"; "there no other alternative"; "my only choice is to refuse"
subtype: #obverse the more conspicuous of two alternatives or cases or sides: "the obverse of this issue"
subtype: #druthers__preference the right or chance to choose: "given my druthers, I'd eat cake"
subtype: #wish the particular preference that you have; "it was his last wish"; "they should respect the wishes of the people"
subtype: #default_option__defaultoption__default an option that is selected automatically unless an alternative is specified
subtype: #possible_action__possibility a possible alternative; "bankruptcy is always a possibility"
subtype: #possible something that can be done; "politics is the art of the possible"
subtype: #impossible_action__impossibility an alternative that is not available
subtype: #impossible something that cannot be done; "his assignment verged on the impossible"
subtype: #Hobson's_choice the choice of taking what is offered or nothing at all
subtype: #knowing clear and certain mental apprehension
subtype: #awareness.knowing__consciousness__consciousnes__knowingness having knowledge of; "he had no awareness of his mistakes"; "his sudden consciousness of the problem he faced"; "their intelligence and general knowingness was impressive"
subtype: #self-awareness awareness of your own individuality
subtype: #orientation.self-awareness a person's awareness of self with regard to position and time and place and personal relationships
subtype: #self-consciousness self-awareness plus the additional realization that others are similarly aware of you
subtype: #feel an intuitive awareness; "he has a feel for animals" or "it's easy when you get the feel of it"
subtype: #sense a general conscious awareness; "a sense of security"; "a sense of happiness"; "a sense of danger"; "a sense of self"
subtype: #sense_of_direction an awareness of your orientation in space
subtype: #sense_of_responsibility an awareness of your obligations
subtype: #cognizance.knowing__ken range of what one can know or understand; "beyond my ken"
subtype: #foresight__prevision knowing in advance; foreseeing
subtype: #savvy__understanding__apprehension__discernment the cognitive condition of someone who understands; "he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect"
subtype: #comprehension.savvy an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a result); "how you can do that is beyond my comprehension"; "he was famous for his comprehension of American literature"
subtype: #self-knowledge an understanding of yourself and your goals and abilities
subtype: #smattering a slight or superficial understanding of a subject
subtype: #appreciation.savvy__grasp__hold understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something; "he has a good grasp of accounting practices"
subtype: #sense.appreciation a natural appreciation or ability; "a keen musical sense"; "a good sense of timing"
subtype: #grasping understanding with difficulty; "the lecture was beyond his most strenuous graspings"
subtype: #hindsight understanding the nature of an event after it has happened; "hindisght is always better than foresight"
subtype: #brainstorm__insight__brainwave the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation
subtype: #light.brainstorm mental understanding as an enlightening experience; "he finally saw the light"; "can you shed light on this problem?"
subtype: #revelation an enlightening or astonishing disclosure
subtype: #find__discovery__breakthrough a productive insight
subtype: #flash.brainstorm a sudden brilliant understanding; "he had a flash of intuition"
subtype: #realisation__realization__recognition coming to understand something by thinking about it; "a growing realization of the risk involved"; "a sudden consciousness of the problem he faced"
subtype: #linguistic_process.higher_cognitive_process__linguisticproces the cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication; "he didn't have the language to express his feelings"
subtype: #reading the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message; "he enjoys reading books"
subtype: #speed-reading__speedreading reading at speeds significantly faster than normal
subtype: #perusal__perusing__poring_over__studying reading carefully with intent to remember
subtype: #browsing__browse reading superficially or at random
subtype: #skim__skimming reading or glancing through quickly
subtype: is#information_sciences_task__information_management_task__information_management__informationmanagement may be "_subtask" would be more appropriate than "_task" here and in the subtypes
subtype: is#IR_task__information_indexation_or_search__information_retrieval__informationretrieval__IR
subtype: is#information_indexation__informationindexation
subtype: is#information_structuring increasing the number of relations between objects
subtype: is#increasing_the_number_of_relations_between_document_elements
subtype: is#document_structuring
subtype: is#increasing_the_number_of_relations_between_documents
subtype: is#reducing_the_size_of_document_elements
subtype: is#information_normalization__informationnormalization
subtype: is#data_normalization
subtype: is#representing_information_in_a_formal_or_semi_formal_way
subtype: km#knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling representing information in a more or less formal way
subtype: km#knowledge_normalization representing knowledge in a precise, organized and scalable manner; this implies reducing the number of non-automatically comparable ways information is or can be written, and increasing the number of relations between objects (especially common/important relations such as generalization relations, partOf relations and case relations)
subtype: km#use_of_a_normalizing_KRL
subtype: km#re-use_of_a_top_level_or_large_ontology
subtype: km#following_of_an_ontological_principle
subtype: km#following_of_a_principle_of_the_Ontoclean_methodology
subtype: km#following_of_a_category_naming_principle lexical normalization involves following object naming rules such as "using English singular nouns or nominal expressions" and "avoiding the Intercap style"
subtype: km#following_of_the_InterCap_style_for_naming_categories
subtype: km#following_of_an_underscore_based_style_for_naming_categories
subtype: km#use_of_nouns_or_nominal_forms_for_naming_categories
subtype: km#use_of_singular_nouns_or_nominal_forms_for_naming_categories
subtype: km#following_of_a_phrasing_principle_for_category_annotations
subtype: km#following_of_a_knowledge_organization_principle Structural and ontological normalization involves following rules such as "when introducing an object into an ontology, relate it to all its already represented direct generalizations, specializations, components and containers", "use subtypeOf relations instead of or in addition to instanceOf relations when both cases are possible", "avoid the use of non binary relations" and "do not represent processes via relations"
subtype: km#use_of_a_graph-oriented-reading_convention
subtype: km#limiting_the_number_of_relation_types
subtype: km#following_of_an_ontological_principle
subtype: km#representing_knowledge_in_a_concise/organized/precise/readable_way
subtype: km#representing_knowledge_in_a_concise_way
subtype: km#representing_knowledge_in_an_organized_way setting or presenting many relations between categories or statements
subtype: km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_conceptual_objects
subtype: km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_relation_types
subtype: km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_concept_types
subtype: km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_objects_from_different_users
subtype: km#representing_knowledge_in_a_readable_way
subtype: km#representing_knowledge_in_a_precise_way precise or explicit
subtype: km#knowledge_modelling/classification/extraction__knowledgemodelling/classification/extraction__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA_task__KA this is "knowledge acquisition" in its restricted sense; in its broader sense, it is equivalent to "knowledge management"
subtype: km#KA_from_people
subtype: km#KA_from_data
subtype: km#semi_automatic_KA_from_data__knowledge_discovery__knowledgediscovery__data_mining
subtype: km#semi_automatic_KA_from_data_by_classification
subtype: km#concept_clustering_from_data
subtype: km#knowledge_extraction_from_documents
subtype: km#semantic_web_mining
subtype: km#knowledge-oriented_NLP
subtype: km#CG_extraction_by_NLP
subtype: km#ontology_extraction_from_documents
subtype: km#terminological_analysis
subtype: km#document_structure_analysis_or_discovery
subtype: km#knowledge_extraction_from_databases__knowledge_discovery_in_databases__KDD
subtype: km#FCA_based_KDD
subtype: km#classification
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering__concept_clusterization__conceptclusterization it can be used both for KA and IR, from knowledge or data
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_generalization_hierarchy
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_category_generalization_hierarchy
subtype: km#FCA_based_conceptual_clustering
subtype: km#FCA_attribute_exploration FCA technique addressing the problem of a context where the object set is not completely known a priori, or too large to be listed
subtype: km#FCA_concept_exploration FCA technique addressing the problem of a context where both the object set and the attribute set are not completely known a priori, or too large to be listed
subtype: km#type_classification
subtype: km#instance_classification__instance_learning assignement of instances to types of concepts/relations
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_CG_generalization_hierarchy
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering_from_data
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering_from_database
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering_from_documents
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering_from_emails
subtype: km#classification_by_semantic_grids
subtype: km#language/structure_specific_knowledge_representation
subtype: km#CG_based_KR
subtype: km#methodology_specific_knowledge_representation_or_modelling
subtype: km#task_related_to_the_creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
subtype: km#creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
subtype: km#combination_and_instantiation_of_generic_task_models
subtype: km#selection_and_adaptation_of_domain_ontologies
subtype: is#information_precising__informationprecising
subtype: is#information_explicitation
subtype: is#representing_information_in_a_formal_or_semi_formal_way
subtype: is#making_an_informal_sentence_less_contextual
subtype: is#information_normalization__informationnormalization
subtype: is#data_indexation__informal_object_indexation
subtype: is#document_indexation
subtype: is#data_indexation_in_database
subtype: is#information_search__informationsearch
subtype: is#document_search
subtype: is#lexical_search__lexicalsearch__stringsearch search of a string of character
subtype: is#regular_expression_based_search
subtype: is#keyword_based_statistical_search__keywordbasedstatisticalsearch
subtype: is#informal_index_based_search
subtype: is#knowledge_based_information_search__knowledgebasedinformationsearch
subtype: is#knowledge_based_document_search
subtype: km#conceptual_clustering_from_documents
subtype: km#knowledge_search_task
subtype: km#specialization_search__implication_search__implicationsearch
subtype: km#specialization_structural_search
subtype: km#complete_specialization_search
subtype: km#generalization_search
subtype: km#generalization_structural_search
subtype: km#generalization_structural_search_of_FOL_statements
subtype: km#complete_generalization_search
subtype: km#analogy_search__analogysearch
subtype: km#structure_only_based_search
subtype: km#specialization_structural_search
subtype: km#generalization_structural_search
subtype: km#complete_knowledge_search
subtype: km#incomplete_knowledge_search
subtype: km#consistent_knowledge_search
subtype: km#inconsistent_knowledge_search
subtype: is#information_presentation__informationpresentation
subtype: km#knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling representing information in a more or less formal way
subtype: is#document_indexation_or_search__document_search__document_structuration "indexation" also refers to structuring with via markup tags
subtype: is#document_indexation
subtype: is#document_search
subtype: is#keyword_based_document_indexation_or_search
subtype: is#metadata_based_structuration_or_search
subtype: is#knowledge_based_document_indexation_or_search
subtype: is#knowledge_based_document_search
subtype: is#data_indexation_or_search_in_a_database
subtype: is#data_indexation_in_database
subtype: is#database_management_task__database_management a DB management (sub)task
subtype: is#data_indexation_or_search_in_a_database
subtype: is#mapping/merging/federation_of_DBs
subtype: is#document_management_task__document_management
subtype: is#document_indexation_or_search__document_search__document_structuration "indexation" also refers to structuring with via markup tags
subtype: is#distributed_system_management_task__distributed_system_management
subtype: is#supporting_cooperation
subtype: is#supporting_synchronous_cooperation
subtype: is#supporting_asynchronous_cooperation
subtype: is#information_sharing__informationsharing
subtype: is#data_sharing
subtype: km#knowledge_sharing__knowledgesharing
subtype: km#synchronous_knowledge_sharing__synchronousknowledgesharing
subtype: km#asynchronous_knowledge_sharing
subtype: km#private_module_based_knowledge_sharing
subtype: km#fully_shared_knowledge_based_sharing
subtype: is#information_publishing__informationpublishing
subtype: is#software_engineering_task__software_engineering
subtype: is#software_classification
subtype: is#graphical_interface_engineering__graphicalinterfaceengineering
subtype: is#teaching_an_IS_related_subject
subtype: km#teaching_a_KM_related_subject
subtype: km#teaching_CGs
subtype: is#IS_methodology_task a task of a methodology in Information Sciences
subtype: is#distributed_system_methodology_task
subtype: km#KM_task a K.M. (sub)task
subtype: km#knowledge_management__knowledgemanagement__km__knowledge_engineering__knowledgeengineering__KE__conceptual_knowledge_processing__CKP__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA KM is a KM_task itself, the one that any other KM_tasks are a subtask of
subtype: km#prototype_based_KA
subtype: km#model_based_KA
subtype: km#knowledge_comparison__knowledgecomparison
subtype: km#graph_matching__graphmatching
subtype: km#CG_matching
subtype: km#knowledge_inference/reasoning/generation__knowledgeinference/reasoning/generation
subtype: km#generalizing__generalization__generalising__generalisation
subtype: km#deduction
subtype: km#abduction
subtype: km#induction
subtype: km#specializing__specialization__specialising__specialisation
subtype: km#analogy_making__analogymaking
subtype: km#case_base_reasoning__CBR
subtype: km#monotonic_reasoning__monotonicreasoning
subtype: km#non_monotonic_reasoning__nonmonotonicreasoning
subtype: km#belief_revision__beliefrevision
subtype: km#permissive_belief_revision
subtype: km#consistent_inference
subtype: km#consistent_knowledge_search
subtype: km#inconsistent_inference
subtype: km#inconsistent_knowledge_search
subtype: km#complete_inference
subtype: km#complete_knowledge_search
subtype: km#incomplete_inference
subtype: km#incomplete_knowledge_search
subtype: km#structure-only_based_inference
subtype: km#structure_only_based_search
subtype: km#rule_based_inference
subtype: km#knowledge_validation__knowledgevalidation
subtype: km#validation_of_KB_conceptual_model
subtype: km#KB_validation
subtype: km#validation_of_knowledge_implementation
subtype: km#consistency_checking__consistencychecking
subtype: km#completeness_checking
subtype: km#knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling representing information in a more or less formal way
subtype: km#knowledge_search_task
subtype: km#knowledge_sharing__knowledgesharing
subtype: km#knowledge_mapping/merging/federation__knowledgemapping/merging/federation mapping refers to the setting of semantic links between some categories of the different KBs
subtype: km#mapping/merging/federation_of_ontologies
subtype: km#mapping/merging/federation_of_CG_based_KBs
subtype: km#mapping/merging/federation_of_FCA_based_KBs
subtype: km#knowledge_import/export__knowledgeimport/export
subtype: km#knowledge_translation__knowledgetranslation
subtype: km#conversion_between_CG_and_other_models_or_notations
subtype: km#conversion_between_RDF_and_CG
subtype: km#FCA_based_storage_of_CGs
subtype: km#conversion_between_FCA_and_other_models_or_notations
subtype: km#FCA_based_storage_of_CGs
subtype: km#conversion_from_EGs_to_concept_graphs_with_cuts
subtype: km#knowledge_evaluation__knowledgeevaluation
subtype: km#collecting_knowledge_for_modelling
subtype: km#eliciting_knowledge_from_a_person
subtype: km#teaching_a_KM_related_subject
subtype: km#language/structure_specific_task
subtype: km#CG_task
subtype: km#CG_extraction_by_NLP
subtype: km#CG_based_KR
subtype: km#mapping/merging/federation_of_CG_based_KBs
subtype: km#CG_matching
subtype: km#conversion_between_CG_and_other_models_or_notations
subtype: km#teaching_CGs
subtype: km#CG_methodology_task
subtype: km#FCA_task a FCA (sub)task
subtype: km#FCA_based_KDD
subtype: km#mapping/merging/federation_of_FCA_based_KBs
subtype: km#FCA_based_conceptual_clustering
subtype: km#FCA_methodology_task
subtype: km#language/structure_specific_knowledge_representation
subtype: km#KM_methodology_task a task advised by a KM methodology
subtype: km#KR_methodology_task lexical/ontological/structural rules/conventions for a better checking/search/exploitation/re-use/sharing of the knowledge
subtype: km#ontology_building_methodology_task
subtype: km#Peirce_based_KR_methodology_task
subtype: km#KA_methodology_task__knowledge_acquisition_methodology_task__knowledgeacquisitionmethodologytask__knowledge_modelling_methodology_task__knowledgemodellingmethodologytask
subtype: km#prototype_based_KA_methodology_task km#prototype_based_KA or any substask of it
subtype: km#prototype_based_KA
subtype: km#model_based_KA_methodology_task__modelbasedkamethodologytask km#model_based_KA or any substask of it
subtype: km#model_based_KA
subtype: km#task_related_to_the_creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
subtype: km#creation/update_of_the_KBS_design_model
subtype: km#use_of_the_KBS_design_model_to_create/update_the_KBS
subtype: km#KADS_task a task of Knowledge Acquisition and Design Structuring
subtype: km#KADS-I__KADS-1__KADS1
subtype: km#CommonKADS__Common-KADS__KADS-II__KADS-2__KADS2
subtype: km#methodology_specific_knowledge_representation_or_modelling
subtype: #unconscious_process__unconsciousproces__process__proces a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial"
subtype: #condensation (psychoanalysis) an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol; especially in dreams
subtype: #transference (psychoanalysis) the process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another; during psychoanalysis the displacement of feelings toward others (usually the parents) is onto the analyst
subtype: #defense_mechanism__defensemechanism__defense_reaction__defensereaction__defencemechanism__defence_reaction__defencereaction__defense (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires
subtype: #compensation.defense_mechanism (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
subtype: #overcompensation.compensation (psychiatry) an attempt to overcome a real or imagined defect or unwanted trait by overly exaggerating its opposite
subtype: #conversion.defense_mechanism (psychiatry) a defense mechanism represses emotional conflicts which are then converted into physical symptoms that have no organic basis
subtype: #denial.defense_mechanism (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that denies painful thoughts
subtype: #displacement.defense_mechanism (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
subtype: #idealisation__idealization (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that splits something you are ambivalent about into two representations--one good and one bad
subtype: #intellectualization__intellectualisation (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that uses reasoning to block out emotional stress and conflict
subtype: #projection.defense_mechanism (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else
subtype: #rationalisation__rationalization (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your true motivation is concealed by explaining your actions and feelings in a way that is not threatening
subtype: #reaction_formation (psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously develops attitudes and behavior that are the opposite of unacceptable repressed desires and impulses and serve to conceal them; "his strict morality is just a reaction formation to hide his sexual drive"
subtype: #regression (psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by assuming a more infantile state
subtype: #repression.defense_mechanism (psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
subtype: #human_action__humanaction__act__human_activity__humanactivity something that people do or cause to happen
subtype: #action something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions"
subtype: #thing.action an action; "how could you do such a thing?"
subtype: #benignity__kindness a kind act
subtype: #benevolence__benefaction an act intending or showing kindness and good will
subtype: #cupboard_love a show of affection motivated by selfishness
subtype: #favor__favour an act of gracious kindness
subtype: #good_turn__turn a favor for someone; "he did me a good turn"
subtype: #forgiveness.benignity__pardon the act of excusing a mistake or offense
subtype: #condonation a pardon by treating the offender as if the offense had not occurred
subtype: #exculpation the act of freeing from guilt or blame
subtype: #endearment the act of showing affection
subtype: #consideration.benignity__thoughtfulness a considerate and thoughtful act
subtype: #achievement the action of accomplishing something
subtype: #deed__feat__effort__exploit a notable achievement: "he performed a great deed"; "the book was her finest effort"
subtype: #derring-do__derringdo brave and heroic deeds
subtype: #tour_de_force a masterly or brilliant feat
subtype: #going_away__goingaway__departure__going__leaving act of departing
subtype: #breaking_away departing hastily
subtype: #farewell__leave__leave-taking__leavetaking__parting the act of departing politely; "he disliked long farewells"; "he took his leave"; "parting is such sweet sorrow"
subtype: #valediction the act of saying farewell
subtype: #disappearing__disappearance the act of leaving secretly or without explanation
subtype: #vanishing suddenly disappearing from sight
subtype: #withdrawal the act of withdrawing
subtype: #self-effacement__effacement withdrawing into the background; making yourself inconspicuous
subtype: #retirement.withdrawal__retreat withdrawal for prayer and study and meditation; "a religious retreat"
subtype: #evacuation the act of evacuating; leaving a place in an orderly fashion; especially for protection
subtype: #decampment breaking camp
subtype: #desertion__abandonment__defection withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility; "his abandonment of his wife and children left them penniless"
subtype: #abscondment__decampment the act of running away secretly (as to avoid arrest)
subtype: #absence_without_leave__absencewithoutleave__unauthorizedabsence unauthorized military absence
subtype: #deviationism ideological defection from the party line (especially from orthodox communism)
subtype: #retreat (military) withdrawal to a more favorable position
subtype: #fallback__disengagement__pullout to break off a military action with an enemy
subtype: #standdown (military) withdrawal of a military presence
subtype: #receding.withdrawal__recession an act of becoming more distant
subtype: #sailing.going_away the departure of a vessel from a port
subtype: #embarkation__embarkment the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft
subtype: #exit the act of going out
subtype: #shipment__dispatch__despatch the act of sending off something
subtype: #reshipment the act of shipping again (especially by transferring to another ship)
subtype: #takeoff a departure; especially of airplanes
subtype: #running_away__runningaway leaving (without permission) the place you are expected to be
subtype: #elopement the act of running away with a lover (usually to get married)
subtype: #escape__flight the act of escaping physically; "he made his escape from the mental hospital"; "the canary escaped from its cage"; "his flight was an indication of his guilt"
subtype: #evasion the act of physically escaping from something (an opponent or a pursuer or an unpleasant situation) by some adroit maneuver
subtype: #elusion__slip__eluding the act of avoiding capture (especially by cunning)
subtype: #evasive_action__evasiveaction__maneuver__manoeuvre an action aimed at evading an enemy
subtype: #clinch (in boxing) the act of one boxer holding onto the other to avoid being hit and to rest momentarily
subtype: #flight_maneuver__airplane_maneuver an evasive maneuver by an aircraft
subtype: #bank.flight_maneuver a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning); "the plane went into a steep bank"
subtype: #vertical_bank a bank so steep that the plane's lateral axis approaches the vertical
subtype: #loop a flight maneuver; aircraft flies a complete circle in the vertical plane
subtype: #roll.flight_maneuver a flight maneuver; aircraft rotates about its longitudinal axis without changing direction or losing altitude
subtype: #barrel_roll a roll in which the plane follows a spiral course
subtype: #snap_roll a fast roll
subtype: #sideslip__slip a flight maneuver; aircraft slides sideways in the air
subtype: #straight-arm (football) the act of warding off a tackler by holding the arm fully extended with the hand against the opponent
subtype: #dodge a quick evasive movement
subtype: #breakout__break__jailbreak__gaolbreak__prisonbreak__prison-breaking an escape from jail; "the breakout was carefully planned"
subtype: #lam__getaway a rapid escape (as by criminals); "the thieves made a clean getaway"; "after the expose he had to take it on the lam"
subtype: #exodus__hegira__hejira a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment
subtype: #Underground_Railroad__Underground_Railway abolitionists secret aid to escaping slaves; pre-Civil War in US
subtype: #egression__egress__emergence the act of coming (or going) out; becoming apparent
subtype: #surfacing emerging to the surface and becoming apparent
subtype: #emission.egression__emanation the act of emitting
subtype: #radiation.action the act of radiating
subtype: #bombardment the act (or an instance) of subjecting a body or substance to the impact of high-energy particles (as electrons or alpha rays)
subtype: #venting__discharge the act of venting
subtype: #acquiring__getting the act of acquiring something; "I envied his talent for acquiring new friends"; "did you hear about his getting a car?"
subtype: #acquisition the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something; "the acquisition of wealth"; "the acquisition of one company by another"
subtype: #incurring acquiring or coming into something (usually undesirable): "incurring debts is easier than paying them"
subtype: #moneymaking the act of making money (and accumulating wealth)
subtype: #pork-barreling acquisition of government money for benefits to a specific locale: "keeps his hold on his constituents through unashamed pork-barreling"
subtype: #purchase the acquisition of something for payment; "they closed the purchase with a handshake"
subtype: #repurchase__redemption__buyback purchasing back something previously sold
subtype: #buying__purchasing the act of buying; "buying and selling fill their days"; "shrewd purchasing requires considerable knowledge"
subtype: #shopping searching for or buying goods or services: "went shopping for a reliable plumber"; "does her shopping at the mall rather than down town"
subtype: #marketing shopping at a market: "does the weekly marketing at the supermarket"
subtype: #mail-order_buying__catalog_buying__catalogbuying buying goods to be shipped through the mail
subtype: #viatication__viaticus purchasing insurance policies for cash from terminally ill policy holders
subtype: #acceptance the act of taking something that is offered; "her acceptance of the gift encouraged him"; "he anticipated their acceptance of his offer"
subtype: #taking_over__succession acquisition of property by descent or by will
subtype: #laying_claim__assumption the act of taking possession of or power over something; "his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba"; "the Nazi assumption of power in 1934"; "he acquired all the company's assets for ten million dollars and the assumption of the company's debts"
subtype: #inheritance__heritage hereditary succession to a title or an office or property
subtype: #procurement__procurance__procural the act of getting possession of something; "he was responsible for the procurement of materials and supplies"
subtype: #regaining__restitution__return__restoration getting something back again; "upon the restitution of the book to its rightful owner the child was given a tongue lashing"
subtype: #clawback (British) finding a way to take money back from people that they were given in another way; "the Treasury will find some clawback for the extra benefits members received"
subtype: #buyout acquisition of a company by purchasing a controlling percentage of its stock
subtype: #leveraged_buyout__leveragedbuyout a buyout using borrowed money; the target company's assets are usually security for the loan
subtype: #bust-up_takeover a leveraged buyout in which the target company's assets are sold to repay the loan that financed the takeover
subtype: #strategic_buyout__strategicbuyout an acquisition based on analysis of the benefits of consolidation in anticipation of increased earning power
subtype: #takeover a change by sale or merger in the controlling interest of a corporation
subtype: #hostile_takeover__hostiletakeover a takeover that is resisted by the management of the target company
subtype: #friendly_takeover a takeover that is welcomed by the management of the target company
subtype: #obtainment__obtention the act of obtaining
subtype: #contracting__catching becoming infected; "catching cold is sometimes unavoidable"; "the contracting of a serious illness can be financially catastrophic"
subtype: #appropriation a deliberate act of acquisition
subtype: #borrowing.appropriation__adoption the appropriation (of ideas or words etc) from another source; "the borrowing of ancient motifs was very apparent"
subtype: #misappropriation wrongful borrowing; "his explanation was a misappropriation of sociological theory"
subtype: #preemption__pre-emption__preemption a prior appropriation of something; "the preemption of bandwidth by commercial interests"
subtype: #seizure the taking possession of something by legal process
subtype: #confiscation__arrogation seizure by the government
subtype: #expropriation depriving an owner of property by taking it for public use
subtype: #distraint__distress the seizure and holding of property as security for payment of a debt or satisfaction of a claim
subtype: #impoundment__impounding__internment__poundage placing private property in the custody of an officer of the law
subtype: #impress__impres the act of coercing someone into government service
subtype: #recapture a legal seizure by the government of profits beyond a fixed amount
subtype: #sequestration__requisition seizing property that belongs to someone else and holding it until profits pay the demand for which it was seized
subtype: #occupancy__occupation__taking_possession__moving_in the act of occupying or taking possession of a building; "occupation of a building without a certificate of occupancy is illegal"
subtype: #preoccupancy the act of taking occupancy before someone else does
subtype: #gaining_control__gainingcontrol__capture__seizure the act of forcibly dispossessing an owner of property
subtype: #usurpation seizing and holding (an office or powers) by force
subtype: #apprehension__arrest__catch__collar__pinch__taking_into_custody the act of apprehending (especially apprehending a criminal); "the policeman on the beat got credit for the collar"
subtype: #conquering__conquest__subjection__subjugation the act of conquering
instance: #Norman_Conquest the invasion and settlement of England by the Normans following the Battle of Hastings (1066)
instance: #Norman_Conquest
subtype: #enslavement the act of making slaves of your captives
subtype: #reception.acquiring the act of receiving
subtype: #pickup the act of taking aboard passengers or freight
subtype: #disposal__disposition the act or means of getting rid of something
subtype: #appointment.disposal (law) the act of disposing of property by virtue of the power of appointment; "she allocated part of the trust to her church by appointment"
subtype: #comb-out the act of carefully weeding out unwanted things or people; "the department got a good comb-out"
subtype: #giving.disposal disposing of property by voluntary transfer without receiving value in return; "the alumni followed a program of annual giving"
subtype: #abandonment the voluntary surrender of property (or a right to property) without attempting to reclaim it or give it away
subtype: #throwing_away__discard getting rid something that is regarded as useless or undesirable
subtype: #discard to throw out a useless card or to fail to follow suit
subtype: #jettison throwing cargo overboard to lighten the load when in distress
subtype: #mine_disposal the disposal of explosive mines
subtype: #minesweeping the activity of detecting and disposing of marine mines
subtype: #sewage_disposal the disposal of sewage
subtype: #lending__loaning disposing of money or property with the expectation that the same thing (or an equivalent) will be returned
subtype: #usury the act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest
subtype: #rally.deed__rallying the feat of mustering strength for a renewed effort; "he singled to start a rally in the 9th inning"; "he feared the rallying of their troops for a counterattack"
subtype: #recovery.deed__retrieval the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost)
subtype: #repossession the action of regaining possession (especially the seizure of collateral securing a loan that is in default)
subtype: #rescue__deliverance__delivery__saving recovery or preservation from loss or danger; "work is the deliverance of mankind": "a surgeon's job is the saving of lives"
subtype: #lifesaving saving the lives of drowning persons; "he took a course in lifesaving"
subtype: #redemption__salvation (Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil
subtype: #absolution__remission__remittal__remission_of_sin the act of absolving or remitting; formal redemption as pronounced by a priest in the sacrament of penance
subtype: #spiritual_rebirth__spiritualrebirth__conversion__rebirth a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life
subtype: #proselytism the state of being a proselyte; spiritual rebirth resulting from the zeal of crusading advocacy of the gospel
subtype: #propitiation__expiation__atonement the act of atoning for sin or wrongdoing
subtype: #reformation rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course
subtype: #salvage the act of rescuing a ship or its crew or its cargo from a shipwreck or a fire
subtype: #salvage.rescue the act of saving goods or property that were in danger of damage or destruction
subtype: #salvation.rescue saving someone or something from harm of from an unpleasant situation; "the salvation of his party was the president's major concern"
subtype: #search_and_rescue_mission a military rescue mission to search for survivors and to rescue them
subtype: #ransom.recovery the act of freeing from captivity or punishment
subtype: #retaking__recapture the act of taking something back
subtype: #effectuation__implementation the act of implementing (providing a practical means for accomplishing something)
subtype: #invocation the act of appealing for help
subtype: #instrumentation the act of providing or using the instruments needed for some implementation
subtype: #automation__mechanization__mechanisation__high_technology__high-tech a highly technical implementation; usually involving electronic hardware; "automation replaces human workers by machines"
subtype: #motorization__motorisation the act of motorizing (equiping with motors or with motor vehicles)
subtype: #means.effectuation__mean__agency__way how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; "a means of control"; "an example is the best agency of instruction"; "the true way to success"
subtype: #dint interchangeable with `means' in the expression `by dint of'
subtype: #escape.means a means or way of escaping; "hard work was his escape from worry"; "they installed a second hatch as an escape"; "their escape route"
subtype: #road a way or means to achieve something; "the road to fame"
subtype: #royal_road__royalroad an auspicious way or means to achieve something: "the royal road to success"
subtype: #stepping_stone any means of advancement; "the job was just a stepping stone on his way to fame and riches"
subtype: #expedient a means to an end; not necessarily a principled or ethical one
subtype: #makeshift__stopgap something contrived to meet an urgent need or emergency
subtype: #crutch anything that serves as an expedient; "he uses drugs as a psychological crutch"
subtype: #improvisation__temporary_expedient__temporaryexpedient an unplanned expedient
subtype: #pis_aller__pisaller__last_resort French for `worst going'
subtype: #desperate_measure__desperatemeasure desperate actions taken as a means to an end; "he had to resort to desperate measures"
subtype: #open_sesame any very successful means of achieving a result
subtype: #salvation a means of preserving from harm or unpleasantness; "tourism was their economic salvation"; "they turned to individualism as their salvation"
subtype: #tooth.means a means of enforcement; "the treaty had no teeth in it"
subtype: #voice.means a means or agency by which something is expressed or communicated; "the voice of the law"; "the Times is not the voice of New York"; "conservatism has many voices"
subtype: #wings__wing a means of flight or ascent; "necessity lends wings to inspiration"
subtype: #praxis__practice translating an idea into action; "a hard theory to put into practice"; "differences between theory and praxis of communism"
subtype: #actuation__propulsion the act of propelling
subtype: #launching.actuation__launch the act of propelling with force
subtype: #rocket_firing__rocket_launching the launching of a rocket or missile under its own power
subtype: #blastoff__shot the launching of a missile or spacecraft to a specified destination
subtype: #moon_shot the launching of a spacecraft to the moon
subtype: #launching the act of moving a newly-built vessel into the water for the first time
subtype: #driving_force__drivingforce__drive__thrust the act of applying force to propel something; "after reaching the desired velocity the drive is cut off"
subtype: #firewall (informal) the application of maximum thrust; "he slammed the throttle to the firewall"
subtype: #impulse__impulsion__impetus__impetu the act of applying force suddenly; "the impulse knocked him over"
subtype: #roll the act of rolling something (as the ball in bowling)
subtype: #throw the act of throwing (propelling something through the air with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist); "the catcher made a good throw to second base"
subtype: #bowling.throw (cricket) the act of delivering a cricket ball to the batsman
subtype: #Chinaman a ball bowled by a left-handed bowler to a right-handed batsman that spins from off to leg
subtype: #googly__wrong_'un__wrong'un__bosie__bosie_ball__bosieball a cricket ball bowled as if to break one way that actually breaks in the opposite way
subtype: #no_ball unlawfully delivered ball in cricket; "the umpire called it a no ball"
subtype: #fling the act of flinging
subtype: #heave.throw__heaving throwing something heavy (with great effort); "he gave it a mighty heave"; "he was not good at heaving passes"
subtype: #hurl__cast a violent throw
subtype: #leaner (horseshoes) the throw of a horseshoe so as to lean against (but not encircle) the stake
subtype: #toss__pass__flip (sports) the act of throwing the ball to another member of your team; "the pass was fumbled"
subtype: #centering__snap (football) putting the ball in play by passing it (between the legs) to a back
subtype: #pitch the action or manner of throwing something; "his pitch fell short and his hat landed on the floor"
subtype: #pitch.throw__delivery (baseball) the throwing of a baseball by a pitcher to a batter
subtype: #balk an illegal pitching motion while runners are on base
subtype: #ball.pitch a pitch that is not in the strike zone; "he threw nine straight balls before the manager yanked him"
subtype: #beanball__beaner a baseball deliberately thrown at the batter's head
subtype: #change-up__change-of-pace__change-of-pace_ball__off-speed_pitch__offspeedpitch a baseball thrown with little velocity when the batter is expecting a fastball
subtype: #curve_ball__curveball__curve__breaking_ball__bender a baseball thrown with spin so that its path curves as it approach the batter
subtype: #duster a pitch thrown deliberately close to the batter
subtype: #fastball__heater__smoke__hummer__bullet (baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity; "he swung late on the fastball"; "he showed batters nothing but smoke"
subtype: #slider a fastball that curves slightly away from the side from which it was thrown
subtype: #knuckleball__knuckler a baseball pitch thrown with little speed or spin
subtype: #screwball a pitch with reverse spin that curves toward the side of the plate from which it was thrown
subtype: #sinker a pitch that curves downward rapidly as it approaches the plate
subtype: #spitter__spitball an illegal pitch in which a foreign substance (spit or Vaseline) is applied to the ball by the pitcher before he throws it
subtype: #strike.pitch a pitch that is in the strike zone and that the batter does not hit; "this pitcher throws more strikes than balls"
subtype: #submarine_ball__submarineball__submarine_pitch__submarinepitch a pitch thrown sidearm instead of overhead
subtype: #wild_pitch a pitch that the catcher cannot stop
subtype: #ringer (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
subtype: #shy a quick throw; "he gave the ball a shy to the first baseman"
subtype: #slinging throwing with a wide motion (as if with a sling)
subtype: #throw-in__throwin (rugby football) an act or instance of throwing a ball in to put it into play
subtype: #pushing__push the act of applying force in order to move something away; "he gave the door a hard push"; "the pushing is good exercise"
subtype: #depression pushing down; "depression of the space bar on the typewriter"
subtype: #mouse_click__mouseclick__click depression of a button on a computer mouse: "a click on the right button for example"
subtype: #nudge__jog a slight push or shake
subtype: #press__pres__pressing the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure; "he gave the button a press"; "he used pressure to stop the bleeding"; "at the pressing of a button"
subtype: #impression.press the act of pressing one thing on or into the surface of another; "he watched the impression of the seal on the hot wax"
subtype: #compressing__compression applying pressure
subtype: #squeezing__squeeze the act of gripping and pressing firmly; "he gave her cheek a playful squeeze"
subtype: #tweak__pinch a squeeze with the fingers
subtype: #expression.squeezing the act of forcing something out by squeezing or pressing; "the expression of milk from her breast"
subtype: #extrusion__expulsion squeezing out by applying pressure
subtype: #constriction the action or process of constricting or squeezing
subtype: #spasm (pathology) sudden constriction of a hollow organ (as a blood vessel)
subtype: #bronchospasm a spasm of the bronchi that makes exhalation difficult and noisy; associated with asthma and bronchitis
subtype: #cardiospasm a spasm of the cardiac sphincter (between the esophagus and the stomach); if the cardiac sphincter does not relax during swallowing the passage of food into the stomach is obstructed
subtype: #retch__heave an involuntary spasm of ineffectual vomiting; "a bad case of the heaves"
subtype: #laryngismus__laryngismu laryngeal spasm caused by the sudden contraction of laryngeal muscles
subtype: #strangulation (pathology) constriction of a body part so as to cut off the flow of blood or other fluid: "strangulation of the intestine"
subtype: #vasoconstriction decrease in the diameter of blood vessels
subtype: #condensing__condensation the act of increasing the density of something
subtype: #thickening__inspissation the act of thickening
subtype: #compaction__crush__crunch the act of crushing
subtype: #grind__mill__pulverization__pulverisation the act of grinding
subtype: #decompressing__decompression relieving pressure
subtype: #shove the act of shoving (giving a push to someone or something); "he gave the door a shove"
subtype: #bundling the act of shoving hastily; "she complained about bundling the children off to school"
subtype: #jostle__jostling the act of jostling (forcing your way by pushing)
subtype: #elbowing jostling with the elbows; "elbowing is a foul in basketball"
subtype: #boost the act of giving an upward push; "he gave her a boost over the fence"
subtype: #pulling__pull the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you; "the pull up the hill had him breathing harder"; "his strenuous pulling strained his back"
subtype: #drag the act of dragging (pulling with force); "the drag up the hill exhausted him"
subtype: #haulage__draw__haul the act of drawing or hauling something; "the haul up the hill went very slowly"
subtype: #tow__towage the act of hauling something (as a vehicle) by means of a hitch or rope; "the truck gave him a tow to the garage"
subtype: #tug__jerk a sudden abrupt pull
subtype: #draft__draught__drawing the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling
subtype: #extirpation__deracination the act of pulling up or out; uprooting
subtype: #pluck the act of pulling and releasing a taut cord
subtype: #traction (orthopedics) the act of pulling on a bone or limb (as in a fracture) to relieve pressure or align parts in a special way during healing; "his leg was in traction for several days"
subtype: #lift.actuation__raise__heave__elevation the act of raising something; "he responded with a lift of his eyebrow"; "fireman learn several different raises for getting ladders up"
subtype: #forcing_out__forcingout__expulsion__projection__ejection the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting
subtype: #defenestration the act of throwing someone or something out of a window
subtype: #belch__burp__burping a reflex that expels wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth
subtype: #belching the forceful expulsion of something from inside; "the belching of smoke from factory chimneys"
subtype: #coughing_up the act of expelling (food or phlegm) by coughing
subtype: #spitting__spit__expectoration the act of spitting (forcefully expelling saliva)
subtype: #vomiting__vomit__emesis__regurgitation__disgorgement__puking the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth
subtype: #rumination regurgitation of small amounts of food; seen in some infants after feeding
subtype: #hematemesis__hematemesi__haematemesis vomiting blood
subtype: #hyperemesis__hyperemesi severe and excessive vomiting
subtype: #hyperemesis_gravidarum__hyperemesisgravidarum hyperemesis during pregnancy; if severe it can result in damage to the brain and liver and kidney
subtype: #jump__jumping the act of jumping; propelling yourself off the ground; "he advanced in a series of jumps"; "the jumping was unexpected"
subtype: #header a headlong jump (or fall); "he took a header into the shrubbery"
subtype: #hop the act of hopping (jumping upward or forward (especially on one foot))
subtype: #leaping__leap__spring__saltation__bound__bounce a light springing movement upwards or forwards
subtype: #pounce the act of pouncing
subtype: #vault.jump__hurdle the act of vaulting
subtype: #lob the act of propelling something (as a ball or shell etc.) in a high arc
subtype: #wheeling__rolling propelling something on wheels
subtype: #shooting.actuation__shot the act of firing a projectile; "his shooting was slow but accurate"
subtype: #shoot the act of shooting at targets; "they hold a shoot every weekend during the summer"
subtype: #skeet_shooting__skeetshooting__skeet the sport of shooting at clay pigeons that are hurled upward in such a way as to simulate the flight of a bird
subtype: #countershot a return shot; a retaliatory shot
subtype: #firing_off__discharge__firing the act of discharging a gun
subtype: #gun.firing_off the discharge of a gun as signal or as a salute in military ceremonies; "a twenty gun salute"
subtype: #gunfire__gunshot the act of shooting a gun; "the gunfire endangered innocent bystanders"; "they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire"
subtype: #enfilade_fire__enfilade gunfire directed along the length rather than the breadth of a formation
subtype: #headshot a shot aimed at a person's head
subtype: #shellfire shooting artillery shells
subtype: #potshot a shot taken at an easy or casual target (as by a pothunter)
subtype: #dribble the propulsion of a ball by repeated taps or kicks
subtype: #touch__touching the act of putting two things together with no space between them; "at his touch the room filled with lights"
subtype: #contact.touch the act of touching physically; "her fingers came in contact with the light switch"
subtype: #wipe__rub the act of rubbing or wiping; "he gave the hood a quick rub"
subtype: #scuff the act of scuffing (scraping or dragging the feet)
subtype: #rubdown the act of rubbing down
subtype: #fair_ball (in baseball) a ball struck with the bat so that it stays between the lines (the foul lines) that define the width of the playing field
subtype: #snick a glancing contact with the ball off the edge of the cricket bat
subtype: #laying_on the act of contacting something with your hand; "peonies can be blighted by the laying on of a finger"
subtype: #dab__tap__pat a light touch or stroke
subtype: #hitting__hit__striking a act of hitting one thing with another; "repeated hitting raised a large bruise"; "after three misses she finally got a hit"
subtype: #contusion the action of bruising; "the bruise resulted from a contusion"
subtype: #collision.hitting__crash__smash the act of colliding with something
subtype: #impingement__impaction a sharp collision produced by striking or dashing against something
subtype: #bunt the act of hitting a baseball lightly without swinging the bat
subtype: #fly_ball__flyball__fly (baseball) a hit that flies high in the air
subtype: #blast a long and hard-hit fly ball
subtype: #pop_fly__popfly a short high fly ball
subtype: #grounder__ground_ball__hopper (baseball) a hit that travels along the ground
subtype: #chopper__chop a grounder that bounces high in the air
subtype: #roller a grounder that rolls along the infield
subtype: #header.hitting (soccer) the act of hitting the ball with your head
subtype: #line_drive__liner (baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter; "the batter hit a liner to the shortstop"
subtype: #scorcher.hitting__screamer a very hard hit ball
subtype: #plunker the act of hitting a baseball so that it drops suddenly
subtype: #dig__jab the act of touching someone suddenly with your finger or elbow; "she gave me a sharp dig in the ribs"
subtype: #kiss__brush a light glancing touch; "there was a brief kiss of their hands in passing"
subtype: #buss__kiss__osculation a caress with the lips
subtype: #smooch__smack an enthusiastic kiss
subtype: #smacker.smooch a loud kiss
subtype: #soul_kiss__deep_kiss__French_kiss an open-mouthed kiss in which your tongue is inserted into the other's mouth
subtype: #grab__catch__snatch__snap the act of catching an object with the hands; "Mays made the catch with his back to the plate"
subtype: #fair_catch a catch of a punt on the fly by a defensive player who has signalled that he will not run and so should not be tackled
subtype: #interception the act of catching a football by a player on the opposing team
subtype: #reception the act of catching a pass in football; "the tight end made a great reception on the 20 yard line"
subtype: #rebound the act of securing possession of the rebounding basketball after a missed shot
subtype: #shoestring_catch (baseball) a running catch made near the ground
subtype: #interlock__mesh__meshing__interlocking the act of interlocking or meshing; "an interlocking of arms by the police held the crowd in check"
subtype: #handling.touch__manipulation the action of touching with the hands or the skillful use of the hands
subtype: #fielding (in baseball) handling the ball while playing in the field
subtype: #fingering.touch touching something with the fingers
subtype: #grope the act of groping; and instance of groping
subtype: #palpation__tactual_exploration__tactualexploration a method of examination in which the examiner feels the size or shape or firmness or location of something (of body parts when the examiner is a health professional)
subtype: #ballottement a palpatory technique for feeling a floating object in the body (especially for determining the position of a fetus by feeling the rebound of the fetus after a quick digital tap on the wall of the uterus)
subtype: #tickling__tickle__titillation the act of tickling
subtype: #stroking__stroke a light touch with the hands
subtype: #caress a gentle affectionate stroking (or something resembling it); "he showered her with caresses"; "soft music was a fond caress"; "the caresses of the breeze played over his face"
subtype: #tag.touch touching a player in a game
subtype: #lick__lap touching with the tongue
subtype: #shaving__grazing__skimming the act of brushing against while passing
subtype: #hit a successful stroke in an athletic contest (especially in baseball); "he came all the way around on Williams' hit"
subtype: #base_hit__safety__bingle the successful act of striking a baseball in such a way that the batter reaches base safely
subtype: #home_run__homer a base hit on which the batter scores a run
subtype: #solo_homer__solo_blast a home run with no runners on base
subtype: #single a base hit on which the batter stops safely at first base
subtype: #line-drive_single__line_single a single resulting from a line drive
subtype: #two-base_hit__double__two-bagger__twobagger__two-baser__twobaser a base hit on which the batter stops safely at second base; " he hit a double to deep centerfield"
subtype: #line-drive_double__line_double a double resulting from a line drive
subtype: #three-base_hit__triple__three-bagger__threebagger a base hit at which the batter stops safely at third base
subtype: #line-drive_triple__line_triple a triple resulting from a line drive
subtype: #uncovering__discovery__find the act of discovering something
subtype: #espial__detection__catching__spying__spotting the act of detecting something; catching sight of something
subtype: #self-discovery discovering your own individuality
subtype: #breakthrough making an important discovery
subtype: #determination__finding the act of determining the properties of something
subtype: #designation.determination__identification the act of designating or identifying something
subtype: #diagnosis__diagnosi__diagnosing identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon
subtype: #blood_typing__bloodtyping determining a person's blood type by serological methods
subtype: #medical_diagnosis__medicaldiagnosi identification a disease from its symptoms
subtype: #differential_diagnosis a systematic method of diagnosing a disorder (e.g., headache) that lacks unique symptoms or signs
subtype: #medical_prognosis__medicalprognosi__prognosi__prospect a prediction of the course of a disease
subtype: #urinalysis__uranalysis the chemical analysis of urine (for medical diagnosis)
subtype: #solving finding a solution to a problem
subtype: #validation__proof the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something
subtype: #authentication__certification validating the authenticity of something or someone
subtype: #documentation__support documentary validation; "his documentation of the results was excellent"; "the strongest support for this this view is the work of Jones"
subtype: #monetization__monetisation establishing something (e.g. gold or silver) as the legal tender of a country
subtype: #probate the act of proving that an instrument purporting to be a will was signed and executed in accord with legal requirements
subtype: #falsifying__falsification__disproof__refutation the act of determining that something is false
subtype: #localization__localisation__location__locating__fix a determination of the location of something; "he got a good fix on the target"
subtype: #echolocation__echo_sounding determining the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it
subtype: #redetermination determining again
subtype: #rediscovery the act of discovering again
subtype: #causing__causation the act of causing something to happen
subtype: #sending the act of causing something to go (especially messages)
subtype: #transmittal__transmission__transmitting the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted
subtype: #forwarding the act of sending on to another destination; "the forwarding of mail to a new address is done automatically"; "the forwarding of resumes to the personnel department"
subtype: #referral the act of referring (as forwarding an applicant for employment or referring a matter to an appropriate agency)
subtype: #remitment__remission__remit the act of remitting (especially the referral of a law case to another court)
subtype: #mailing__posting the transmission of a letter; "the postmark indicates the time of mailing"
subtype: #telephotography.transmittal transmission and reproduction of photographs and charts and pictures over a distance
subtype: #radiophotography transmission of photographs by radio waves
subtype: #trigger__induction__initiation an act that sets in motion some course of events
subtype: #instigation__fomentation deliberate and intentional triggering (of trouble or discord)
subtype: #compulsion__coercion using force to cause something: "though pressed into rugby under compulsion I began to enjoy the game"; "they didn`t have to use coercion"
subtype: #constructive_eviction__eviction action by a landlord that compels a tenant to leave the premises (as by rendering the premises unfit for occupancy); no physical expulsion or legal process is involved
subtype: #influence causing something without any direct or apparent effort
subtype: #cross-pollination__crosspollination stimulating influence among diverse elements; "the cross-pollination of the arts"
subtype: #exposure the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience; "she denounced the exposure of children to pornography"
subtype: #impingement.influence__encroachment__impact influencing strongly: "they resented the impingement of American values on European culture"
subtype: #manipulation__use exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage; "his manipulation of his friends was scandalous"
subtype: #hypnotism__mesmerism__suggestion the act of inducing hypnosis
subtype: #persuasion inducement by argument or reasoning or entreaty
subtype: #enticement__temptation the act of influencing by exciting hope or desire; "his enticements were shameless"
subtype: #wheedling__blandishment the act of urging by means of teasing or flattery
subtype: #invitation.enticement the act of enticing or alluring; "she was an invitation to trouble"
subtype: #leading_astray__leadingastray__leading_off__leadingoff the act of enticing others into sinful ways
subtype: #seduction enticing someone astray from right behavior
subtype: #solicitation.enticement__allurement the act of enticing a person to do something wrong (as an offer of sex in return for money)
subtype: #inducing__inducement act of bringing about a desired result: "inducement of sleep"
subtype: #equalization__equalisation__leveling the act of making equal or uniform
subtype: #balancing__reconciliation getting two things to correspond; "the reconciliation of his checkbook and the bank statement"
subtype: #equating__equation the act of regarding as equal
subtype: #exhumation__disinterment__digging_up__diggingup the act of digging up something (especially a corpse) that has been buried
subtype: #obstetrical_delivery__obstetricaldelivery__delivery the act of delivering a child
subtype: #breech_delivery__breech_birth__breech_presentation delivery of an infant whose feet or buttocks appear first
subtype: #frank_breech_delivery__frank_breech__frankbreech position of a fetus in which the buttocks are present at the maternal pelvic outlet
subtype: #cesarean_delivery__caesarean_delivery__caesareandelivery__cesarean_section__cesarian_section__caesarean_section__caesareansection__C-section__cesarean__cesarian__caesarean__abdominal_delivery__abdominaldelivery the delivery of a fetus by surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus (from the belief that Julius Caesar was born that way)
subtype: #forceps_delivery__forcepsdelivery delivery in which forceps are inserted through the vagina and used to grasp the head of the fetus and pull it through the birth canal; since the forceps can injure the fetus this procedure has generally given way to cesarean deliveries
subtype: #midwifery assisting women at childbirth
subtype: #stunt a difficult or unusual or dangerous feat; usually done to gain attention
subtype: #Russian_roulette a stunt in which you spin the cylinder of a revolver that is loaded with only one bullet and then point the muzzle at your head and pull the trigger
subtype: #acrobatic_stunt__acrobatic_feat__acrobaticfeat a stunt performed by an acrobat
subtype: #backbend an acrobatic feat in which the trunk is bent backward from a standing position until the hands touch the floor
subtype: #back_circle a feat in which an acrobat arches the back from a prone position and bends the knees until the toes touch the head
subtype: #walkover backbends combined with handstands
subtype: #cartwheel acrobatic revolutions with the body turned sideways and the arms and legs outstretched like the spokes of a wheel
subtype: #handstand the act of supporting yourself by your hands alone in an upside down position
subtype: #handspring an acrobatic feat in which a person goes from a standing position to a handstand and back again
subtype: #headstand an acrobatic feat in which a person balances on the head (usually with the help of the hands)
subtype: #tumble an acrobatic feat of rolling or turning end over end
subtype: #somersault__somersaulting__flip an acrobatic feat in which the feet roll over the head (either forward or backward) and return
subtype: #flip-flop a backward somersault
subtype: #split extending the legs at right angles to the trunks (one in front and the other in back)
subtype: #masterpiece an outstanding achievement
subtype: #masterstroke an achievement demonstrating great skill or mastery
subtype: #credit.achievement used in the phrase "to your credit" to indicate an achievement deserving praise; "she already had several performances to her credit"
subtype: #performance.achievement any recognized accomplishment; "they admired his performance under stress"; "when Roger Maris powered four home runs in one game his performance merits awe"
subtype: #overachievement better than expected performance (better than might have been predicted from intelligence tests)
subtype: #underachievement poorer than expected performance (poorer than might have been predicted from intelligence tests)
subtype: #track_record.achievement__trackrecord__record the sum of recognized accomplishments; "the lawyer has a good record"
subtype: #fait_accompli__accomplished_fact an irreversible accomplishment
subtype: #going__sledding advancing toward a goal; "persuading him was easy going" or "the proposal faces tough sledding"
subtype: #arrival.achievement__reaching accomplishment of an objective
subtype: #attainment.arrival arrival at a new stage; "his attainment of puberty was delayed by malnutrition"
subtype: #advent__coming arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous); "the advent of the computer"
subtype: #close_call__closecall__close_shave__closeshave__squeak__squeaker__narrow_escape something achieved (or escaped) by a narrow margin
subtype: #completion the act of becoming or making complete: "her work is still far from completion"
subtype: #consummation the act of bringing to completion or fruition
subtype: #realization__realisation__fruition something that is realized; "the victory was the realization of a whole year's work"
subtype: #orgasm__climax__sexual_climax__coming the moment of most intense pleasure in sexual intercourse
subtype: #male_orgasm an orgasm accompanied by the sensation of ejaculation of semen
subtype: #fulfillment__fulfilment the act of consummating something (a desire or promise etc)
subtype: #self-fulfillment__self-realization__self-realisation the fulfillment of your capacities
subtype: #satisfaction act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite; "the satisfaction of their demand for better services"
subtype: #gratification the act or an instance of gratifying or satisfying
subtype: #self-gratification the act of satisfying your own desires and giving yourself pleasure
subtype: #indulging__indulgence__pampering__humoring the act of indulging or gratifying a desire
subtype: #overindulgence__excess excessive indulgence; "the child was spoiled by overindulgence"
subtype: #orgy.indulging any act of immoderate indulgence
subtype: #pleasing the act of one who pleases
subtype: #consummation.completion the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse
subtype: #attainment the act of achieving an aim; "the attainment of independence"
subtype: #record.attainment an extreme attainment; the best (or worst) performance ever attested (as in a sport); "he tied the Olympic record"; "coffee production last year broke all previous records"; "Chicago set the homicide record"
subtype: #track_record__trackrecord the best recorded performance at a particular racetrack
subtype: #world_record__worldrecord the best record in the whole world
subtype: #success__succes an attainment that is successful; "his success in the marathon was unexpected"; "his new play was a great success"
subtype: #winning succeeding with great difficulty; "winning is not everything"
subtype: #smash__hit__bang__strike a conspicuous success; "that song was his first hit and marked the beginning of his career"
subtype: #bell_ringer.success__bellringer__bull's_eye__mark something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal; "the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer"; "scored a bull's eye"; "hit the mark"
subtype: #conquest success in mastering something difficult; "the conquest of space"
subtype: #coup a brilliant and notable success
subtype: #flying_colors__flying_colours complete success; "they passed inspection with flying colors"
subtype: #qualifying__passing__pass success in satisfying a test or requirement; "his future depended on his passing that test"; "he got a pass in introductory chemistry"
subtype: #overturn__upset an improbable and unexpected victory; "the biggest upset since David beat Goliath"
subtype: #seduction.success__conquest an act of winning the love of someone
subtype: #sexual_conquest__score a seduction culminating in sexual intercourse; "calling his seduction of the girl a `score' was a typical example of male slang"
subtype: #score the act of scoring in a game or sport; "the winning score came with less than a minute left to play"
subtype: #bull's_eye in target shooting: a score made by hitting the center of the target; "in repeated sets of five shots his numbers of bull's-eyes varied"
subtype: #goal a successful attempt at scoring; "the winning goal came with less than a minute left to play"
subtype: #ten-strike__tenstrike__strike a score in tenpins: knocking down all ten with the first ball; "he finished with three strikes in the tenth frame"
subtype: #spare a score in tenpins; knocking down all ten after rolling two balls
subtype: #open_frame__break any frame in which a bowler fails to make a strike or spare; "the break in the eighth frame cost him the match"
subtype: #safety a score in American football; a player is tackled behind his own goal line
subtype: #touchdown a score in American football; being in possession of the ball across the opponents' goal line
subtype: #field_goal__fieldgoal a score in American football; a score made by kicking the ball between the opponents' goal posts
subtype: #conversion a successful free throw or try for point after a touchdown
subtype: #point_after__extra_point a score in American football made on a try for points after a touchdown
subtype: #tally__run a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely; "the Yankees scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th" or "their first tally came in the 3rd inning"
subtype: #earned_run a run that was not scored as the result of an error by the other team
subtype: #unearned_run a run that was scored as a result of an error by the other team
subtype: #run_batted_in__rbi a run that is the result of the batter's performance; "he had more than 100 rbi last season"
subtype: #basket__field_goal__fieldgoal a score in basketball made by throwing the ball through the hoop
subtype: #hat_trick__hattrick three consecutive scores by one player or three scores in one game (as in cricket or ice hockey etc.)
subtype: #break_of_serve__break (tennis) a score consisting of winning a game when your opponent was serving; "he was up two breaks in the second set"
subtype: #equalizer a score that makes the match even
subtype: #solution.act the successful action of solving a problem; "the solution took three hours"
subtype: #course_credit__credit educational recognition that a course of studies has been successfully completed
subtype: #semester_hour a unit of academic credit; one hour a week for an academic semester
subtype: #freeing__release the act of liberating someone or something
subtype: #jail_delivery the use of force to liberate prisoners
subtype: #deregulation__deregulating the act of freeing from regulation (especially from governmental regulations)
subtype: #relief.freeing the act of freeing a city or town that has been besieged; "he asked for troops for the relief of Atlanta"
subtype: #unsnarling__untangling__disentanglement__extrication the act of releasing from a snarled or tangled condition
subtype: #emancipation freeing someone from the control of another; especially a parent's relinquishing authority and control over a minor child
subtype: #clearing the act of freeing from suspicion
subtype: #purging__purge__purgation the act of clearing yourself (or another) from some stigma or charge
subtype: #purification.purging the act of purging of sin or guilt; "purification through repentance"
subtype: #exoneration__vindication__whitewash the act of vindicating; "subsequent events have proved to be a vindication of his position"
subtype: #justification the act of justifying: "the justification of barbarous means by holy ends"- H.J.Muller
subtype: #manumission the formal act of freeing from slavery; "he believed in the manumission of the slaves"
subtype: #probation the act of liberating on probation
subtype: #base_on_balls__walk__pass (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls; "he worked the pitcher for a base on balls"
subtype: #haymaking.achievement taking full advantage of an opportunity while it lasts
subtype: #face_saver__face_saving an act that avoids a loss of face (of dignity or prestige)
subtype: #recruitment__enlisting the act of getting recruits; enlisting people for the army (or for a job or a cause etc.)
subtype: #smooth the act of smoothing; "he gave is hair a quick smooth"
subtype: #course_of_action__course a mode of action; "if you persist in that course you will surely fail"
subtype: #collision_course__collisioncourse a course of action (following a given philosophy) that will lead to conflict if it continues unabated
subtype: #way_of_life__way__path a course of conduct; "the path of virtue"; "we went our separate ways"; "our paths in life led us apart"; "genius usually follows a revolutionary path"
subtype: #free-living a way of life given to easy indulgence of the appetites
subtype: #primrose_path a life of ease and pleasure
subtype: #straight_and_narrow__strait_and_narrow the way of proper and honest behavior; "he taught his children to keep strictly to the straight and narrow"
subtype: #vanity_fair a vain and frivolous way of life especially in large cities (after a fair held in the town of Vanity in Pilgrim's Progress)
subtype: #warpath a course leading to warfare or battle
subtype: #interaction a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting
subtype: #interplay reciprocal action and reaction
subtype: #contact close interaction: "they kept in daily contact"; "they claimed that they had been in contact with extraterrestrial beings"
subtype: #eye_contact__eyecontact contact that occurs when two people look directly at each other; "a teacher should make eye contact with the students"
subtype: #placement contact established between applicants and prospective employees; "the agency provided placement services"
subtype: #interchange.interaction__reciprocation__give-and-take mutual interaction; the activity of interchanging or reciprocating
subtype: #reciprocity mutual exchange of commercial or other privileges
subtype: #dealings__traffic social or verbal interchange (usually followed by `with')
subtype: #relation.dealings (usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups: "international relations"
subtype: #playing.action the action of taking part in a game or sport or other recreation
subtype: #bowling the playing of a game of tenpins or duckpins etc
subtype: #catching playing the position of catcher on a baseball team
subtype: #golfing playing golf; "he goes south every winter for the golfing"
subtype: #pitching playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team
subtype: #sword_play__swordplay__play the act using a sword (or other weapon) vigorously and skillfully
subtype: #swordplay__fencing the act or art of using a sword as in fencing
subtype: #arrival the act of arriving at a certain place; "they awaited her arrival"
subtype: #ingress__ingres__entering__entry__incoming the act of entering; "she made a grand entrance"
subtype: #incursion the act of entering some territory or domain (often in large numbers); "the incursion of television into the American livingroom"
subtype: #intrusion entrance by force or without permission or welcome
subtype: #irruption a sudden violent entrance; a bursting in; "the recent irruption of bad manners"
subtype: #entree the act of entering; "she made a graceful entree into the ballroom"
subtype: #enrollment__registration__enrolment the act of enrolling
subtype: #penetration the act of entering into or through something; "the penetration of upper management by women"
subtype: #interpenetration__permeation thorough penetration
subtype: #admission__admittance the act of admitting someone to enter; "the surgery was performed on his second admission to the clinic"
subtype: #readmission the act of admitting someone again; "the surgery was performed on his readmission to the clinic"
subtype: #matriculation__matric admission to a group (especially a college or university)
subtype: #accession the act of entering upon or attaining to a position or right
subtype: #appearance the act of appearing in public view; "the rookie made a brief appearance in the first period"; "it was Bernhardt's last appearance in America"
subtype: #apparition an act of appearing or becoming visible unexpectedly; "natives were amazed at the apparition of this white stanger"
subtype: #emergence__emersion the act of emerging
subtype: #reappearance.appearance__return the act of someone appearing again; "his reappearance as Hamlet has been long awaited"
subtype: #comeback return by a celebrity to some previously successful activity
subtype: #return.arrival__homecoming a coming to or returning home; "on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party"
subtype: #repatriation the act of returning to the country of origin
subtype: #anchorage the act of anchoring
subtype: #docking__moorage__tying_up__tyingup a act of securing an arriving vessel with ropes
subtype: #landing the act of coming to land after a voyage
subtype: #debarkation__disembarkment the act of passengers and crew getting off of a ship or aircraft
subtype: #going_ashore__goingashore debarkation from a boat or ship
subtype: #touchdown.landing a landing (as the wheels touch the landing field); especially of airplanes
subtype: #splashdown a landing of a spacecraft in the sea at the end of a space flight
subtype: #landing.arrival the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); "the plane made a smooth landing"; "his landing on his feet was catlike"
subtype: #aircraft_landing__airplane_landing landing an aircraft
subtype: #forced_landing__emergency_landing__emergencylanding an unscheduled airplane landing that is made under circumstances (engine failure or adverse weather) not under the pilot's control
subtype: #crash_landing__crashlanding an emergency landing under circumstances where a normal landing is impossible (usually damaging the aircraft)
subtype: #ground-controlled_approach__GCA aircraft landing in bad weather in which the pilot is talked down by ground control using precision approach radar
subtype: #three-point_landing__threepointlanding a landing in which all three wheels of the aircraft touch the ground at the same time
subtype: #instrument_landing an aircraft landing made entirely by means of instruments
subtype: #execution__performance__carrying_out__carrying_into_action the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; "they criticised his performance as mayor"; "experience generally improves performance"
subtype: #specific_performance the performance of a legal contract as specified by its terms
subtype: #mechanism.execution__mechanics__mechanic technical aspects of doing something; "mechanisms of communication"; "the mechanics of prose style"
subtype: #music.recreation a musical diversion; "his music was his central interest"
subtype: #vocal_music__vocalmusic music that is vocalized (as contrasted with instrumental music)
subtype: #singing__vocalizing the act of singing vocal music
subtype: #a_cappella_singing__a_capella_singing__acapellasinging singing without instrumental accompaniment
subtype: #bel_canto__belcanto a style of operatic singing
subtype: #coloratura singing with florid ornamentation
subtype: #caroling singing joyful religious songs (especially at Christmas)
subtype: #crooning the act of singing popular songs in a sentimental manner
subtype: #crooning.singing singing in a soft low tone; "her crooning soon put the child to sleep"
subtype: #scat_singing__scat singing jazz; the singer substitutes nonsense syllables for the words of the song and tries to sound like a musical instrument
subtype: #harmonization__harmonisation singing in harmony
subtype: #humming the act of singing with closed lips
subtype: #chanting__intonation the act of singing in a monotonous tone
subtype: #cantillation liturgical chanting
subtype: #karaoke singing popular songs accompanied by a recording of an orchestra (usually in bars or nightclubs)
subtype: #part-singing singing with three or more voice parts
subtype: #psalmody__hymnody the act of singing psalms or hymns
subtype: #singsong (British) informal group singing of popular songs
subtype: #solmization singing using solfa syllables to denote the notes of the scale
subtype: #yodeling singing by changing back and forth between the chest voice and a falsetto
subtype: #song.vocal_music__strain the act of singing; "with a shout and a song they marched up to the gates"
subtype: #carol a joyful song (usually celebrating the birth of Christ)
subtype: #lullaby__cradlesong a quiet song that lulls a child to sleep
subtype: #aria an elaborate song for solo voice
subtype: #carillon_playing__bell_ringing__carillon playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower
subtype: #change_ringing ringing tuned bells in a fixed order that is continually changing
subtype: #drumming__percussion the act of playing drums; "he practiced his drumming several hours every day"
subtype: #whistling the act of whistling a tune; "his cheerful whistling indicated that he enjoyed his work"
subtype: #choice.action__selection__option__pick the act of choosing or selecting; "your choice of colors was unfortunate"; "you can take your pick"
subtype: #casting the choice of actors to play particular roles in a play or movie
subtype: #sampling (statistics) the selection of a suitable sample for study
subtype: #random_sampling the selection of a random sample; each element of the population has an equal chance of been selected
subtype: #stratified_sampling__representative_sampling__proportional_sampling the population is divided into subpopulations (strata) and random samples are taken of each stratum
subtype: #decision__determination__conclusion the act of making up your mind about something; "the burden of decision was his"; "he drew his conclusions quickly"
subtype: #appointment__assignment__designation__naming the act of putting a person into a non-elective position; "the appointment had to be approved by the whole committee"
subtype: #nomination the act of naming a candidate
subtype: #co-option__co-optation the act of appointing summarily (with or without the appointee's consent)
subtype: #delegacy the appointment of a delegate
subtype: #ordination__ordinance the act of ordaining; "the priest's family was present for his ordination"
subtype: #laying_on_of_hands laying hands on a person's head to invoke spiritual blessing in Christian ordination
subtype: #call.decision (sports) the decision made by an umpire or referee; "he was ejected for protesting the call"
subtype: #move.decision the act of deciding to do something; "he didn't make a move to help"; "his first move was to hire a lawyer"
subtype: #demarche a move or step or maneuver in political or diplomatic affairs
subtype: #tactical_maneuver__maneuver__manoeuvre__tactical_manoeuvre a move made to gain a tactical end
subtype: #parking.maneuver the act of maneuvering a vehicle into a location where it can be left temporarily
subtype: #gimmick__twist any clever (deceptive) maneuver; "he would stoop to any device to win a point"
subtype: #fast_one__trick a cunning or deceitful action or device; "he played a trick on me"; "he pulled a fast one and got away with it"
subtype: #feint any distracting maneuver (as a mock attack)
subtype: #ploy__gambit__stratagem a maneuver in a game or conversation
subtype: #ruse__artifice a deceptive maneuver (especially to avoid capture)
subtype: #measure.tactical_maneuver__step any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal; "the situation called for strong measures"; "the police took steps to reduce crime"
subtype: #countermeasure an action taken to offset another action
subtype: #countermine (military) a tunnel dug to defeat similar activities by the enemy
subtype: #shark_repellent__sharkrepellent__porcupine_provision__porcupineprovision a measure undertaken by a corporation to discourage unwanted takeover attempts
subtype: #golden_parachute giving top executives lucrative benefits that must be paid by the acquirer if they are discharged after a takeover
subtype: #greenmail paying the raider to give up a takeover attempt (as by an extravagant buyback of the stock they hold in your corporation)
subtype: #pac-man_strategy__pacmanstrategy the target company defends itself by threatening to take over its acquirer
subtype: #poison_pill the target company defends itself by making its stock less attractive to an acquirer
subtype: #suicide_pill__suicidepill a poison pill with potentially catastrophic implications for the company it is intended to protect
subtype: #safe_harbor the target company defends itself by acquiring a company so onerously regulated that it makes the target less attractive (gives it a safe harbor)
subtype: #scorched-earth_policy the target company defends itself by selling off its crown jewels
subtype: #safeguard__precaution a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.
subtype: #security_measures__security measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc.; "military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising"
subtype: #casting_lots__drawing_lots__sortition making a chance decision by using lots (straws or pebbles etc.) that are thrown or drawn
subtype: #resolution.action a decision to do something or to behave in a certain manner; "he always wrote down his New Year's resolutions"
subtype: #willing__volition the act of making a choice; "followed my father of my own volition"
subtype: #intention an act of intending; a volition that you intend to carry out; "my intention changed once I saw her"
subtype: #election.choice the act of selecting someone; "many candidates ran for election"
subtype: #co-optation__co-option the selection of a new member (usually by a vote of the existing membership)
subtype: #voting__vote__ballot__balloting a choice that is made by voting; "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion"
subtype: #block_vote__blockvote a vote proportional in magnitude to the number of people that a delegate represents
subtype: #secret_ballot a vote in which each person's choice is secret by the totaled votes are public
subtype: #split_ticket__splitticket a ballot cast by a voter who votes for candidates from more than one party
subtype: #straight_ticket a ballot cast by a voter who votes for all the candidates of one party
subtype: #multiple_voting voting in more than one place by the same person at the same election (illegal in U.S.)
subtype: #casting_vote__castingvote the deciding vote cast by the presiding officer to resolve a tie
subtype: #veto a vote that blocks a decision
subtype: #pocket_veto indirect veto of legislation by refusing to sign it
subtype: #change the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"
subtype: #volte-face__volteface__about-face__aboutface__policy_change a reversal in attitude or principle or point of view: "an about-face on foreign policy"
subtype: #undoing an act that makes a previous act of no effect (as if not done)
subtype: #relocation__move the act of changing your residence or place of business; "they say that three moves equal one fire"
subtype: #flit (British) a secret move (to avoid paying debts); "they did a moonlight flit"
subtype: #filtration the act of changing a fluid by passing it through a filter
subtype: #percolation the filtration of a liquid for extraction or purification
subtype: #reduction__simplification the act of reducing complexity
subtype: #decimalization__decimalisation the act of changing to a decimal system; "the decimalization of British currency"
subtype: #metrification__metrication the act of changing from imperial units of measurement to metric units: meters, grams, seconds
subtype: #turning act of changing in practice or custom: "the law took many turnings over the years"
subtype: #diversification__variegation the act of diversifying (introducing variety); "my broker recommended a greater diversification of my investments"
subtype: #flux in constant change: "his opinions are in flux"
subtype: #switching__switch__shift the act of changing one thing or position for another; "his switch on abortion cost him the election"
subtype: #switcheroo a sudden unexpected switch
subtype: #substitution__exchange the act of putting one one thing or person in the place of another: "he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help
subtype: #commutation the substitution of one method of payment for another
subtype: #replacing__replacement the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another; "replacing the star will not be easy"
subtype: #novation (law) the replacement of one obligation by another by mutual agreement of both parties; usually the replacement of one of the original parties to a contract with the consent of the remaining party
subtype: #pitching_change replacing a pitcher in baseball
subtype: #supersedure__supersession act of replacing one person or thing by another especially one held to be superior
subtype: #supplanting__displacement act of taking the place of another especially using underhanded tactics
subtype: #subrogation (law) the act of substituting of one creditor for another
subtype: #weaning__ablactation the act of substituting other food for the mother's milk in the diet of a child or young mammal
subtype: #promotion act of raising in rank or position
subtype: #ennoblement the act of raising someone to the nobility
subtype: #preferment__recognition the act of preferring; "the preferment went to the younger candidate"
subtype: #demotion act of lowering in rank or position
subtype: #change_of_state the act of changing something into something different in essential characteristics
subtype: #aeration the act of charging a liquid with a gas making it effervescent
subtype: #passage__transition the act of passing from one state or place to the next
subtype: #fossilization__fossilisation becoming inflexible or out of date
subtype: #meddling__tampering the act of altering something secretly or improperly
subtype: #transfer__transference the act of transfering something from one form to another; "the transfer of the music from record to tape suppressed much of the background noise"
subtype: #termination__ending__conclusion the act of ending something; "the termination of the agreement"
subtype: #demonetization__demonetisation ending something (e.g. gold or silver) as no longer the legal tender of a country
subtype: #tone_ending__release (music) the act or manner of terminating a musical phrase or tone
subtype: #plosion the terminal forced release of pressure built up during the occlusive phase of a stop consonant
subtype: #windup__completion__culmination__mop_up__mopup a concluding action
subtype: #finish.windup__finishing the act of finishing; "his best finish in a major tournament was third"; "the speaker's finishing was greeted with applause"
subtype: #finale__close__closing_curtain__closingcurtain__finis__fini the concluding part of any performance
subtype: #finalization__finalisation the act of finalizing
subtype: #follow-through carrying something to full completion; "I appreciated his follow-through on his promise"
subtype: #graduation the successful completion of a program of study
subtype: #retirement withdrawal from your position or occupation
subtype: #hibernation the act of retiring into inactivity; "he emerged from his hibernation to make his first appearance in several years"
subtype: #rustication.retirement the action of retiring to and living in the country
subtype: #relinquishment__relinquishing the act of relinquishing
subtype: #cession__ceding the act of ceding
subtype: #ceding_back__recession the act of ceding back
subtype: #handover act of relinquishing property or authority etc: "the handover of occupied territory"
subtype: #waiver__release a formal written statement of relinquishment
subtype: #granting_immunity__exemption__immunity an act exempting someone; "he was granted immunity from prosecution"
subtype: #fix an exemption granted after influence (e.g., money) is brought to bear; "collusion resulted in tax fixes for gamblers"
subtype: #dissolution__breakup the termination of a relationship
subtype: #annulment__invalidation a formal termination (of a relationship or a judicial proceeding etc)
subtype: #dissolution_of_marriage an annulment of a marriage
subtype: #overthrow the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)
subtype: #subversive_activity__subversion the act of subverting; as overthrowing or destroying a legally constituted government
subtype: #adjournment.termination__dissolution the termination of a meeting
subtype: #dismission__dismissal__discharge__firing__liberation__release__sacking the termination of someone's employment (leaving them free to depart)
subtype: #conge an abrupt and unceremonious dismissal
subtype: #removal.dismission dismissal from office
subtype: #deactivation__inactivation breaking up a military unit (by transfers or discharges)
subtype: #dishonorable_discharge a discharge from the US Army for a grave offense (as sabotage or espionage or cowardice or murder)
subtype: #Section_Eight a discharge from the US Army based on unfitness or character traits deemed undesirable
subtype: #destruction__devastation termination by an act of destruction
subtype: #disaster an act that has disastrous consequences
subtype: #kill the destruction of an enemy plane or ship or tank or missile; "the pilot reported two kills during the mission"
subtype: #laying_waste__ruin__ruining__ruination__wrecking destruction achieved by wrecking something
subtype: #razing__leveling__tearing_down__tearingdown__demolishing complete destruction of a building
subtype: #obliteration__annihilation destruction by annihilating something
subtype: #atomization__atomisation annihilation by reducing something to atoms
subtype: #pulverization__pulverisation annihilation by pulverizing something
subtype: #vaporization__vaporisation annihilation by vaporizing something
subtype: #decimation destroying or killing a great proportion of the population (literally every tenth person)
subtype: #self-destruction the act of destroying yourself; "his insistence was pure self-destruction"
subtype: #sabotage a deliberate act of destruction or disruption in which equipment is damaged
subtype: #extermination__liquidation the act of exterminating
subtype: #holocaust an act of great destruction and loss of life
subtype: #demolition the act of demolishing
subtype: #vandalism__hooliganism__malicious_mischief__maliciousmischief willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others
subtype: #killing__putting_to_death the act of terminating a life
subtype: #deathblow__coupdegrace the blow that kills (usually mercifully)
subtype: #death.killing the act of killing; "he had two deaths on his conscience"
subtype: #euthanasia__mercy_killing__mercykilling the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness)
subtype: #manslaughter unlawful killing of a human being without malice
subtype: #chance-medley unpremeditated killing of a human being in self defense
subtype: #murder__homicide__slaying unlawful premeditated killing of a human being
subtype: #bloodshed__blood__gore the shedding of blood resulting in murder; "he avenged the blood of his kinsmen"
subtype: #parricide murder of your own parents
subtype: #matricide murder of your mother
subtype: #patricide murder of your father
subtype: #elimination.murder__liquidation the murder of a competitor
subtype: #carnage__slaughter__butchery the savage and excessive killing of people
subtype: #bloodbath__bloodletting__bloodshed__battue indiscriminate slaughter
subtype: #assassination murder of a public figure by surprise attack
subtype: #dry-gulching__drygulching the act of killing from ambush
subtype: #fratricide the act of murdering your own brother or sister
subtype: #hit.murder a murder carried out by an underworld syndicate; "it has all the earmarks of a Mafia hit"
subtype: #infanticide murdering an infant
subtype: #shoot-down__shootdown murder by shooting someone down in cold blood
subtype: #tyrannicide killing a tyrant
subtype: #thuggee murder and robbery by thugs
subtype: #dispatch__despatch the murder or execution of someone
subtype: #fell the act of felling something (as a tree)
subtype: #immolation killing as a sacrificial act
subtype: #self-annihilation__suicide__self-destruction the act of killing yourself
subtype: #assisted_suicide suicide of a terminally ill person that involves an assistant who serves to make dying as painless and dignified as possible
subtype: #felo-de-se an act of deliberate self destruction
subtype: #harakiri__hara-kiri__harikari (Japan) ritual suicide by self-disembowelment on a sword; practiced by warriors in the traditional Japanese society
subtype: #suttee the act of a Hindu widow willingly cremating herself on the funeral pyre of her dead husband
subtype: #slaughter the killing of animals (as for food)
subtype: #lynching putting to death by mob action without due process of law
subtype: #poisoning killing by the administration of poison
subtype: #gassing the deliberate act of poisoning someone with gas
subtype: #regicide the act of killing a king
subtype: #shooting killing by gunfire; "when the shooting stopped there were three dead bodies"
subtype: #drive-by_shooting shooting someone from a car as it is driven past the victim
subtype: #wing_shooting shooting game birds that are flying (on the wing)
subtype: #suffocation__asphyxiation killing by depriving of oxygen
subtype: #strangling__choking__strangulation__throttling the act of suffocating by constricting the windpipe; "no evidence that the choking was done by the accused"
subtype: #ritual_killing__sacrifice the act of killing (an animal or person) in order to propitiate a deity
subtype: #hecatomb a great sacrifice; an ancient Greek or Roman sacrifice of 100 oxen
subtype: #immolation.ritual_killing to kill as a sacrifice by fire
subtype: #electrocution killing by electric shock
subtype: #decapitation__beheading killing by cutting off the head
subtype: #genocide__race_murder__racial_extermination systematic killing of a racial or cultural group
subtype: #Holocaust__final_solution__finalsolution the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler
subtype: #massacre__mass_murder the wanton killing of many people
instance: #Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn__Little_Bighorn__Battle_of_Little_Bighorn__Custer's_Last_Stand a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between General Custer's cavalry and several groups of Native Americans (1876); Custer was pursuing Sioux led by Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (which were supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command
instance: #Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn__Little_Bighorn__Battle_of_Little_Bighorn__Custer's_Last_Stand
subtype: #abolition__abolishment the act of abolishing
subtype: #liquidation__settlement terminating a business operation
subtype: #viaticus_settlement__viatical_settlement sale of an insurance policy by a terminally ill policy holder
subtype: #drug_withdrawal__withdrawal the termination of drug taking
subtype: #cold_turkey complete and abrupt withdrawal of all addictive drugs on which you have become dependent
subtype: #closedown__closure__shutdown termination of operations
subtype: #plant_closing__plantclosing act of shutting down operation of a plant
subtype: #bank_closing act of closing down a bank because of a fiscal emergency or failure
subtype: #layoff the act of laying off an employee or a work force
subtype: #extinguishing__extinction__quenching the act of extinguishing; causing to stop burning; "the extinction of the lights"
subtype: #fade__disappearance gradually ceasing to be visible
subtype: #abortion termination of pregnancy
subtype: #spontaneous_abortion__spontaneousabortion__miscarriage__stillbirth a natural loss of the products of conception
subtype: #habitual_abortion repeated spontaneous abortion (often for no known reason)
subtype: #imminent_abortion__threatened_abortion the appearance of symptoms that signal the impending loss of the products of conception
subtype: #incomplete_abortion__partial_abortion__partialabortion termination of pregnancy without expulsion of all of the products of conception
subtype: #induced_abortion__inducedabortion a deliberate termination of pregnancy
subtype: #aborticide__feticide the act of destroying a fetus
subtype: #therapeutic_abortion__therapeuticabortion a legally induced abortion for medical reasons (as when the mother's life is threatened)
subtype: #suction_curettage__suctioncurettage__vacuum_aspiration a method of induced abortion; prior to the 14th week of gestation the embryo and placenta are removed by applying suction to the dilated cervix
subtype: #defusing__deactivation the act of deactivating or making ineffective (as a bomb)
subtype: #discontinuance__discontinuation the act of discontinuing
subtype: #disfranchisement the discontinuation of a franchise; especially the discontinuation of the right to vote
subtype: #disinheritance the act by a donor that terminates the right of a person to inherit
subtype: #dismount the act of dismounting (a horse or bike etc.)
subtype: #nullification__override the act of nullifying; making null and void; counteracting or overriding the effect or force of something
subtype: #cancellation the act of cancelling; calling off some arrangement
subtype: #abrogation__repeal__annulment an official or legal cancellation
subtype: #vacation the act of making something legally void
subtype: #recall the act of removing an official by petition
subtype: #revocation the act (by someone having the authority) of annulling something previously done; "the revocation of a law"
subtype: #write-off__writeoff the act of cancelling a debt as uncollectible
subtype: #attainder__civil_death__civildeath cancellation of civil rights
subtype: #recission__rescission the act of rescinding; (law) the cancellation of a contract and the return of the parties to the positions they would have had if the contract had not been made; recission may be brought about by decree or by mutual consent
subtype: #vitiation nullification by the destruction of the legal force; rendering null; "the vitiation of the contract"
subtype: #counteraction__neutralization__neutralisation action intended to nullify the effects of some previous action
subtype: #neutralization__neutralisation action intended to keep a country politically neutral or exclude it from a possible war; "the neutralization of Belgium"
subtype: #reversal a change from one state to the opposite state; "there was a reversal of autonomic function"
subtype: #regress__regres__reversion__retrogression__retroversion returning to a former state
subtype: #commencement__beginning__start the act of starting something; "he was responsible for the beginning of negotiations"
subtype: #rise_to_power__accession the act of attaining a new office or right
subtype: #activation making active and effective (as a bomb)
subtype: #tone-beginning__attack a decisive manner of beginning a musical tone or phrase
subtype: #constitution__establishment__formation__organization__organisation the act of forming something; "the constitution of a PTA group"; "he still remembers the establishment of the hospital"
subtype: #unionization__unionisation act of forming labor unions
subtype: #colonization__colonisation__settlement the act of colonizing
subtype: #populating__population the act of populating (causing to live in a place); "he deplored the population of colonies with convicted criminals"
subtype: #Creation (theology) God's act of bringing the universe into existence
subtype: #debut__introduction__first_appearance__firstappearance__launching__unveiling__entry the act of beginning something new; "they looked forward to the debut of their new product line"
subtype: #induction the act of bringing about something (especially at an early time); "the induction of an anesthetic state"
subtype: #induction_of_labor (obstetrics) inducing the childbirth process artificially by administering oxytocin or by puncturing the amniotic sac
subtype: #hypnogenesis the induction of sleep or hypnosis
subtype: #product_introduction__productintroduction the introduction (usually by an advertising campaign) of a new product or product line
subtype: #ushering_in the introduction of something new; "it signalled the ushering in of a new era"
subtype: #face-off (ice hockey) the method of starting play; a referee drops the puck between two opposing players
subtype: #first_step__firststep__initiative__opening_move__openingmove__opening the first of a series of actions; "he memorized all the important chess openings"
subtype: #curtain_raiser__curtainraiser any preliminary activity
subtype: #first_base__firstbase the initial stage in accomplishing something; "we didn't get to first base with that approach"
subtype: #peace_initiative__peaceinitiative opening move in negotiating a peace treaty
subtype: #groundbreaking_ceremony__groundbreaking the ceremonial breaking of the ground to formally begin a construction project
subtype: #housing_start__housingstart the act of starting to construct a house
subtype: #icebreaker a beginning that relaxes a tense or formal atmosphere; "he told jokes as an icebreaker"
subtype: #inauguration__startup the act of starting a new operation or practice; "he opposed the inauguration of fluoridation"; "the startup of the new factory was delayed by strikes"
subtype: #founding__initiation__foundation__institution__origination__creation__instauration starting something for the first time
subtype: #installing__installation__installment the act of installing something (as equipment); "the telephone installation took only a few minutes"
subtype: #jump_ball (basketball) the way play begins or resumes when possession is disputed; an official tosses the ball up between two players who jump in an effort to tap it to a teammate
subtype: #tap-off__tapoff__tip-off__tipoff the act of starting a basketball game with a jump ball
subtype: #kickoff a kick from the center of the field to start a football game or to resume it after a score
subtype: #resumption__recommencement beginning again
subtype: #scrum__scrummage (rugby football) the method of beginning play in which the forwards of each team crouch side by side with locked arms; play starts when the ball thrown in between them and the two sides compete for possession
subtype: #startup the act of setting in operation; "repeated shutdowns and startups are expensive"
subtype: #rousing__arousal the act of arousing; "the purpose of art is the arousal of emotions"
subtype: #awakening__wakening__waking_up the act of waking; "it was an early awakening"; "it was the waking up he hated most"
subtype: #reveille a signal to get up in the morning; in the military it is a bugle call at sunrise
subtype: #excitation__excitement something that excites; "he looked forward to the excitements of the day"
subtype: #thrill something that thrills; "the thrills of space travel"
subtype: #incitation__incitement an act of inciting
subtype: #inflaming__inflammation arousal to violent emotion
subtype: #inspiration__stirring arousing to a particular emotion or action
subtype: #stimulation the act of stimulating
subtype: #titillation an agreeable arousal
subtype: #cooking__cookery the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat
subtype: #baking.cooking cooking by dry heat in an oven
subtype: #shirring baking shelled eggs
subtype: #toasting__browning cooking to a brown crispiness over a fire or on a grill; "proper toasting should brown both sides of a piece of bread"
subtype: #broil__broiling__grilling cooking by direct exposure to radiant heat (as over a fire or under a grill)
subtype: #frying__sauteing cooking in fat or oil in a pan or griddle
subtype: #braising cooking slowly in fat in a closed pot with little moisture
subtype: #poaching cooking in simmering liquid
subtype: #roasting cooking (meat) by dry heat in an oven (usually with fat added); "the slow roasting took several hours"
subtype: #barbecuing roasting a large piece of meat on a revolving spit out of doors over an open fire
subtype: #simmering__boiling__stewing cooking in a boiling liquid
subtype: #decoction (pharmacology) the extraction by boiling of water-soluble drug substances
subtype: #percolation.cooking the act of making coffee in a percolator
subtype: #cookery__cuisine__culinary_art the practice or manner of preparing food or the food so prepared
subtype: #dim_sum__dimsum traditional Chinese cuisine; a variety of foods (including several kinds of steamed or fried dumplings) are served successively in small portions
subtype: #nouvelle_cuisine a school of French cooking that uses light sauces and tries to bring out the natural flavors of foods instead of making heavy use of butter and cream
subtype: #rechauffe warmed leftovers
subtype: #gastronomy a particular style of cookery (as of a region)
subtype: #seasoning the act of adding a seasoning to food
subtype: #salting the act of adding salt to food
subtype: #sweetening the act of adding a sweetener to food
subtype: #infusion the act of infusing or introducing a certain modifying element or quality; "the team's continued success is attributable to a steady infusion of new talent"
subtype: #improvement the act of improving something: "their improvements increased the value of the property"
subtype: #tenderization__tenderisation the act of making meat tender by pounding or marinating it
subtype: #development act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining; "he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency"; "they funded research and development"
subtype: #progress__advancement gradual improvement or growth or development: "advancement of knowledge"; "great progress in the arts"; "their research and development gave them an advantage"
subtype: #furtherance__forwarding__promotion the advancement of some enterprise; "his experience in marketing resulted in the forwarding of his career"
subtype: #stride significant progress (especially in the phrase "make strides" or "make rapid strides")
subtype: #workflow progress (or rate of progress) in work being done
subtype: #broadening the action of making broader; "the broadening of travel"
subtype: #working_out__workingout__elaboration developing in intricate and painstaking detail
subtype: #product_development__productdevelopment improving an existing product or developing new kinds of products
subtype: #cleaning__cleansing__cleanup the act of making something clean; "he gave his shoes a good cleaning"
subtype: #disinfestation the activity of getting rid of vermin
subtype: #spring-cleaning the activity of cleaning a house thoroughly at the end of winter
subtype: #scrubbing__scrub__scouring the act of cleaning a surface by rubbing it with a brush and soap and water
subtype: #swabbing__mopping cleaning with a mop; "he gave it a good mopping"
subtype: #dry_cleaning__drycleaning the act of cleaning (fabrics) with a solvent other than water
subtype: #sweeping the act of cleaning with a broom
subtype: #purge__purging__purgation an act of removing by cleansing; ridding of sediment or other other undesired elements
subtype: #abreaction__catharsis__catharsi__katharsis__katharsi (psychoanalysis) purging of emotional tensions
subtype: #catharsis__catharsi__katharsis__katharsi purging the body by the use of a cathartic to stimulate evacuation of the bowels
subtype: #colonic_irrigation__colonicirrigation__colonic__high_colonic irrigation of the colon for cleansing purposes by injecting large amounts of fluid high into the colon
subtype: #purification cleaning by getting rid of impurities
subtype: #sterilization__sterilisation the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria of other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means)
subtype: #pasteurization__pasteurisation partial sterilization of foods at a temperature that destroys harmful microorganisms without major changes in the chemistry of the food
subtype: #sanitization__sanitation__sanitisation making something sanitary (free of germs) as by sterilizing
subtype: #depilation__epilation the act of removing hair (as from an animal skin)
subtype: #shave__shaving the act of removing hair with a razor
subtype: #tonsure shaving the crown of the head by priests or members of a monastic order
subtype: #electrolysis removing superfluous or unwanted hair by passing an electric current through the hair root
subtype: #ablution__washup__bathing the act of washing yourself (or another person)
subtype: #shower_bath__shower washing yourself in a shower; you stand upright under water sprayed from a nozzle; "he took a shower after the game"
subtype: #bath you soak your body in a bathtub; "he has a good bath every morning"
subtype: #bubble_bath a bath in which you add something to foam and scent the bath water
subtype: #mud_bath__mudbath a bath in warm mud (as for treating rheumatism)
subtype: #sponge_bath you wash your body with a sponge or washcloth instead of in a bathtub
subtype: #steam_bath__steambath__Turkish_bath__vapor_bath__vaporbath__vapour_bath you sweat in a steam room before getting a rubdown and cold shower
subtype: #rectification__correction the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake
subtype: #redress__redres__remediation act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil
subtype: #salve anything that remedies or heals or soothes; "he needed a salve for his conscience"
subtype: #retribution the act of correcting for your wrongdoing
subtype: #recompense__compensation the act of compensating for loss or injury
subtype: #amends__reparation compensation (given or received) for an injury or insult; "an act for which there is no reparation"; "how can I make amends?"
subtype: #amendment the act of amending
subtype: #emendation a correction by emending; a correction resulting from critical editing
subtype: #optimization__optimisation the act of rendering optimal; "the simultaneous optimization of growth and profitability"; "in an optimization problem we seek values of the variables that lead to an optimal value of the function that is to be optimized"; "to promote the optimization and diversification of agricultural products"
subtype: #perfection the act of making something perfect
subtype: #reform a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses; "justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts"
subtype: #land_reform a redistribution of agricultural land (especially by government action)
subtype: #amelioration__melioration__betterment the act of relieving ills and changing for the better
subtype: #self-improvement__self-reformation the act of improving yourself
subtype: #reform.self-improvement self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice; "the family rejoiced in the drunkard's reform"
subtype: #clarification__clearing the act of removing solid particles from a liquid
subtype: #enrichment act of making fuller or more meaningful or rewarding
subtype: #fertilization__fertilisation__fecundation__dressing making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure
subtype: #top_dressing__topdressing a layer of fertilizer or manure not plowed in
subtype: #humanization__humanisation the act of making more humane
subtype: #modernization__modernisation making modern in appearance of behavior; "the modernization of Nigeria will be a long process"
subtype: #redevelopment__renovation the act of renovating
subtype: #face_lift__face_lifting a renovation that improves the outward appearance (as of a building)
subtype: #enhancement__sweetening an improvement that makes something more agreeable
subtype: #upturn an upward movement or trend as in business activity
subtype: #ventilation the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air
subtype: #repair__fixing__fix__mending the act of putting something in working order again
subtype: #darning the act of mending a hole in a garment with crossing threads
subtype: #patching the act of mending a hole in a garment by sewing a patch over it
subtype: #upkeep__care__maintenance activity involved in maintaining something in good working order; "he wrote the manual on car care"
subtype: #camera_care keeping a camera in good working order
subtype: #car_care__carcare keeping a car in good working order
subtype: #oil_change__oilchange replacing dirty oil with clean
subtype: #overhaul__inspection_and_repair__service periodic maintenance on a car or machine; "it was time for an overhaul on the tractor"
subtype: #interim_overhaul__interimoverhaul an overhaul between the regular times for overhauling
subtype: #pump_priming introducing water into a pump to improve the seal and start the water flowing
subtype: #scheduled_maintenance__scheduledmaintenance maintenance at a regularly scheduled time
subtype: #steam_fitting__steamfitting care (installation and maintenance) of equipment for ventilating or heating or refrigerating
subtype: #band_aid__quick_fix__quickfix__quickie__quicky hurried repair
subtype: #restoration the act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state
subtype: #gentrification the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)
subtype: #reclamation__rehabilitation the conversion of waste land into land suitable for use of habitation or cultivation
subtype: #reforestation__reafforestation the restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or cutting
subtype: #urban_renewal__urbanrenewal the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums
subtype: #rehabilitation the restoration of someone to a useful place in society
subtype: #correctional_rehabilitation providing penal custody or probation or parole for convicted offenders
subtype: #physical_rehabilitation__physical_restoration__therapeutic_rehabilitation__therapeuticrehabilitation providing help for disabled persons; the removal or reduction of disabilities
subtype: #vocational_rehabilitation providing training in a specific trade with the aim of gaining employment
subtype: #reinstatement the act of restoring someone to a previous position; "we insisted on the reinstatement of the colonel"
subtype: #rejuvenation the act of restoring to a more youthful condition
subtype: #refreshment act of refreshing or renewing strength or liveliness
subtype: #reconstruction the activity of constructing something again
subtype: #reassembly__refabrication__reformation assembling again
subtype: #rebuilding building again
subtype: #restitution the act of restoring something to its original state
subtype: #beautification the act of making something more beautiful
subtype: #glamorization__glamorisation__glamourization__glamourisation the act of glamorizing; making something or someone more beautiful (often in a superficial way)
subtype: #decoration the act of decorating something (in the hope of making it more attractive)
subtype: #adornment.decoration the action of decorating yourself with something colorful and interesting
subtype: #ornamentation__embellishment the act of adding extraneous decorations to something
subtype: #window_dressing the decoration of shop windows
subtype: #trimming the act of adding decoration; "the children had to be in bed before it was time for the trimming of the tree"
subtype: #tessellation adorning with mosaic
subtype: #figuration decorating with a design
subtype: #tattoo the practice of making a design on the skin by pricking and staining
subtype: #titivation__tittivation sprucing up; making decorative additions to
subtype: #marking the act of making a visible mark on a surface
subtype: #lineation the act of marking or outlining with lines
subtype: #mottling the act of coloring with areas of different shades
subtype: #striping the act of marking with stripes
subtype: #worsening changing something with the result that it becomes worse
subtype: #downturn__downswing a worsening of business or economic activity; "the market took a downturn"
subtype: #downspin a swift and dangerous downturn
subtype: #debasement__degradation changing to a lower state (a less respected state)
subtype: #dehumanization__dehumanisation the act of degrading people with respect to their best qualities; "science has been blamed for the dehumanization of modern life"
subtype: #brutalization__brutalisation__animalization__animalisation an act that makes people cruel or lacking normal human qualities
subtype: #barbarization__barbarisation an act that makes people primitive and uncivilized
subtype: #bastardization__bastardisation an act that debases or corrupts
subtype: #subversion__corruption destroying someone's (or some group's) honesty or loyalty; undermining moral integrity; "corruption of a minor"; "the big city's subversion of rural innocence"
subtype: #demoralization__demoralisation destroying the moral basis for a doctrine or policy
subtype: #stultification__impairment__deadening the act of making something futile and useless (as by routine)
subtype: #vulgarization__popularization__popularisation__vulgarisation the act of making something attractive to the general public
subtype: #abasement__humiliation depriving one of self-esteem
subtype: #comedown decline to a lower status or level
subtype: #change_of_color an act that change the light that something reflects
subtype: #whitening__lightening changing to a lighter color
subtype: #bleach the act of whitening something by bleaching it (exposing it to sunlight or using a chemical bleaching agent)
subtype: #blackening__darkening changing to a darker color
subtype: #discoloration__discolouration the act of discoloring something
subtype: #coloring__colouring the act of of process of changing the color of something
subtype: #tinting the act of adding a tinge of color; "the hairdresser gave her hair a modest tinting"
subtype: #hair_coloring the act of dyeing or tinting one's hair
subtype: #rinse.hair_coloring the act of giving a light tint to the hair
subtype: #dyeing the use of dye to change the color of something permanently
subtype: #staining (histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study
subtype: #Gram's_method__Gram_method__Gram's_procedure__Gram's_stain a staining technique used to classify bacteria; those that retain the gentian violet are gram-positive and those that do not retain it are gram-negative
subtype: #soiling__soilure__dirtying the act of soiling something
subtype: #spotting__staining__maculation the act of spotting or staining something
subtype: #contamination__pollution the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors
subtype: #dust_contamination the act of contaminating with dust particles
subtype: #wetting the act of making something wet
subtype: #dousing__ducking__immersion the act of submerging something
subtype: #drenching__soaking__souse__sousing the act of making something completely wet; "he gave it a good drenching"
subtype: #moistening__dampening the act of making something slightly wet
subtype: #basting moistening a roast as it is cooking
subtype: #splash__splashing the act of scattering water about haphazardly
subtype: #watering wetting with water; "the lawn needs a great deal of watering"
subtype: #sprinkle__sprinkling watering with a sprinkler
subtype: #chewing__chew__mastication biting and grinding food in your mouth so it becomes soft enough to swallow
subtype: #chomping the act of chewing noisily
subtype: #gumming__mumbling ineffectual chewing (as if without teeth)
subtype: #defoliation causing the leaves of trees and other plants to fall off (as by the use of chemicals)
subtype: #specialization__specialisation the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose
subtype: #spiritualization__spiritualisation the act of making something spiritual; infusing it with spiritual content
subtype: #alteration__modification__adjustment the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)
subtype: #loosening the act of making something less tight
subtype: #untying__undoing__unfastening loosening the ties that fasten something; "the tying of bow ties is an art; the untying is easy"
subtype: #tightening the act of making something tighter; "the tightening of economic controls"
subtype: #take-up the action of taking up as by tightening or absorption or reeling in
subtype: #accommodation (physiology) the automatic adjustment in focal length of the lens of the eye
subtype: #readjustment the act of adjusting again (to changed circumstances)
subtype: #domestication accommodation to domestic life; "her explorer husband resisted all her attempts at domestication"
subtype: #habituation a general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions
subtype: #adaptation (physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light)
subtype: #dark_adaptation the process of adjusting the eyes to low levels of illumination; cones adapt first; rods continue to adapt for up to four hours
subtype: #light_adaptation__lightadaptation the process of adjusting the eyes to relatively high levels of illumination; the pupil constricts and the cones system is operative
subtype: #qualification the act of modification or changing the strength of some idea; "his new position involves a qualification of his party's platform"
subtype: #human_motion__humanmotion__motion__movement__move the act of changing your location from one place to another; "police controlled the motion of the crowd"; "the movement of people from the farms to the cities"; "his move put him directly in my path"
subtype: #approach__approaching__coming the act of drawing spatially closer to something; "the hunter's approach scattered the geese"
subtype: #access the act of approaching or entering; "he gained access to the building"
subtype: #back_door a secret or underhand means of access (to a place or a position); "he got his job through the back door"
subtype: #closing approaching a particular destination; a coming closer; a narrowing of a gap; "the ship's rapid rate of closing gave them little time to avoid a collision"
subtype: #landing_approach__landingapproach the approach to a landing field by an airplane
subtype: #overshoot__wave-off__go-around an approach that fails and gives way to another attempt
subtype: #run-up__runup the approach run during which an athlete gathers speed
subtype: #forward_motion__forwardmotion__progress__progression__advancement__onwardmotion the act of moving forward toward a goal
subtype: #push an effort to advance; "the army made a push toward the sea"
subtype: #life_history__career the general progression of your working or professional life; "the general had had a distinguished career"; "he had a long career in the law"
subtype: #march a steady advance; "the march of science"; "the march of time"
subtype: #plain_sailing__plainsailing__clear_sailing__clearsailing__easy_going easy unobstructed progress: "after we solved that problem the rest was plain sailing"
subtype: #leapfrog advancing as if in the game of leapfrog
subtype: #locomotion__travel self-propelled movement
subtype: #brachiation swinging by the arms from branch to branch
subtype: #walking__walk the act of traveling by foot; "walking is a healthy form of exercise"
subtype: #ambulation walking about; "the hospital encouraged early ambulation"
subtype: #sleepwalking__somnambulism__somnambulation__noctambulism__noctambulation walking by a person who is asleep
subtype: #gait a person's manner of walking
subtype: #hobble__hitch__limp the uneven manner of walking that results from an injured leg
subtype: #flounce the act of walking with exaggerated jerky motions
subtype: #stumble__lurch__stagger an unsteady uneven gait
subtype: #pacing walking with slow regular strides
subtype: #roll.gait walking with a rolling gait
subtype: #saunter a careless leisurely gait; "he walked with a kind of saunter as if he hadn't a care in the world"
subtype: #skip a gait in which steps and hops alternate
subtype: #angry_walk__angrywalk__stalk a stiff or threatening gait
subtype: #prance__strut__swagger a proud stiff pompous gait
subtype: #waddle walking with a waddling gait; walking with short steps and the weight shifting from one foot to the other
subtype: #marching__march the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind); "it was a long march"; "we heard the sound of marching"
subtype: #goose_step__goosestep a manner of marching with legs straight and swinging high
subtype: #promenade a march of all the guests at the opening of a formal dance
subtype: #quick_march__quickmarch marching at quick time
subtype: #routemarch a long training march for troops
subtype: #plodding the act of walking with a slow heavy gait
subtype: #prowl the act of prowling (walking about in a stealthy manner)
subtype: #shamble__shambling__shuffle__shuffling walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet; "from his shambling I assumed he was very old"
subtype: #wading walking with your feet in shallow water
subtype: #step the act of changing location by raising the foot and setting it down; "he walked with unsteady steps"
subtype: #pace__stride__tread a step in walking or running
subtype: #trip.step a light or nimble tread; "he heard the trip of women's feet overhead"
subtype: #sidestep a step to one side (as in boxing or dancing)
subtype: #footstep the act of taking a step in walking
subtype: #gait.locomotion a horse's manner of moving
subtype: #walk.gait a slow gait of a horse in which two feet are always on the ground
subtype: #single-foot__rack a rapid gait of a horse in which each foot strikes the ground separately
subtype: #jog_trot__jogtrot an easy gait of a horse; midway between a walk and a trot
subtype: #trot a gait faster than a walk; diagonally opposite legs strike the ground together
subtype: #rising_trot the rider rises from the saddle every second stride
subtype: #sitting_trot__sittingtrot the rider sits still in the saddle
subtype: #canter__lope an smooth 3-beat gait; between a trot and a gallop
subtype: #gallop a fast gait of a horse; a two-beat stride during which all four legs are off the ground simultaneously
subtype: #running__run the act of running; traveling on foot at a fast pace; "he broke into a run"; "his daily run keeps him fit"
subtype: #sprint__dash a quick run
subtype: #break a sudden dash; "he made a break for the open door"
subtype: #fastbreak (basketball) a rapid dash to get a shot as soon as possible after taking possession of the ball
subtype: #lope__jog__trot a slow pace of running
subtype: #dogtrot a steady trot like that of a dog
subtype: #crawling__crawl__creep__creeping a slow creeping mode of locomotion (on hands and knees or dragging the body); "a crawl was all that the injured man could manage"; "the traffic moved at a creep"
subtype: #lap__circle__circuit movement once around a course; "he drove an extra lap just for insurance"
subtype: #pace_lap (auto racing) the first lap of a car race that prepares the cars for a fast start
subtype: #victory_lap__victorylap__lap_of_honour a lap by the winning person or team run to celebrate the victory
subtype: #dance_step__dancestep__step a sequence of foot movements that make up a particular dance; "he taught them the waltz step"
subtype: #moonwalk.dance_step a kind of dance step in which the dancer seems to be sliding on the spot; "Michael Jackson perfected the moonwalk in the 1980s"
subtype: #chasse__sashay (ballet) quick gliding steps with one foot always leading
subtype: #glissade a gliding or sliding step in ballet
subtype: #stroke.locomotion any one of the repeated movements of the limbs and body used for locomotion in swimming or rowing
subtype: #swimming_stroke a method of moving the arms and legs to push against the water and propel the swimmer forward
subtype: #Australian_crawl__crawl__front_crawl__frontcrawl a swimming stroke; arms are moved alternately overhead accompanied by a flutter kick
subtype: #dog_paddle__dogpaddle an elementary swimming stroke imitating a swimming dog
subtype: #sidestroke a swimming stroke in which the arms move forward and backward while the legs do a scissors kick
subtype: #butterfly_stroke__butterflystroke__butterfly a swimming stroke in which the arms are thrown forward together out of the water while the feet kick up and down
subtype: #breaststroke a swimming stroke; the arms are extended together in front of the head and swept back on either side accompanied by a frog kick
subtype: #backstroke a swimming stroke that resembles the crawl except the swimmer lies on his or her back
subtype: #treading_water a stroke that keeps the head above water by thrashing the legs and arms
subtype: #lunge__lurch the act of moving forward suddenly
subtype: #travel__travelling__traveling the act of going from one place to another; "he enjoyed selling but he hated the travel"
subtype: #walk the act of walking somewhere; "he took a walk after lunch"
subtype: #travel_by_foot travel by foot; "he followed on foot"; "the swiftest of foot"
subtype: #constitutional a regular walk taken as a form of exercise
subtype: #amble__promenade__ramble__saunter__stroll__perambulation a leisurely walk (usually in some public place)
subtype: #walkabout.amble a public stroll by a celebrity to meet people informally
subtype: #hike__tramp a long walk usually for exercise or pleasure
subtype: #trudge a long difficult walk
subtype: #turn.walk taking a short walk out and back; "we took a turn in the park"
subtype: #moonwalk an exploratory walk by an astronaut on the surface of the moon
subtype: #walkabout (Australia) nomadic excursions into the bush made by an Aborigine
subtype: #circumnavigation traveling around something (by ship or plane); "Magellan's circumnavigation of the earth proved that it is a globe"
subtype: #peregrination travel (especially by foot)
subtype: #traversal__traverse travel across
subtype: #wandering__roving__vagabondage travelling about without any clear destination; "she followed him in his wanderings and looked after him"
subtype: #drifting aimless wandering from place to place
subtype: #procession.traveling the action of a body of people proceeding in a regular formation; "processions were forbidden"
subtype: #crossing traveling across
subtype: #fording__ford the act of crossing a stream or river by wading or in a car or on a horse
subtype: #shallow_fording__shallowfording fording at a shallow place
subtype: #deep_fording fording at a deep place in the stream
subtype: #traverse__traversal taking a zigzag path on skis
subtype: #driving the act of controlling and steering the movement of a vehicle or animal
subtype: #motoring the act of driving an automobile
subtype: #horseback_riding__horsebackriding__riding riding a horse as a means of transportation
subtype: #bronco_busting breaking a bronco to saddle
subtype: #endurance_riding__enduranceriding riding for long hours over long distances
subtype: #pack_riding riding with a pack
subtype: #trail_riding__trailriding riding along a roughly blazed path
subtype: #air_travel__airtravel__aviation__air travel via aircraft; "air travel involves too much waiting in airports"; "if you've time to spare go by air"
subtype: #flying__flight an instance of traveling by air; "flying was still an exciting adventure for him"
subtype: #aerobatics__acrobatics__stunting__stunt_flying__stuntflying the performance of stunts while in flight in an aircraft
subtype: #tailspin.aerobatics__spin rapid descent of an aircraft in a steep spiral spin
subtype: #blind_flying__blindflying__blind_landing__blindlanding using only instruments for flying an aircraft because you cannot see through clouds or mists etc.
subtype: #ballooning flying in a balloon
subtype: #flyover__flypast a low-altitude flight (usually of military aircraft) over spectators on the ground
subtype: #gliding__glide__sailplaning__soaring__sailing the activity of flying a glider
subtype: #hang_gliding gliding in a hang glider
subtype: #parasailing gliding in a parasail
subtype: #pass a flight or run by an aircraft over a target; "the plane turned to make a second pass"
subtype: #solo.flying a flight in which the aircraft pilot is unaccompanied
subtype: #sortie an operational flight by a single aircraft (as in a military operation)
subtype: #terrain_flight__terrainflight__low_level_flight__lowlevelflight flight at very low altitudes
subtype: #journey__journeying the act of traveling from one place to another
subtype: #long_haul a journey over a long distance; "it's a long haul from New York to Los Angeles"
subtype: #odyssey a long wandering and eventful journey
subtype: #trip a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); "he took a trip to the shopping center"
subtype: #flight a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports; "I took the noon flight to Chicago"
subtype: #connecting_flight a flight with an intermediate stop and a change of aircraft (possibly a change of airlines)
subtype: #direct_flight a flight with one or more intermediate stops but no change of aircraft
subtype: #domestic_flight a flight that begins and ends in the same country
subtype: qantas#Qantas_domestic_flight Qantas flights within Australia and from/to New-Zealand
instance: qantas#QF2002
instance: qantas#QF2003
instance: qantas#QF2010
instance: qantas#QF2011
instance: qantas#QF2012
instance: qantas#QF2013
instance: qantas#QF2016
instance: qantas#QF2019
instance: qantas#QF2021_1
instance: qantas#QF2021_2
instance: qantas#QF2024_1
instance: qantas#QF2024_2
instance: qantas#QF2025_1
instance: qantas#QF2025_2
instance: qantas#QF2026
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qantas#QF43_1 qantas#QF430_1 qantas#QF430_2 qantas#QF431_1 qantas#QF431_2 qantas#QF432 qantas#QF433_1 qantas#QF433_2 qantas#QF434 qantas#QF435_1 qantas#QF435_2 qantas#QF438 qantas#QF439 qantas#QF44 qantas#QF442_1 qantas#QF442_2 qantas#QF443_1 qantas#QF443_2 qantas#QF444 qantas#QF445 qantas#QF446_1 qantas#QF446_2 qantas#QF447 qantas#QF449_1 qantas#QF449_2 qantas#QF45_1 qantas#QF45_2 qantas#QF450_1 qantas#QF450_2 qantas#QF452 qantas#QF453 qantas#QF454 qantas#QF455_1 qantas#QF455_2 qantas#QF457 qantas#QF458_1 qantas#QF458_2 qantas#QF459 qantas#QF46_1 qantas#QF46_2 qantas#QF46_3 qantas#QF460_1 qantas#QF460_2 qantas#QF461_1 qantas#QF461_2 qantas#QF462 qantas#QF463_1 qantas#QF463_2 qantas#QF464 qantas#QF465 qantas#QF466 qantas#QF467 qantas#QF468 qantas#QF469 qantas#QF47 qantas#QF472 qantas#QF473 qantas#QF474_1 qantas#QF474_2 qantas#QF475_1 qantas#QF475_2 qantas#QF476 qantas#QF477 qantas#QF478_1 qantas#QF478_2 qantas#QF479 qantas#QF48_1 qantas#QF48_2 qantas#QF480 qantas#QF481_1 qantas#QF481_2 qantas#QF482_1 qantas#QF482_2 qantas#QF483_1 qantas#QF483_2 qantas#QF484 qantas#QF485 qantas#QF486_1 qantas#QF486_2 qantas#QF487_1 qantas#QF487_2 qantas#QF488 qantas#QF489 qantas#QF490 qantas#QF491_1 qantas#QF491_2 qantas#QF492_1 qantas#QF492_2 qantas#QF492_3 qantas#QF493_1 qantas#QF493_2 qantas#QF494 qantas#QF495 qantas#QF496 qantas#QF497_1 qantas#QF497_2 qantas#QF498 qantas#QF499_1 qantas#QF499_2 qantas#QF5 qantas#QF50 qantas#QF500 qantas#QF501 qantas#QF502_1 qantas#QF502_2 qantas#QF503 qantas#QF504_1 qantas#QF504_2 qantas#QF505_1 qantas#QF505_2 qantas#QF506_1 qantas#QF506_2 qantas#QF507 qantas#QF508 qantas#QF509_1 qantas#QF509_2 qantas#QF510 qantas#QF511 qantas#QF512_1 qantas#QF512_2 qantas#QF513_1 qantas#QF513_2 qantas#QF514 qantas#QF515_1 qantas#QF515_2 qantas#QF517_1 qantas#QF517_2 qantas#QF519_1 qantas#QF519_2 qantas#QF520 qantas#QF521 qantas#QF522 qantas#QF523_1 qantas#QF523_2 qantas#QF525 qantas#QF528_1 qantas#QF528_2 qantas#QF529 qantas#QF530 qantas#QF531_1 qantas#QF531_2 qantas#QF532 qantas#QF533 qantas#QF534 qantas#QF535 qantas#QF536_1 qantas#QF536_2 qantas#QF537 qantas#QF538_1 qantas#QF538_2 qantas#QF539_1 qantas#QF539_2 qantas#QF54 qantas#QF540_1 qantas#QF540_2 qantas#QF541 qantas#QF542 qantas#QF543_1 qantas#QF543_2 qantas#QF544_1 qantas#QF544_2 qantas#QF546 qantas#QF547_1 qantas#QF547_2 qantas#QF548 qantas#QF549_1 qantas#QF549_2 qantas#QF550 qantas#QF551_1 qantas#QF551_2 qantas#QF552 qantas#QF553 qantas#QF554_1 qantas#QF554_2 qantas#QF555 qantas#QF556 qantas#QF557 qantas#QF558 qantas#QF559_1 qantas#QF559_2 qantas#QF56 qantas#QF560 qantas#QF561 qantas#QF562 qantas#QF563 qantas#QF564 qantas#QF566 qantas#QF567 qantas#QF569_1 qantas#QF569_2 qantas#QF57_1 qantas#QF57_2 qantas#QF571 qantas#QF58_1 qantas#QF58_2 qantas#QF59 qantas#QF6_1 qantas#QF6_2 qantas#QF60 qantas#QF602 qantas#QF603_1 qantas#QF603_2 qantas#QF604_1 qantas#QF604_2 qantas#QF605 qantas#QF606_1 qantas#QF606_2 qantas#QF607 qantas#QF608_1 qantas#QF608_2 qantas#QF61 qantas#QF610_1 qantas#QF610_2 qantas#QF611 qantas#QF612_1 qantas#QF612_2 qantas#QF613_1 qantas#QF613_2 qantas#QF614_1 qantas#QF614_2 qantas#QF615_1__qf6151 qantas#QF615_2 qantas#QF616_1 qantas#QF616_2 qantas#QF618_1 qantas#QF618_2 qantas#QF619 qantas#QF62_1 qantas#QF62_2 qantas#QF620 qantas#QF621_1 qantas#QF621_2 qantas#QF622 qantas#QF623 qantas#QF624 qantas#QF625_1 qantas#QF625_2 qantas#QF626_1 qantas#QF626_2 qantas#QF627_1 qantas#QF627_2 qantas#QF628 qantas#QF629_1 qantas#QF629_2 qantas#QF63_1 qantas#QF63_2 qantas#QF630 qantas#QF631 qantas#QF632 qantas#QF633 qantas#QF634 qantas#QF635 qantas#QF636 qantas#QF638 qantas#QF639_1 qantas#QF639_2 qantas#QF64_1 qantas#QF64_2 qantas#QF642 qantas#QF643_1 qantas#QF643_2 qantas#QF644 qantas#QF645 qantas#QF646 qantas#QF647 qantas#QF648 qantas#QF650 qantas#QF651 qantas#QF652 qantas#QF653 qantas#QF654_1 qantas#QF654_2 qantas#QF655_1 qantas#QF655_2 qantas#QF657 qantas#QF658 qantas#QF659 qantas#QF66_1 qantas#QF66_2 qantas#QF660 qantas#QF661 qantas#QF662 qantas#QF663 qantas#QF665 qantas#QF669 qantas#QF671 qantas#QF68 qantas#QF69 qantas#QF711 qantas#QF764 qantas#QF765 qantas#QF767 qantas#QF768 qantas#QF769 qantas#QF770_1 qantas#QF770_2 qantas#QF771 qantas#QF780 qantas#QF784_1 qantas#QF784_2 qantas#QF786_1 qantas#QF786_2 qantas#QF788 qantas#QF790_1 qantas#QF790_2 qantas#QF791 qantas#QF795 qantas#QF8__qf8 qantas#QF801 qantas#QF802_1 qantas#QF802_2 qantas#QF803 qantas#QF804_1 qantas#QF804_2 qantas#QF805 qantas#QF807_1 qantas#QF807_2 qantas#QF808_1 qantas#QF808_2 qantas#QF81 qantas#QF813 qantas#QF85 qantas#QF86 qantas#QF95_1 qantas#QF95_2 qantas#QF96_1 qantas#QF96_2 qantas#RT501 qantas#RT502 qantas#RT503 qantas#RT504 qantas#RT505 qantas#RT506 qantas#RT507 qantas#RT508 qantas#RT509 qantas#RT510 qantas#RT511 qantas#RT512 qantas#RT513 qantas#RT514 qantas#RT515 qantas#RT516 qantas#RT523 qantas#RT524 qantas#UQ101_1 qantas#UQ101_2 qantas#UQ102_1 qantas#UQ102_2 qantas#UQ103 qantas#UQ104 qantas#UQ301 qantas#UQ302 qantas#UQ303 qantas#UQ304 qantas#UQ401 qantas#UQ403 qantas#UQ405 qantas#UQ701 qantas#UQ702 qantas#UQ703 qantas#WW901 qantas#WW902 qantas#WW903 qantas#WW904 qantas#WW911 qantas#WW912 qantas#WW913 qantas#WW914 qantas#WW923 qantas#WW924 qantas#WW931 qantas#WW934 qantas#QF315 qantas#QF101_1 qantas#QF101_2 qantas#QF115 qantas#QF119_1 qantas#QF119_2 qantas#QF13 qantas#QF141 qantas#QF33 qantas#QF175 qantas#QF35_1 qantas#QF35_2 qantas#QF39 qantas#QF43_2 qantas#QF49 qantas#QF53 qantas#QF545_1 qantas#QF545_2 qantas#QF55 qantas#QF65
subtype: #international_flight__internationalflight a flight that takes off in one country and lands in another
subtype: BA#British_Airways_international_flight
instance: BA#BA001
instance: BA#BA002
instance: BA#BA003
instance: BA#BA004_1
instance: BA#BA004_2
instance: BA#BA004_3
instance: BA#BA005
instance: BA#BA006
instance: BA#BA007
instance: BA#BA008
instance: BA#BA009
instance: BA#BA010
instance: BA#BA011__ba011
instance: BA#BA012
instance: BA#BA015
instance: BA#BA016
instance: BA#BA025
instance: BA#BA026
instance: BA#BA027
instance: BA#BA028
instance: BA#BA031
instance: BA#BA032
instance: BA#BA054
instance: BA#BA055
instance: BA#BA056
instance: BA#BA057
instance: BA#BA112
instance: BA#BA113
instance: BA#BA116
instance: BA#BA117
instance: BA#BA174
instance: BA#BA175
instance: BA#BA176
instance: BA#BA177
instance: BA#BA178
instance: BA#BA179
instance: BA#BA2052_1
instance: BA#BA2052_2
instance: BA#BA2053
instance: BA#BA268
instance: BA#BA269
instance: BA#BA278
instance: BA#BA279
instance: BA#BA282
instance: BA#BA283
instance: BA#BA284
instance: BA#BA285
instance: BA#BA286
instance: BA#BA287
instance: BA#BA7309
instance: BA#BA7310
instance: BA#BA7311
instance: BA#BA7312
instance: BA#BA001 BA#BA002 BA#BA003 BA#BA004_1 BA#BA004_2 BA#BA004_3 BA#BA005 BA#BA006 BA#BA007 BA#BA008 BA#BA009 BA#BA010 BA#BA011__ba011 BA#BA012 BA#BA015 BA#BA016 BA#BA025 BA#BA026 BA#BA027 BA#BA028 BA#BA031 BA#BA032 BA#BA054 BA#BA055 BA#BA056 BA#BA057 BA#BA112 BA#BA113 BA#BA116 BA#BA117 BA#BA174 BA#BA175 BA#BA176 BA#BA177 BA#BA178 BA#BA179 BA#BA2052_1 BA#BA2052_2 BA#BA2053 BA#BA268 BA#BA269 BA#BA278 BA#BA279 BA#BA282 BA#BA283 BA#BA284 BA#BA285 BA#BA286 BA#BA287 BA#BA7309 BA#BA7310 BA#BA7311 BA#BA7312
subtype: CP#CP_international_flight
instance: CP#CP127
instance: CP#CP128
instance: CP#CP133_1
instance: CP#CP133_2
instance: CP#CP134
instance: CP#CP127 CP#CP128 CP#CP133_1 CP#CP133_2 CP#CP134
subtype: FJ#Fidji_international_flight
instance: FJ#FJ810_1
instance: FJ#FJ810_2
instance: FJ#FJ811_1
instance: FJ#FJ811_2
instance: FJ#FJ810_1 FJ#FJ810_2 FJ#FJ811_1 FJ#FJ811_2
subtype: qantas#Quantas_international_flight
instance: qantas#QIF3001_1
instance: qantas#QIF3001_2
instance: qantas#QIF3002
instance: qantas#QIF3003
instance: qantas#QIF3004
instance: qantas#QIF3005
instance: qantas#QIF3006
instance: qantas#QIF3007
instance: qantas#QIF3008
instance: qantas#QIF3009
instance: qantas#QIF301
instance: qantas#QIF3010
instance: qantas#QIF3011
instance: qantas#QIF3012
instance: qantas#QIF3017
instance: qantas#QIF3018
instance: qantas#QIF3019
instance: qantas#QIF302
instance: qantas#QIF3020
instance: qantas#QIF3021
instance: qantas#QIF3022
instance: qantas#QIF3023
instance: qantas#QIF3024
instance: qantas#QIF3025_1
instance: qantas#QIF3025_2
instance: qantas#QIF3026_1
instance: qantas#QIF3026_2
instance: qantas#QIF3027
instance: qantas#QIF3028
instance: qantas#QIF3029
instance: qantas#QIF3030_1
instance: qantas#QIF3030_2
instance: qantas#QIF3031
instance: qantas#QIF3032
instance: qantas#QIF3033
instance: qantas#QIF3034
instance: qantas#QIF3035
instance: qantas#QIF3036
instance: qantas#QIF3037
instance: qantas#QIF3038
instance: qantas#QIF3039
instance: qantas#QIF3041
instance: qantas#QIF3042
instance: qantas#QIF3044__qif3044
instance: qantas#QIF3051
instance: qantas#QIF3052
instance: qantas#QIF3053
instance: qantas#QIF3054
instance: qantas#QIF3055_1
instance: qantas#QIF3055_2
instance: qantas#QIF3055_3
instance: qantas#QIF3057
instance: qantas#QIF3061
instance: qantas#QIF3062
instance: qantas#QIF307
instance: qantas#QIF308
instance: qantas#QIF3088
instance: qantas#QIF3089
instance: qantas#QIF321
instance: qantas#QIF322
instance: qantas#QIF3304
instance: qantas#QIF3305
instance: qantas#QIF3306
instance: qantas#QIF3308
instance: qantas#QIF3317
instance: qantas#QIF3319
instance: qantas#QIF3382
instance: qantas#QIF3384
instance: qantas#QIF3386
instance: qantas#QIF3388
instance: qantas#QIF3389
instance: qantas#QIF3391
instance: qantas#QIF3405_1
instance: qantas#QIF3405_2
instance: qantas#QIF3407
instance: qantas#QIF3426
instance: qantas#QIF3430
instance: qantas#QIF3431
instance: qantas#QIF3443
instance: qantas#QIF351
instance: qantas#QIF352
instance: qantas#QIF3610
instance: qantas#QIF3703
instance: qantas#QIF3713
instance: qantas#QIF3714
instance: qantas#QIF3718
instance: qantas#QIF3772
instance: qantas#QIF3781
instance: qantas#QIF3814
instance: qantas#QIF3817
instance: qantas#QIF3819
instance: qantas#QIF3927
instance: qantas#QIF3941_1
instance: qantas#QIF3941_2
instance: qantas#QIF1
instance: qantas#QIF10
instance: qantas#QIF123_1
instance: qantas#QIF123_2
instance: qantas#QIF124
instance: qantas#QIF139
instance: qantas#QIF140
instance: qantas#QIF15
instance: qantas#QIF16
instance: qantas#QIF17
instance: qantas#QIF174
instance: qantas#QIF18
instance: qantas#QIF2
instance: qantas#QIF23
instance: qantas#QIF24
instance: qantas#QIF41__qif41
instance: qantas#QIF42
instance: qantas#QIF5_1
instance: qantas#QIF5_2
instance: qantas#QIF6_1
instance: qantas#QIF6_2
instance: qantas#QIF63
instance: qantas#QIF64
instance: qantas#QIF67_1
instance: qantas#QIF67_2
instance: qantas#QIF68
instance: qantas#QIF77
instance: qantas#QIF78
instance: qantas#QIF9
instance: qantas#QIF3001_1 qantas#QIF3001_2 qantas#QIF3002 qantas#QIF3003 qantas#QIF3004 qantas#QIF3005 qantas#QIF3006 qantas#QIF3007 qantas#QIF3008 qantas#QIF3009 qantas#QIF301 qantas#QIF3010 qantas#QIF3011 qantas#QIF3012 qantas#QIF3017 qantas#QIF3018 qantas#QIF3019 qantas#QIF302 qantas#QIF3020 qantas#QIF3021 qantas#QIF3022 qantas#QIF3023 qantas#QIF3024 qantas#QIF3025_1 qantas#QIF3025_2 qantas#QIF3026_1 qantas#QIF3026_2 qantas#QIF3027 qantas#QIF3028 qantas#QIF3029 qantas#QIF3030_1 qantas#QIF3030_2 qantas#QIF3031 qantas#QIF3032 qantas#QIF3033 qantas#QIF3034 qantas#QIF3035 qantas#QIF3036 qantas#QIF3037 qantas#QIF3038 qantas#QIF3039 qantas#QIF3041 qantas#QIF3042 qantas#QIF3044__qif3044 qantas#QIF3051 qantas#QIF3052 qantas#QIF3053 qantas#QIF3054 qantas#QIF3055_1 qantas#QIF3055_2 qantas#QIF3055_3 qantas#QIF3057 qantas#QIF3061 qantas#QIF3062 qantas#QIF307 qantas#QIF308 qantas#QIF3088 qantas#QIF3089 qantas#QIF321 qantas#QIF322 qantas#QIF3304 qantas#QIF3305 qantas#QIF3306 qantas#QIF3308 qantas#QIF3317 qantas#QIF3319 qantas#QIF3382 qantas#QIF3384 qantas#QIF3386 qantas#QIF3388 qantas#QIF3389 qantas#QIF3391 qantas#QIF3405_1 qantas#QIF3405_2 qantas#QIF3407 qantas#QIF3426 qantas#QIF3430 qantas#QIF3431 qantas#QIF3443 qantas#QIF351 qantas#QIF352 qantas#QIF3610 qantas#QIF3703 qantas#QIF3713 qantas#QIF3714 qantas#QIF3718 qantas#QIF3772 qantas#QIF3781 qantas#QIF3814 qantas#QIF3817 qantas#QIF3819 qantas#QIF3927 qantas#QIF3941_1 qantas#QIF3941_2 qantas#QIF1 qantas#QIF10 qantas#QIF123_1 qantas#QIF123_2 qantas#QIF124 qantas#QIF139 qantas#QIF140 qantas#QIF15 qantas#QIF16 qantas#QIF17 qantas#QIF174 qantas#QIF18 qantas#QIF2 qantas#QIF23 qantas#QIF24 qantas#QIF41__qif41 qantas#QIF42 qantas#QIF5_1 qantas#QIF5_2 qantas#QIF6_1 qantas#QIF6_2 qantas#QIF63 qantas#QIF64 qantas#QIF67_1 qantas#QIF67_2 qantas#QIF68 qantas#QIF77 qantas#QIF78 qantas#QIF9
subtype: #nonstop_flight__nonstopflight__nonstop a flight made without intermediate stops between source and destination; "how many nonstops are there to Dallas?"
subtype: #redeye_flight__redeye a night flight from which the passengers emerge with eyes red from lack of sleep
subtype: #round_trip__roundtrip a trip to some place and back again
subtype: #run a regular trip; "the ship made its run in record time"
subtype: #run.trip a short trip; "take a run into town"
subtype: #trek any long and difficult trip
subtype: #errand a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission
subtype: #service_call__servicecall a trip made by a repairman to visit the location of something in need of service
subtype: #transit__passage a journey usually by ship; "the outward passage took 10 days"
subtype: #lockage passage through a lock in a canal or waterway
subtype: #drive.journey__ride a journey in a vehicle driven by someone else; "he took the family for a drive in his new car"
subtype: #lift.drive a ride in a car; "he gave me a lift home"
subtype: #joyride a ride in a car taken solely for pleasure; "they took their girlfriends for joyrides in stolen cars"
subtype: #expedition a journey organized for a particular purpose
subtype: #scouting_trip an expedition undertaken to gain information
subtype: #hunting_expedition__huntingexpedition__campaign__safari an overland journey by hunters (especially in Africa)
subtype: #geographic_expedition__exploration to travel for the purpose of discovery
subtype: #excursion__digression wandering from the main path of a journey
subtype: #trek.journey (South African) a journey by ox wagon (especially an organized migration by a group of settlers)
subtype: #tour__circuit a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area; "they took an extended tour of Europe"; "we took a quick circuit of the park"; "a ten-day coach circuit of the island"
subtype: #walkabout.tour a walking trip or tour
subtype: #grand_tour__grandtour an extended sightseeing tour undertaken for pleasure
subtype: #package_tour__packagetour__package_holiday__packageholiday a tour arranged by a travel agent; transportation and food and lodging are all provided at an inclusive price
subtype: #pub_crawl__pubcrawl a tour of bars or public houses (usually taking one drink at each stop)
subtype: #pilgrimage__pilgrim's_journey__pilgrim'sjourney a journey to a sacred place
subtype: #hadj__haj__hajj a pilgrimage to Mecca; every Muslim must make this journey at least once
subtype: #jaunt__excursion__outing__junket__pleasure_trip__expedition__sashay a journey taken for pleasure; "many summer excursions to the shore"; "it was merely a pleasure trip"; "after cautious sashays into the field"
subtype: #airing an short excursion (a walk or ride) in the open air; "he took the dogs for an airing"
subtype: #field_trip__fieldtrip a group excursion (to a museum or the woods or some historic place) for firsthand examination
subtype: #voyage a journey to some distant place
subtype: #crossing.voyage a voyage across a body of water (usually across the Atlantic Ocean)
subtype: #spaceflight__space_travel__spacetravel__spacefaring a voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere
subtype: #way.journey a journey or passage; "they are on the way"
subtype: #stage.traveling__leg a section or portion of a journey or course; "then we embarked on the second stage of our Caribbean cruise"
subtype: #fare-stage (British) a section along the route of a bus for which the fare is the same
subtype: #on_the_road__on_tour travelling about; "they took the show on the road" or "they lost all their games on the road"
subtype: #junketing taking an excursion for pleasure
subtype: #water_travel__watertravel__seafaring travel by water
subtype: #ocean_trip__oceantrip__voyage an act of traveling by water
subtype: #cruise__sail an ocean trip taken for pleasure
subtype: #sailing riding in a sailboat
subtype: #luff sailing close to the wind
subtype: #beat.sailing the act of beating to windward; sailing as close as possible to the direction from which the wind is blowing
subtype: #tack sailing a zigzag course
subtype: #boating__yachting water travel for pleasure
subtype: #commuting__commutation the travel of a commuter
subtype: #chase__following the act of pursuing
subtype: #trailing__tracking the pursuit (of a person or animal) by following tracks or marks they left behind
subtype: #shadowing__tailing the act of following someone secretly
subtype: #stalking__stalk the act of following prey stealthily
subtype: #wild-goose_chase the fruitless pursuit of something unattainable
subtype: #ascent__rise__ascension__ascending the act of changing location in an upward direction
subtype: #heave.ascent__heaving the act of lifting something with great effort
subtype: #climb__mount the act of climbing something
subtype: #scaling ascent by or as if by a ladder
subtype: #escalade an act of scaling by the use of ladders (especially the walls of a fortification)
subtype: #clamber an awkward climb; "reaching the crest was a real clamber"
subtype: #mountain_climbing__mountaineering the activity of climbing a mountain
subtype: #rock_climbing an act of scaling rock masses on mountain sides
subtype: #soar__zoom the act of rising upward into the air
subtype: #descent the act of changing your location in a downward direction
subtype: #abseil a descent down a nearly vertical surface by using a doubled rope that is coiled around the body and attached to some higher point
subtype: #parachuting__jump descent with a parachute; "he had done a lot of parachuting in the army"
subtype: #sky-diving__skydiving performing acrobatics in free fall before pulling the ripcord of a parachute
subtype: #nose_dive__dive a steep nose-down descent by an aircraft
subtype: #power_dive__powerdive a dive accelerated by both gravity and engine power
subtype: #swoop a swift descent through the air
subtype: #crash_dive__crashdive a rapid descent by a submarine
subtype: #drop the act of dropping something; "they expected the drop would be successful"
subtype: #flop__collapse the act of throwing yourself down; "he landed on the bed with a great flop"
subtype: #swinging__swing changing location by moving back and forth
subtype: #return.location the act of returning to a prior location; "they set out on their return to the base camp"
subtype: #reentry the act of entering again
subtype: #remand the act of sending an accused person back into custody to await trial (or the continuation of the trial)
subtype: #glide__slide the act of sliding or gliding
subtype: #skid__slip__sideslip an unexpected slide
subtype: #slippage failing to hold or slipping out of place; "the knots allowed no slippage"
subtype: #flow.location__stream the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression
subtype: #spill__spillage__release the act of allowing a fluid to escape
subtype: #overflow__flood__outpouring a large flow
subtype: #effusion flow under pressure
subtype: #crawl a very slow movement; "the traffic advanced at a crawl"
subtype: #speeding__speed__hurrying changing location rapidly
subtype: #speedup__acceleration__quickening the act of accelerating; increasing the speed
subtype: #scud__scudding the act of moving along swiftly (as before a gale)
subtype: #translation__displacement the act of uniform movement
subtype: #shifting__shift the act of moving from one place to another; "his constant shifting disrupted the class"
subtype: #haste__hurry__rush__rushing the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner; "in his haste to leave he forgot his book"
subtype: #dash.haste__bolt the act of moving with great haste; "he made a dash for the door"
subtype: #scamper__scramble__scurry rushing about hastily in an undignified way
subtype: #maneuver__manoeuvre__play a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill; "he made a great play"
subtype: #figure.maneuver a predetermined set of movements in dancing or skating; "she made the best score on compulsory figures"
subtype: #figure_eight a skating figure that carves an 8 in the ice
subtype: #spread_eagle a skating figure executed with the skates heel to heel in a straight line
subtype: #pass_completion__completion a successful forward pass in football
subtype: #ball_hawking a skillful maneuver in catching balls or in stealing the ball from the opposing team
subtype: #assist in sports (baseball or basketball or ice hockey) the act of enabling another player to make a good play
subtype: #icing_the_puck__icingthepuck__icing (ice hockey) the act of shooting the puck from within your own defensive area the length of the rink beyond the opponent's goal
subtype: #jugglery the performance of a juggler
subtype: #obstruction getting in someone's way
subtype: #blocking__block__interference the act of blocking someone's path with your body (as in football); "he threw a rolling block into the line backer"
subtype: #trap_block (football) an illegal block
subtype: #check.obstruction obstructing an opponent in ice hockey
subtype: #crosscheck an illegal check (chopping at an opponent's arms or stick)
subtype: #poke_check knocking the puck away by jabbing at it with the hockey stick
subtype: #footwork the manner of using the feet
subtype: #stroke__shot (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand; "a good shot require good balance and tempo"; "he left me an almost impossible shot"
subtype: #break.stroke the opening shot that scatters the balls in billiards or pool
subtype: #carom__cannon a shot in billiards in which the cue ball contacts one object ball and then the other
subtype: #masse_shot__masseshot__masse a shot in billiards made by hitting the cue ball with the cue held nearly vertically; the cue ball spins around another ball before hitting the object ball
subtype: #miscue a faulty shot in billiards; the cue tip slips off the cue ball
subtype: #cut.stroke a stroke (in tennis or badminton or squash) that puts reverse spin on the ball; "cuts do not bother a good tennis player"
subtype: #swipe a sweeping stroke or blow
subtype: #tennis_stroke__tennis_shot the act of hitting a tennis ball with a tennis racket
subtype: #return a tennis stroke that returns the ball to the other player; "he won the point on a cross-court return"
subtype: #forehand_stroke__forehand__forehand_shot a return made with the palm of the hand facing the direction of the stroke (as in tennis or badminton or squash)
subtype: #backhand_stroke__backhand__backhand_shot a return made with the back of the hand facing the direction of the stroke
subtype: #two-handed_backhand a backhand shot made holding the racquet in both hands
subtype: #chop_shot__chop a tennis return made with a downward motion that puts backspin on the ball
subtype: #drive.return a hard straight return (as in tennis or squash)
subtype: #forehand_drive hard straight return made on the forehand side (as in tennis or badminton or squash)
subtype: #backhand_drive a hard straight return made on the backhand side
subtype: #volley a tennis return made by hitting the ball before it bounces
subtype: #ground_stroke a tennis return made by hitting the ball after it has bounced once
subtype: #half_volley a tennis return made by hitting the ball immediately after it bounces
subtype: #lob.return an easy return of a tennis ball in a high arc
subtype: #overhead.return__smash a hard return hitting the tennis ball above your head
subtype: #drop_shot__dink a soft return so that the tennis ball drops abruptly after crossing the net
subtype: #passing_shot__passingshot a tennis return that passes an opponent who has approached the net
subtype: #serve__service a stroke (in tennis or badminton or squash) that puts the ball in play; "his powerful serves won the game"
subtype: #ace a serve that the receiver is unable to reach
subtype: #fault.serve (tennis or badminton or squash) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area); "he served too many double faults"
subtype: #double_fault (tennis) two successive faults in serving resulting in the loss of the point
subtype: #footfault a fault that occurs when the server in tennis fails to keep both feet behind the baseline
subtype: #let__netball a serve that strikes the net before falling into the receiver's court; the ball must be served again
subtype: #baseball_swing__swing__cut in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball; "he took a vicious cut at the ball"
subtype: #golf_stroke__golf_shot__swing the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it
subtype: #downswing a swing downward of a golf club
subtype: #slice__fade__slicing a golf shot that curves to the right for a right-handed golfer; "he took lessons to cure his slicing"
subtype: #hooking__hook__draw a golf shot that curves to the left for a right-handed golfer; "he tooks lessons to cure his hooking"
subtype: #drive.golf_stroke__driving hitting a golf ball off of a tee with a driver; "he sliced his drive out of bounds"
subtype: #putt__putting hitting a golf ball on the putting surface with a putter; "his putting let him down today"
subtype: #approach_shot__approach a relatively short golf shot intended to put the ball onto the putting green; "he lost the hole when his approach rolled over the green"
subtype: #chip_shot__chip a low running approach shot
subtype: #pitch_shot__pitchshot__pitch a high approach shot in golf
subtype: #safety_blitz__linebacker_blitzing__blitz (football) defensive players try to break through the offensive line
subtype: #trap_play__mousetrap (football) a play in which a defensive player is allowed to cross the line of scrimmage and then blocked off as the runner goes through the place the lineman vacated
subtype: #movement.change the act of changing the location of something; "the movement of cargo onto the vessel"
subtype: #deracination__displacement to move something from its natural environment
subtype: #transportation__transfer__transferral__conveyance the act of transporting something from one location to another
subtype: #transshipment transfer from one conveyance to another for shipment
subtype: #airlift transportation of people or goods by air (especially when other means of access are blocked)
subtype: #Berlin_airlift airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin
subtype: #connection__connexion shifting from one form of transportation to another; "the plane was late and he missed his connection in Atlanta"
subtype: #bringing__delivery the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail); "his reluctant delivery of bad news"
subtype: #service_of_process__service__serving the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone; "he accepted service of the subpoena"
subtype: #consignment the delivery of goods for sale or disposal
subtype: #handing_over__handingover__passage the act of passing something to another person
subtype: #relay the act of relaying something
subtype: #post the delivery and collection of letters and packages; "it came by the first post"; "if you hurry you'll catch the post"
subtype: #drive the act of driving a herd of animals overland
subtype: #cattle_drive driving a bovine herd (as cows or bulls or steers)
subtype: #carry the act of carrying something
subtype: #backpacking__packing carrying something in a pack on the back; "the backpacking of oxygen is essential for astronauts"
subtype: #fireman's_carry__fireman'scarry the act of carrying a person over your shoulder
subtype: #portage carrying boats and supplies overland
subtype: #porterage the transportation of burdens by porters
subtype: #lighterage the transportation of goods on a lighter
subtype: #resettlement__transplantation__relocation the transportation of people (as a family or colony) to a new settlement (as after an upheaval of some kind)
subtype: #insertion__introduction__intromission the act of putting one thing into another
subtype: #cannulation__canulation__cannulization__cannulisation__canulization__canulisation__intubation the insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ
subtype: #instillation__instillment__instilment the introduction of a liquid (by pouring or injection) drop by drop
subtype: #infusion.instillation (medicine) the passive introduction of a substance (a fluid or drug or electrolyte) into a vein or between tissues (as by gravitational force)
subtype: #enclosing__enclosure__envelopment__inclosure the act of enclosing something inside something else
subtype: #packing__boxing the enclosure of something in a package or box
subtype: #bundling.packing the act of binding something into a bundle
subtype: #encasement__incasement the act of enclosing something in a case
subtype: #injection the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
subtype: #blood_transfusion__bloodtransfusion__transfusion the introduction of blood or blood plasma into a vein or artery
subtype: #exchange_transfusion slow removal of a person's blood and its replacement with equal amounts of a donor's blood
subtype: #perfusion pumping a liquid into an organ or tissue (especially by way of blood vessels)
subtype: #letting_down__lettingdown__lowering the act of causing something to move to a lower level
subtype: #transplanting__transplant the act of uprooting and moving a plant to a new location; "the transplant was successful"; "too frequent transplanting is not good for plants"
subtype: #position_change__movement__move__motility a change of position that does not entail a change of location; "the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise"; "movement is a sign of life"; "an impatient move of his hand"; "gastrointestinal motility"
subtype: #abduction (physiology) moving of a body part away from the central axis of the body
subtype: #adduction (physiology) moving of a body part toward the central axis of the body
subtype: #agitation the act of agitating something; causing it to move around (usually vigorously)
subtype: #shaking the act of causing something to move up and down (or back and forth) with quick movements
subtype: #joggle__jiggle a slight irregular shaking motion
subtype: #stirring agitating a liquid with an implement; "constant stirring prevents it from burning on the bottom of the pan"
subtype: #waggle__wag__shake causing to move repeatedly from side to side
subtype: #worrying the act of moving something by repeated tugs or pushes; "vigorous worrying finally loosened the saw"
subtype: #body_English a motion of the body by a player as if to make an object already propelled go in the desired direction
subtype: #circumduction a circular movement of a limb or eye
subtype: #disturbance the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion
subtype: #circus.disturbance__carnival a frenetic disorganized (and often comic) disturbance suggestive of a circus or carnival; "it was so funny it was a circus"; "the whole occasion had a carnival atmosphere"
subtype: #disruption__perturbation the act of causing disorder
subtype: #breakdown__dislocation the act of disrupting an established order
subtype: #surprisal__surprise the act of surprising someone
subtype: #din__commotion__ruction__ruckus__rumpus__tumult the act of making a noisy disturbance
subtype: #hustle__bustle__flurry__ado__fuss__stir a rapid bustling commotion
subtype: #furor__furore a sudden outburst (as of protest)
subtype: #brouhaha a confused disturbance far greater than its cause merits
subtype: #havoc__mayhem violent and needless disturbance
subtype: #melee__scrimmage__battle_royal a noisy riotous fight
subtype: #turmoil__agitation__excitement__upheaval__hullabaloo disturbance usually in protest
subtype: #tumultuous_disturbance__outburst a sudden violent disturbance
subtype: #rampage__violent_disorder__violentdisorder violently angry and destructive behavior
subtype: #wilding an outrageous rampage usually involving sexual attacks by men on women
subtype: #derangement__upset__overthrow the act of disturbing the mind or body; "his carelessness could have caused an ecological upset"; "she was unprepared for this sudden overthrow of their normal way of living"
subtype: #fetal_movement__fetalmovement__foetal_movement motion of a fetus within the uterus (usually detected by the 16th week of pregnancy)
subtype: #flit.position_change__dart a sudden quick movement
subtype: #gesture motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling
subtype: #jabbing__jab__poke__poking__thrust__thrusting a sharp hand gesture (resembling a blow); "he warned me with a jab with his finger"; "he made a thrusting motion with his fist"
subtype: #mudra ritual hand movement in Hindu religious dancing
subtype: #headshake__headshaking the act of turning your head left and right to signify denial or disbelief or bemusement; "I could tell from their headshakes that they didn't believe me"
subtype: #inclining__inclination the act of inclining; bending forward; "an inclination of his head indicated his agreement"
subtype: #bob a short abrupt inclination (as of the head); "he gave me a short bob of acknowledgement"
subtype: #nod the act of nodding the head
subtype: #nutation uncontrolled nodding
subtype: #stoop an inclination of the top half of the body forward and downward
subtype: #everting__inversion__eversion the act of turning inside out
subtype: #upending__inversion turning upside down; setting on end
subtype: #upset__overturn__turnover the act of upsetting something; "he was badly bruised by the upset of his sled at a high speed"
subtype: #jerking__jerk__jolt an abrupt spasmodic movement
subtype: #kick__kicking a rhythmic thrusting movement of the legs as in swimming or calisthenics; "the kick must be synchronized with the arm movements"; "the swimmer's kicking left a wake behind him"
subtype: #swimming_kick a movement of the legs in swimming
subtype: #flutter_kick__flutterkick a swimming kick; the legs are moved rapidly up and down without bending the knees
subtype: #frog_kick a swimming kick; knees are drawn upward and outward so the legs can be brought together when fully extended
subtype: #dolphin_kick__dolphinkick a swimming kick; an up and down kick of the feet together
subtype: #scissors_kick a kick used in the sidestroke; legs are brought together in a scissoring motion
subtype: #thrash a swimming kick used while treading water
subtype: #kneel supporting yourself on your knees
subtype: #lurch__pitch__pitching abrupt up-and-down motion (as caused by a ship or other conveyance); "the pitching and tossing was quite exciting"
subtype: #careen__rock__sway__tilt pitching dangerously to one side
subtype: #nystagmus__nystagmu involuntary movements of the eyeballs; the presence or absence of nystagmus is used to diagnose a variety of neurological and visual disorders
subtype: #physiological_nystagmus__physiologicalnystagmu small involuntary tremors of the eyeballs; when physiological nystagmus is eliminated by stabilizing the image on the retina the perception fades rapidly from fatigue of the retinal receptors
subtype: #rotational_nystagmus nystagmus caused by the body rotating rapidly; large slow movements of the eyeballs are in the direction of rotation
subtype: #post-rotational_nystagmus nystagmus caused by suddenly stopping the rapid rotation of the body; large slow movements of the eyeballs are in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation
subtype: #opening the act of opening something; "the ray of light revealed his cautious opening of the door"
subtype: #prostration the act of prostrating yourself
subtype: #reaching__reach__stretch the act of physically reaching or thrusting out
subtype: #outreach the act of reaching out; "the outreach toward truth of the human spirit"
subtype: #reciprocation alternating back-and-forth movement
subtype: #reclining the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position
subtype: #retraction the act of pulling or holding or drawing a part back; "the retraction of the landing gear"; "retraction of the foreskin"
subtype: #retroflection__retroflexion the act of bending backward
subtype: #rotation the act of rotating as if on an axis; "the rotation of the dancer kept time with the music"
subtype: #circumvolution the act of turning or winding or folding around a central axis
subtype: #feathering__feather turning an oar parallel to the water between pulls
subtype: #whirling__gyration the act of rotating in a circle or spiral
subtype: #pivot the act of turning on (or as if on) a pivot; "the golfer went to the driving range to practice his pivot"
subtype: #pronation rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward
subtype: #twirl__spin__twist__twisting__whirl the act of rotating rapidly; "he gave the crank a spin"; "it broke off after much twisting"
subtype: #pirouette a rapid spin of the body (especially on the toes as in ballet)
subtype: #birling__logrolling rotating a log rapidly in the water (as a competitive sport)
subtype: #spiral flying downward in a helical path with a large radius
subtype: #supination rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face upward
subtype: #twist__turn turning or twisting around (in place); "with a quick twist of his head he surveyed the room"
subtype: #twiddle a series of small (usually idle) twists or turns
subtype: #winding__wind__twist the act of winding or twisting; "he put the key in the old clock and gave it a good wind"
subtype: #shutting__closing the act of closing something
subtype: #sitting the act of assuming or maintaining a seated position; "he read the mystery at one sitting"
subtype: #posing__sitting the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait); "he wanted his portrait painted but couldn't spare time for the sitting"
subtype: #squatting__squat the act of assuming or maintaining a squatting position
subtype: #sweep a movement in an arc; "a sweep of his arm"
subtype: #quivering__vibration__quiver the act of vibrating
subtype: #shudder__tremor an involuntary vibration (as if from illness or fear)
subtype: #wave a movement like that of an ocean wave; "a wave of settlers"; "troops advancing in waves"
subtype: #waver__flutter__flicker the act of moving back and forth
subtype: #standing.position_change the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright position
subtype: #straddle__span the act of sitting or standing astride
subtype: #stroke.position_change a single complete movement
subtype: #beat a stroke or blow; "the signal was two beats on the steam pipe"
subtype: #bow a stroke with a curved piece of wood with taut horsehair strands that is used in playing stringed instruments
subtype: #down-bow a downward stroke from the heel to the tip of the bow
subtype: #up-bow an upward stroke from the tip to the heel of the bow
subtype: #blow a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon; "a blow on the head"
subtype: #clip a sharp slanting blow; "he gave me a clip on the ear"
subtype: #whack__knock__belt__rap__whang the act of hitting vigorously; "he gave the table a whack"
subtype: #thwack a hard blow with a flat object
subtype: #smacking__smack__slap the act of smacking something; a blow delivered with an open hand
subtype: #spank a slap with the flat of the hand
subtype: #smacker a very powerful blow with the fist
subtype: #knockdown a blow that knocks the opponent off his feet
subtype: #KO__knockout a blow that renders the opponent unconscious
subtype: #technical_knockout__technicalknockout__TKO a knockout declared by the referee who judges one boxer unable to continue
subtype: #swat a sharp blow
subtype: #whiplash__whip__lash a quick blow with a whip
subtype: #poke__punch__lick__biff (boxing) a blow with the fist
subtype: #counterpunch__parry__counter a return punch
subtype: #knockout_punch__haymaker__KO_punch__Sunday_punch a hard punch that renders the opponent unable to continue boxing
subtype: #hook a short swinging punch delivered from the side with the elbow bent
subtype: #roundhouse a hook delivered with an exaggerated swing
subtype: #jab a quick short straight punch
subtype: #rabbit_punch a short chopping blow to the back of the neck
subtype: #sucker_punch an unexpected punch
subtype: #box.blow a blow with the hand (usually on the ear); "I gave him a good box on the ear"
subtype: #kicking__kick__boot the act of delivering a blow with the foot; "he gave the ball a powerful kick"; "the team's kicking was excellent"
subtype: #goal-kick (Association football) a kick by the defending side after the attacking side sends the ball over the goal-line
subtype: #goal-kick.kicking__goalkick (rugby football) an attempt to kick a goal
subtype: #punting__punt (football) kicking in which the football is dropped from the hands and kicked before it touches the ground; "the punt traveled 50 yards"; "punting is an important part of the game"
subtype: #place_kick__placekick__place-kicking__placekicking a kick (in soccer or football) in which the ball is placed on the ground before kicking
subtype: #free_kick (in soccer) a place kick that is allowed for a foul or infringement by the other team
subtype: #corner_kick a free kick from the corner awarded to the other side when a player has sent the ball behind his own goal line
subtype: #kickoff a kick from the center of the field to start a football game or to resume it after a score
subtype: #dropkick kicking (as for a field goal) in which the football is dropped and kicked as it touches the ground
subtype: #counterblow a return blow; a retaliatory blow
subtype: #swing a sweeping blow or stroke; "he took a wild swing at my head"
subtype: #stab__thrust__knife_thrust__knifethrust a thrusting blow with a knife
subtype: #stinger a sharp stinging blow
subtype: #thump a heavy blow with the hand
subtype: #uppercut a swinging blow directed upward (especially at an opponent's chin)
subtype: #pound__hammer__hammering__pounding the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows); "the sudden hammer of fists caught him off guard"; "the pounding of feet on the hallway"
subtype: #shot.blow a blow hard enough to cause injury; "he is still recovering from a shot to his leg"; "I caught him with a solid shot to the chin"
subtype: #wallop a severe blow
subtype: #wiggle__wriggle__squirm the act of wiggling
subtype: #eurythmy__eurhythmy__eurythmics__eurhythmics__eurhythmic the interpretation in harmonious bodily movements of the rhythm of musical compositions; used to teach musical understanding
subtype: #change_of_direction the act of changing the direction in which something is oriented
subtype: #turn turning away or in the opposite direction: "he made an abrupt turn away from her"
subtype: #turnabout__reversion__reverse__reversal__turnaround turning in the opposite direction
subtype: #about-face__aboutface__aboutturn act of pivoting 180 degrees, especially in a military formation
subtype: #u-turn__uturn complete reversal of direction of travel
subtype: #change_of_course a change in the direction that you are moving
subtype: #turn.change_of_course__turning the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course; "he took a turn to the right"
subtype: #diversion__deviation__digression__deflection__deflexion a turning aside (of your course or attention or concern): "a diversion from the main highway"; "a digression into irrelevant details"; "a deflection from his goal"
subtype: #red_herring any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue
subtype: #right.turn a turn to the right; "take a right at the corner"
subtype: #left a turn to the left; "take a left at the corner"
subtype: #kick_turn a standing turn made in skiing; one ski is raised to the vertical and pivoted backward to become parallel with the other ski but headed in the opposite direction and then the other ski is aligned with the first
subtype: #stem_turn__stem a turn made in skiing; the back of one ski is forced outward and the other ski is brought parallel to it
subtype: #telemark a turn made in skiing; the outside ski is placed ahead and turned gradually inwards
subtype: #swerve__swerving__veering the act of turning aside suddenly
subtype: #version.turn manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)
subtype: #tacking__tack (nautical) the act of changing tack
subtype: #change_of_magnitude the act of changing the amount or size of something
subtype: #step-down__decrease__diminution__reduction the act of decreasing or reducing something
subtype: #amount_cutting__cut S("amount_cutting" added as key)$ the act of reducing the amount or number; "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget"
subtype: #budget_cut the act of reducing budgeted expenditures
subtype: #pay_cut__paycut__salary_cut a act of reducing a salary
subtype: #cost_cutting the act of cutting costs
subtype: #price_cutting__pricecutting__price_cut__pricecut cutting the price of merchandise to one lower than the usual or advertised price
subtype: #spending_cut the act of reducing spending
subtype: #moderation the action of lessening in severity or intensity: "the object being control or moderation of economic depressions"
subtype: #abatement the act of abating; "laws enforcing noise abatement"
subtype: #lowering the act of causing to become less
subtype: #tapering the act of gradually lowering the size or amount; "the doctor prescribed the tapering of the dose"
subtype: #cutback a reduction in quantity or rate
subtype: #service_cutback__servicecutback the act of reducing service
subtype: #devaluation the reduction of something value
subtype: #devitalization__devitalisation the act of reducing the vitality of something
subtype: #extenuation__mitigation__palliation to act in such a way as to cause an offense to seem less serious
subtype: #alleviation__easing__easement__relief the act of reducing something unpleasant (as pain or annoyance); "he asked the nurse for relief from the constant pain"
subtype: #spasmolysis__spasmolysi the relaxation or relief of muscle spasms
subtype: #detente the easing of tensions or strained relations (especially between nations)
subtype: #palliation easing the severity of a pain or a disease without removing the cause
subtype: #liberalization__liberalisation__relaxation the act of making less strict
subtype: #de-escalation a reduction in intensity (of a crisis or a war)
subtype: #minimization__minimisation the act of minimizing something
subtype: #tax_avoidance__taxavoidance the minimization of tax liability by lawful methods
subtype: #depletion the act of decreasing something markedly
subtype: #using_up__usingup__expenditure the act of consuming something
subtype: #burnup the amount of fuel used up (as in a nuclear reactor)
subtype: #exhaustion the act of exhausting something entirely
subtype: #drain a gradual depletion; "a drain on resources"
subtype: #drawing_off__drawingoff__drawing act of getting or draining something such as electricity or a liquid from a source: "the drawing of water from the well"
subtype: #derivation drawing off water from its main channel as for irrigation
subtype: #derivation.drawing_off drawing of fluid or inflammation away from a diseased part of the body
subtype: #brain_drain__braindrain depletion or loss of intellectual and technical personnel
subtype: #shortening act of decreasing in length: "the dress needs shortening"
subtype: #abbreviation shortening something by omitting parts of it
subtype: #cutting_off__cuttingoff__cut__cutting the act of shortening something by cutting off the ends; "the barber gave him a good cut"
subtype: #snip__clip__clipping the act of clipping or snipping
subtype: #haircut the act of cutting the hair
subtype: #clipping__trim__trimming cutting down to the desired size or shape
subtype: #pruning the act of trimming a plant
subtype: #shearing removing by cutting off or clipping
subtype: #sheepshearing act of shearing sheep
subtype: #muscular_contraction__contraction (physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)
subtype: #contracture an abnormal and usually permanent contraction of a muscle
subtype: #tetanus__tetanu a sustained muscular contraction resulting from a rapid series of nerve impulses
subtype: #uterine_contraction__uterinecontraction a rhythmic tightening in labor of the upper uterine musculature that contracts the size of the uterus and pushes the fetus toward the birth canal
subtype: #Braxton-Hicks_contraction__false_labor__falselabor painless contractions of the muscles of the uterus that continue throughout pregnancy with increasing frequency
subtype: #vaginismus muscular contraction that causes the vagina to close; usually an anxiety reaction before coitus or pelvic examination
subtype: #shrinking the act of becoming less
subtype: #miniaturization__miniaturisation act of making on a greatly reduced scale
subtype: #subtraction__deduction the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole); "he complained about the subtraction of money from their paychecks"
subtype: #withholding the act of deducting (taxes) from an employee's salary
subtype: #deflation the act of letting the air out of something
subtype: #price_reduction__pricereduction__discount__deduction the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise
subtype: #rollback reducing prices back to some earlier level
subtype: #weakening the act of reducing the strength of something
subtype: #wilt__wilting causing to become limp or drooping
subtype: #dilution weakening (reducing the concentration) by the addition of water or a thinner
subtype: #thinning__cutting the act of diluting something; "the cutting of whiskey with water"; "the thinning of paint with turpentine"
subtype: #depreciation a decrease in price or value over time; "depreciation of the dollar against the yen"
subtype: #reverse_split__reversesplit__reverse_stock_split__split_down__splitdown a decrease in the number of outstanding shares of a corporation without changing the shareholders' equity
subtype: #amortisation__amortization the reduction of the value of an asset by prorating its cost over a period of years
subtype: #declassification reduction or removal by the government of restrictions on a classified document or weapon
subtype: #tax_deduction__taxdeduction__deduction a reduction in the gross amount on which a tax is calculated; reduces taxes by the percentage fixed for the taxpayer's income bracket
subtype: #tax_benefit__taxbenefit__tax_break__taxbreak a tax deduction that is granted in order to encourage a particular type of commercial activity
subtype: #business_deduction tax deduction for expenses of doing business
subtype: #entertainment_deduction__entertainmentdeduction deduction allowed for some (limited) kinds of entertainment for business purposes
subtype: #tax_shelter__taxshelter__shelter a way of organizing business to reduce the taxes it must pay
subtype: #tax_credit__taxcredit a direct reduction in tax liability (not dependent on the taxpayer's tax bracket)
subtype: #step-up__increase the act of increasing something; "he gave me an increase in salary"
subtype: #addition the act of adding one thing to another; "the addition of flowers created a pleasing effect"; "the addition of a leap day every four years"
subtype: #retrofit the act of adding a component or accessory to something that did not have it when it was manufactured; "the court ordered a retrofit on all automobiles"
subtype: #fluoridation__fluoridization__fluoridisation the addition of a fluoride to the water supply (to prevent dental decay)
subtype: #advance increase in price or value: "the news caused a general advance on the stock market"
subtype: #appreciation an increase in price or value over time; "an appreciation of 30% in the value of real estate"
subtype: #surge__upsurge a sudden or abrupt strong increase: "stimulated a surge of speculation"; "an upsurge of emotion"; "an upsurge in violent crime"
subtype: #augmentation the act of augmenting
subtype: #amplification (electricity) the act of increasing voltage or power or current
subtype: #expansion__enlargement the act of increasing in size or volume or quantity or scope
subtype: #dilation__dilatation the act of expanding an aperture; "the dilation of the pupil of the eye"
subtype: #vasodilation dilation of blood vessels (especially the arteries)
subtype: #mydriasis__mydriasi reflex pupillary dilation as a muscle pulls the iris outward; occurs in response to a decrease in light or certain drugs
subtype: #distention__distension the act of expanding by pressure from within
subtype: #stretching act of expanding by lengthening or widening
subtype: #tension the action of stretching something tight; "tension holds the belt in the pulleys"
subtype: #extension.stretching act of stretching or straightening out a flexed limb
subtype: #hyperextension greater than normal extension
subtype: #inflation a act of filling something with air
subtype: #magnification the act of expanding something in apparent size
subtype: #extension act of expanding in scope; making more widely available: "extension of the program to all in need"
subtype: #spread__spreading act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time
subtype: #dispersal__dispersion__dissemination__diffusion the act of dispersing or diffusing something; "the dispersion of the troops"; "the diffusion of knowledge"
subtype: #crop-dusting__spraying the dispersion of fungicides or insecticides or fertilizer on growing crops (often from a low-flying aircraft)
subtype: #strewing__scatter the act of scattering
subtype: #decentralization__decentralisation the spread of power away from the center to local branches or governments
subtype: #stretch extension to or beyond the ordinary limit; "running at full stretch"; "by no stretch of the imagination"; "beyond any stretch of his understanding"
subtype: #escalation an increase to counteract a perceived discrepancy; "higher wages caused an escalation of prices" or "there was a gradual escalation of hostilities"
subtype: #maximization__maximisation the act of maximizing something
subtype: #exaggeration the act of making something more noticeable than usual; "the dance involved a deliberate exaggeration of his awkwardness"
subtype: #expanding_upon__expandingupon__expansion adding information or detail
subtype: #elaboration__amplification addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail: "a few remarks added in amplification and defense"; "an elaboration of the idea followed"
subtype: #annotating__annotation the act of adding notes
subtype: #supplementation__subjunction__subjoining the act of supplementing
subtype: #accrual__accumulation__accruement the act of accumulating
subtype: #buildup the act of building up an accumulation
subtype: #deposit__deposition the act of depositing
subtype: #repositing__reposition__storage__warehousing depositing in a warehouse
subtype: #stockpiling accumulating and storing a reserve supply: "the stockpiling of war materials"
subtype: #inclusion the act of including
subtype: #incorporation.inclusion including by incorporation
subtype: #annexation__appropriation incorporation by annexation
subtype: #comprehension the act of comprising something
subtype: #containment the act of containing something
subtype: #aggrandizement__aggrandisement__elevation the act of increasing the wealth or prestige or power or scope of something
subtype: #self-aggrandizement__self-aggrandisement__ego_trip__egotrip an act undertaken to increase your own power and influence or to draw attention to your own importance
subtype: #strengthening the act of increasing the strength of something
subtype: #concentration.strengthening strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing extraneous material
subtype: #pervaporation the concentration of a colloidal solution whose colloid will not pass through a semipermeable membrane; solution is placed in a bag of the membrane and the solvent is evaporated off
subtype: #intensification action that makes something more intense
subtype: #aggravation__exacerbation action that makes a problem or a disease (or its symptoms) worse; "the aggravation of her condition resulted from lack of care"
subtype: #focusing__focalization__focalisation the act of bringing into focus
subtype: #refocusing focusing again
subtype: #stock_split__split__split_up__splitup an increase in the number of outstanding shares of a corporation without changing the shareholders' equity; "they announced a two-for-one split of the common stock"
subtype: #change_of_integrity the act of changing the unity or wholeness of something
subtype: #joining__connection__connexion the act of bringing two things into contact; "the joining of hands around the table"
subtype: #intersection the act of intersecting (as joining by causing your path to intersect your target's path)
subtype: #bringing_close_together__approximation the act of bringing near or bringing together especially the cut edges of tissue
subtype: #concatenation the act of linking together as in a series or chain
subtype: #converging__convergence the act of converging (coming closer)
subtype: #merging__coming_together the act of joining together as one; "the merging of the two groups occurred quickly"; "there was no meeting of minds"
subtype: #concourse.merging__confluence a coming together of people
subtype: #coming_upon__encounter a casual meeting with a person of thing
subtype: #articulation.joining the act of joining things in such a way that motion is possible
subtype: #adjunction__junction an act of joining or adjoining things
subtype: #fastening__attachment the act of fastening things together
subtype: #soldering__bonding fastening firmly together
subtype: #doweling fastening by dowels
subtype: #grounding__earthing fastening electrical equipment to earth
subtype: #linkage the act of linking things together
subtype: #tying the act of tying things together
subtype: #ligation tying a duct or blood vessel with a ligature (as in surgery to prevent bleeding)
subtype: #tubal_ligation__tuballigation a sterilization procedure with women; both Fallopian tubes are tied in two places and the tubes removed in between the ligations
subtype: #welding fastening two pieces of metal together by softening with heat and applying pressure
subtype: #butt_welding creating a butt joint by welding
subtype: #flash_welding__flashwelding__flash_butt_welding butt welding by creating an electric arc between the two pieces which melts and joins them; used for joining segments of metal pipe
subtype: #breaking__breakage__break the act of breaking something; "the breakage was unavoidable"
subtype: #rupture the act of making a sudden noisy break
subtype: #smashing__shattering the act of breaking something into small pieces
subtype: #fracture.breaking__crack__cracking the act of cracking something
subtype: #chipping__chip__splintering the act of chipping something
subtype: #explosion.action__burst the act of exploding or bursting something; "the explosion of the firecrackers awoke the children"; "the burst of an atom bomb creates enormous radiation aloft"
subtype: #detonation the act of detonating an explosion
subtype: #percussion the act of exploding a percussion cap
subtype: #fulmination the act of exploding with noise and violence; "his fulminations frightened the horses"
subtype: #burning__combustion the act of burning something; "the burning of leaves was prohibited by a town ordinance"
subtype: #arson__incendiarism__fire-raising malicious burning to destroy property; "the British term for arson is fire-raising"
subtype: #kindling__ignition__firing__lighting the act of starting a fire
subtype: #incineration the act of burning something completely; reducing it to ashes
subtype: #cremation the incineration of a dead body
subtype: #compounding__combining the act of combining things
subtype: #attachment the act of attaching something
subtype: #grafting__graft the act of grafting something onto something else
subtype: #commixture__mix__admixture__mixture the act of mixing; "paste made by a mix of flour and water"; "the mixing of sound channels in the recording studio"
subtype: #fusion the act of fusing (or melting) together
subtype: #blend.compounding__blending the act of blending components together thoroughly
subtype: #conflux__confluence__merging a flowing together (as of rivers)
subtype: #homogenization__homogenisation the act of homogenizing
subtype: #interspersion__interspersal the act of combining one thing at intervals among other things; "the interspersion of illustrations in the text"
subtype: #temperance the act of tempering
subtype: #unification__union__uniting making or becoming a single unit; "the union of opposing factions"; "he looked forward to the unification of his family for the holidays"
subtype: #coalescence__coalescency__coalition__concretion__conglutination the union of diverse things into one body or form or group; the growing together of parts
subtype: #reunification__reunion the act of coming together again
subtype: #homecoming an annual school or university reunion for graduates
subtype: #umbrella.unification having the function of uniting a group of similar things; "the Democratic Party is an umbrella for many liberal groups"; "under the umbrella of capitalism"
subtype: #consolidation.compounding__integration the act of combining into an integral whole
subtype: #centralization__centralisation consolidation of power under central control
subtype: #incorporation consolidating by incorporation
subtype: #amalgamation__merger__uniting the combination of two or more commercial companies
subtype: #vertical_integration__vertical_combination absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution
subtype: #horizontal_integration__horizontal_combination absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level
subtype: #opening.change_of_integrity becoming open or being made open; "the opening of his arms was the sign I was waiting for"
subtype: #cut.opening__cutting the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge; "his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels"
subtype: #nick__notch__snick a small cut
subtype: #slash__gash a strong sweeping cut made with a sharp instrument
subtype: #surgical_incision__incision__section the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)
subtype: #gastromy surgical incision into the stomach
subtype: #keratotomy surgical incision into the cornea
subtype: #radial_keratotomy radial pattern of incisions in the cornea that cause the cornea to bulge; performed to correct myopia
subtype: #perineotomy surgical incision into the perineum
subtype: #episiotomy surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth
subtype: #laparotomy surgical incision into the abdominal wall; often done to examine abdominal organs
subtype: #laparoscopy laparotomy performed with a laparoscope that makes a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity (especially the ovaries and Fallopian tubes)
subtype: #orchotomy surgical incision into the testis to obtain material for analysis (as in cases of abnormally low sperm count)
subtype: #sclerotomy surgical incision of the sclerotic coat of the eye
subtype: #nephrotomy incision into a kidney (usually to remove a kidney stone)
subtype: #valvotomy__valvulotomy incision into a stenosed cardiac valve to relieve the obstruction
subtype: #venesection__phlebotomy surgical incision into a vein; used to treat hemochromatosis
subtype: #vasotomy__vasosection surgical incision into or division of the vas deferens
subtype: #separation the act of dividing or disconnecting
subtype: #avulsion a forcible tearing or separation of one body part from another
subtype: #dissociation the act of removing from association
subtype: #secession__withdrawal formal separation from an alliance or federation
subtype: #breakaway__breaking_away the act of breaking away or withdrawing from: "there was a breakaway by the discontented members"; "a breaking away from family and neighborhood"
subtype: #disunion the termination or destruction of union
subtype: #disconnection__disjunction the act of breaking a connection
subtype: #division the act or process of dividing
subtype: #parcellation the division into parcels; "the increasing parcellation of land with every generation"
subtype: #cleavage the act of cleaving or splitting
subtype: #bisection dividing into two equal parts
subtype: #quartering dividing into four equal parts
subtype: #schism__split division of a group into opposing factions; "another schism like that and they will wind up in bankruptcy"
subtype: #cut__cutting the act of cutting something into parts; "his cuts were skillful"; "his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess"
subtype: #severing__severance the act of severing
subtype: #dissection cutting so as to separate into pieces
subtype: #scission the act of dividing by cutting or splitting
subtype: #slicing the act of cutting into slices
subtype: #fragmentation__atomization__atomisation separating something into fine particles
subtype: #branching__ramification__fork__forking the act of branching out or dividing into branches
subtype: #bifurcation splitting into two branches
subtype: #trifurcation splitting into three branches
subtype: #divarication branching at a wide angle
subtype: #fibrillation act or process of forming fibrils
subtype: #dichotomization__dichotomisation the act of dividing into two sharply different categories
subtype: #quantization__quantisation the act of dividing into quanta or expressing in terms of quantum theory
subtype: #fractionation separation into portions
subtype: #syllabication__syllabification forming or dividing words into syllables
subtype: #word_division__hyphenation division of a word especially at the end of a line on a page
subtype: #card_cut__cut__cutting the division of a deck of cards before dealing; "his cutting the cards before every deal soon became a ritual"
subtype: #disengagement__detachment the act of releasing from an attachment or connection
subtype: #tear the act of tearing; "he took the manuscript in both hands and gave it a mighty tear"
subtype: #laceration the act of lacerating
subtype: #rent.tear__rip__split the act of rending or ripping or splitting something; "he gave the envelope a vigorous rip"
subtype: #removal__remotion the act of removing; "he had surgery for the removal of a malignancy"
subtype: #abscission.remotion__cutting_off__cuttingoff the act of cutting something off
subtype: #circumcision surgical removal of the foreskin of males
subtype: #abstraction.remotion the act of withdrawing or removing something
subtype: #extraction the act of pulling out (as a tooth); "the dentist gave her a local anesthetic prior to the extraction"
subtype: #autotomy spontaneous removal or casting off of a body part (as the tail of a lizard or claw or a lobster) especially when the organism is injured or under attack
subtype: #decontamination the removal of contaminants
subtype: #deletion the act of deleting something written or printed
subtype: #bowdlerization__bowdlerisation__expurgation the deletion of all passages considered to be indecent
subtype: #censoring__censorship deleting parts of publications or correspondence or theatrical performances
subtype: #Bowdlerism censorship in the form of prudish expurgation
subtype: #Comstockery censorship because of perceived obscenity or immorality
subtype: #expunction__expunging__erasure deletion by an act of expunging or erasing
subtype: #denudation__stripping__uncovering__baring__husking the removal of covering
subtype: #disforestation__deforestation the removal of trees
subtype: #cornhusking the act of removing the husks from ears of corn
subtype: #dermabrasion removal of scars or tattoos by anesthetizing the skin surface and then sanding or wire-brushing off some of the outer skin layer
subtype: #dislodgment__dislodgement forced removal from a position of advantage
subtype: #riddance__elimination the act of removing or getting rid of something
subtype: #simplification elimination of superfluous details
subtype: #oversimplification excessive simplification (to the point of misrepresentation)
subtype: #rationalization__rationalisation (math) the simplification of an expression or equation by eliminating radicals without changing the value of the expression or the roots of the equation
subtype: #elimination the act of removing an unknown mathematical quantity by combining equations
subtype: #emptying__voidance__evacuation the act of removing the contents of something
subtype: #drainage__drain emptying accomplished by draining
subtype: #rinsing__rinse the removal of soap with clean water in the final stage of washing
subtype: #disembowelment__evisceration the act of removing the bowels or viscera; the act of cutting so as to cause the viscera to protrude
subtype: #skimming the act of removing floating material from the surface of a liquid
subtype: #withdrawal.remotion the act of taking out money or other capital
subtype: #bank_withdrawal the withdrawal of money from your account at a bank
subtype: #bank_run the concerted action of depositors who try to withdraw their money from a bank because the think it will fail
subtype: #disinvestment the withdrawal of capital from a country or corporation
subtype: #sectionalization__division__partition__partitioning__segmentation__sectionalisation the act of dividing or partitioning; separation by the creation of a boundary that divides or keeps apart
subtype: #subdivision the act of subdividing; division of something previously divided
subtype: #septation the division or partitioning of a cavity into parts by a septum
subtype: #zoning dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc
subtype: #divergence.separation__divergency the act of moving away in different direction from a common point; "an angle is formed by the divergence of two straight lines"
subtype: #transformation__translation the act of transforming; "a photograph is a translation of a scene onto a two-dimensional surface"
subtype: #permutation.transformation complete change in character or condition: "the permutations...taking place in the physical world"- Henry Miller
subtype: #revision__alteration the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification); "it would require a drastic revision of his opinion"
subtype: #distraction the act of distracting; drawing someone's attention away from something
subtype: #metamorphosis.revision__metamorphosi a striking change in appearance or character or circumstances: "the metamorphosis of the old house into something new and exciting"
subtype: #transfiguration the act of transforming so as to exalt or glorify
subtype: #transmogrification changing into a different form or appearance especially a fantastic or grotesque one: "transmogrification into a porcupine"
subtype: #metamorphosis__metamorphosi a complete change of physical form or substance especially as by magic or witchcraft
subtype: #filling a act of filling something
subtype: #saturation the act of saturating something
subtype: #flood the act of flooding; filling to overflowing
subtype: #hardening the act of making something harder (firmer or tighter or more compact)
subtype: #annealing__tempering hardening something by heat treatment
subtype: #scathe__damage__harm__hurt the act of damaging something or someone
subtype: #impairment damage that results in a reduction of strength or quality
subtype: #defacement__disfigurement__disfiguration the act of damaging the appearance or surface of something; "the defacement of an Italian mosaic during the Turkish invasion"; "he objected to the dam's massive disfigurement of the landscape"
subtype: #wounding__wound the act of inflicting a wound
subtype: #burn damage inflicted by burning
subtype: #scald the act of burning with steam or hot water
subtype: #conversion.change the act of changing from one use or function or purpose to another
subtype: #afforestation the conversion of bare or cultivated land into forest (originally for the purpose of hunting)
subtype: #dressing.conversion processes in the conversion of rough hides into leather
subtype: #transmutation__transubstantiation an act that changes the form or character or substance of something
subtype: #updating the act of changing something to bring it up to date (usually by adding something); "criminal records need regular updating"
subtype: #change_of_shape an action that changes the shape of something
subtype: #contortion__deformation the act of twisting or deforming the shape of something (e.g., yourself)
subtype: #convolution the action of coiling or twisting or winding together
subtype: #angulation the act of making angulate (having corners)
subtype: #bending the act of bending something
subtype: #flexion act of bending a joint; especially a joint between the bones of a limb so that the angle between them is decreased
subtype: #flex the act of flexing; "he gave his biceps a flex to impress the ladies"
subtype: #dorsiflexion the act of bending backward (of the body or a body part)
subtype: #crouch the act of bending low with the limbs close to the body
subtype: #hunch the act of bending yourself up together
subtype: #elongation the act of lengthening something
subtype: #enfolding__involution the action of enfolding something
subtype: #folding the act of folding; "he gave the napkins a double fold"
subtype: #pleating__plication folding in parallel folds
subtype: #indentation the act of indenting
subtype: #protrusion__projection__jut the act of projecting out from something
subtype: #widening__broadening the act of making something wider
subtype: #narrowing the act of making something narrower
subtype: #economy.action__saving an act of economizing; reduction in cost; "it was a small economy to walk to work every day" or "there was a saving of 50 cents"
subtype: #downsizing__retrenchment__curtailment the reduction of expenditures in order to become financial stable
subtype: #economies_of_scale reduction in cost of production due to a large number of items produced
subtype: #forbiddance__prohibition__inhibition the action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof); "they were restrained by a prohibition in their charter"; "a medical inhibition of alcoholic beverages"; "he ignored his parents' forbiddance"
subtype: #resistance.action__opposition the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; "he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens"; "despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead"
subtype: #lockout a management action resisting employee's demands; employees are barred from entering the workplace until they agree to terms
subtype: #reaction.resistance doing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you don't like; "his style of painting was a reaction against cubism"
subtype: #backlash an adverse reaction to some political or social occurrence; "there was a backlash of intolerance"
subtype: #whitelash__white_backlash__whitebacklash backlash by white racists against black civil rights advances
subtype: #anti-takeover_defense resistance to or defense against a hostile takeover
subtype: #pickings__taking the act of someone who picks up or takes something; "the pickings were easy"; "clothing could be had for the taking"
subtype: #aggression.action__hostility violent action that is hostile and usually unprovoked
subtype: #meat_grinder any action resulting in injury or destruction; "the meat grinder of politics destroyed his reputation" or "allied forces crumbled before the Wehrmacht meat grinder"
subtype: #violence.aggression__force an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists); "he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one"
subtype: #riot__public_violence a public act of violence by an unruly mob
subtype: #race_riot a riot caused by hatred for one another of members of different races in the same community
subtype: #plundering__pillage__pillaging the act of stealing valuable things from a place; "the plundering of Rome"; "his plundering of the great authors"
subtype: #banditry the practice of plundering in gangs
subtype: #rapine__rape the act of despoiling a country in warfare
subtype: #looting__robbery plundering during riots or in wartime
subtype: #spoliation__spoil__spoilation__despoliation__despoilment the act of stripping and taking by force
subtype: #ravaging__devastation plundering with excessive damage and destruction
subtype: #depredation an act of plundering
subtype: #employment.action__engagement the act of giving someone a job
subtype: #shape-up__shapeup a way of hiring longshoremen by the day; applicants gather around a union boss who selects those to be hired
subtype: #call-back the recall of an employee after a layoff
subtype: #booking__reservation the act of reserving (a place or passage) or engaging the services of (a person or group): "wondered who had made the booking"
subtype: #reference__consultation the act of referring; "reference to an encyclopedia produced the answer"
subtype: #emphasizing__accenting the act of giving special importance or significance to something
subtype: #stupefaction the action of stupefying; making dull or lethargic; "the professor was noted for his stupefaction of the students"
subtype: #nonaccomplishment__nonachievement an act that does not achieve its intended goal
subtype: #failure an act that fails
subtype: #failing failure to reach a minimum required performance; "his failing the course led to his disqualification"
subtype: #naught complete failure; "all my efforts led to naught"
subtype: #loss the act of losing; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock"
subtype: #capitulation__fall__surrender the act of surrendering (under agreed conditions); "they were protected until the capitulation of the fort"
subtype: #backsliding__lapse__lapsing__recidivism__relapse__relapsing__reversion__reverting a failure to maintain a higher state
subtype: #misplay__error (baseball) a failure of a defensive player to make an out when normal play would have sufficed
subtype: #out a failure by a batter or runner to reach a base safely in baseball; "you only get 3 outs per inning"
subtype: #putout an out resulting from a fielding play (not a strikeout)
subtype: #sacrifice (in baseball) an out that advances the base runners
subtype: #sacrifice_fly__sacrificefly a sacrifice made by hitting a long fly ball
subtype: #strikeout an out resulting from the batter getting three strikes
subtype: #whiff a strikeout resulting from the batter swinging at and missing the ball for the third strike
subtype: #nonconformity failure to conform
subtype: #nonobservance a lack of conformity with law or custom or practice etc.
subtype: #nonremittal__default__nonpayment act of failing to meet a financial obligation
subtype: #mistake__error__fault a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; "he made a bad mistake"; "she was quick to point out my errors"; "I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults"
subtype: #blot__smear__smirch__spot__stain an act that brings discredit to the person who does it; "he made a huge blot on his copybook"
subtype: #mix-up__mixup a mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; "he changed his name in order to avoid confusion with the notorious outlaw"
subtype: #incursion.mistake the mistake of incurring liability or blame
subtype: #miscalculation__misreckoning__misestimation a mistake in calculating
subtype: #boomerang__backfire a miscalculation that recoils on its maker
subtype: #distortion the mistake of misrepresenting the facts
subtype: #slip-up__slip__miscue__parapraxis a minor inadvertent mistake usually observed in speech or writing or in small accidents or memory lapses etc.
subtype: #Freudian_slip a slip-up that (according to Sigmund Freud) results from the operation of unconscious wishes or conflicts and can reveal unconscious processes in normal healthy individuals
subtype: #oversight__lapse a mistake resulting from inattention
subtype: #omission__skip a mistake resulting from neglect
subtype: #failure.omission an unexpected omission; "he resented my failure to return his call"
subtype: #dashing_hopes__dashinghope__disappointment an act (or failure to act) that disappoints someone
subtype: #breach a failure to perform some promised act or obligation
subtype: #breach_of_contract a breach of a legal duty; failure to do something that is required in a contract
subtype: #anticipatory_breach__constructive_breach a breach of contract committed prior to the time of required performance
subtype: #breach_of_the_covenant_of_warranty a failure of the seller's guarantee of good title
subtype: #breach_of_promise failure to keep a promise (of marriage)
subtype: #breach_of_trust violation (either through fraud or negligence) by a trustee of a duty that equity requires of him
subtype: #breach_of_warranty a breach that occurs when an item is deficient according to the terms of a warranty
subtype: #material_breach a breach serious enough to destroy the value of the contract and to give a basis for an action for breach of contract
subtype: #partial_breach__partialbreach a breach that does not destroy the value of the contract but can give rise to a claim for damages
subtype: #breach_of_duty a breach of due care
subtype: #copout a failure to face some difficulty squarely
subtype: #blunder__blooper__bloomer__bungle__foul-up__fuckup__flub__botch__boner__boo-boo__booboo an embarrassing mistake
subtype: #snafu an acronym often used by soldiers in World War II: Situation Normal All Fucked Up
subtype: #spectacle a blunder that makes you look ridiculous; used in the phrase "make a spectacle of" yourself
subtype: #bull a serious and ludicrous blunder; "he made a bad bull of the assignment"
subtype: #fumble__muff dropping the ball (in baseball or football)
subtype: #fluff a blunder (especially an actor's forgetting the lines)
subtype: #faux_pas__gaffe__solecism__slip__gaucherie a socially awkward or tactless act
subtype: #howler a glaring blunder
subtype: #clanger (British) a conspicuous mistake whose effects seem to reverberate; "he dropped a clanger"
subtype: #misstep__trip__stumble an unintentional but embarrassing blunder; "he recited the whole poem without a single trip"; "confusion caused his unfortunate misstep"
subtype: #ballup__balls-up__ballsup__cockup__mess-up (British) something badly botched or muddled
subtype: #betise__stupidity__folly__foolishness__foolishnes a stupid mistake
subtype: #revoke__renege the mistake of not following suit when able to do so
subtype: #negligence__carelessness__neglect__nonperformance failure to act with the prudence that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances
subtype: #dereliction willful negligence
subtype: #nonfeasance a failure to act when under an obligation to do so; a refusal (without sufficient excuse) to do that which it is your legal duty to do
subtype: #comparative_negligence__comparativenegligence (law) negligence allocated between the plaintiff and the defendant with a corresponding reduction in damages paid to the plaintiff
subtype: #concurrent_negligence (law) negligence of two of more persons acting independently; the plaintiff may sue both together or separately
subtype: #contributory_negligence (law) behavior by the plaintiff that contributes to the harm resulting from the defendant's negligence; in common law any degree of contributory negligence would bar the plaintiff from collecting damages
subtype: #criminal_negligence__culpable_negligence (law) recklessly acting without reasonable caution and putting another person at risk of injury or death (or failing to do something with the same consequences)
subtype: #neglect_of_duty breach of a (legal) duty
subtype: #evasion.negligence__escape__dodging nonperformance of something distasteful (as by deceit or trickery) that you are supposed to do; "his evasion of his clear duty was reprehensible"; "that escape from the consequences is possible but unattractive"
subtype: #escape_mechanism a form of behavior that evades unpleasant realities
subtype: #malingering__skulking evading duty or work by pretending to be incapacitated; "they developed a test to detect malingering"
subtype: #shirking__slacking__soldiering__goofing_off__goofingoff__goldbricking the evasion of work or duty
subtype: #circumvention the act of evading by going around
subtype: #tax_evasion the deliberate failure to pay taxes (usually by making a false report)
subtype: #leaning the act deviating from a vertical position
subtype: #assumption the act of assuming or taking for granted; "your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted"
subtype: #position.assumption the act of positing; an assumption taken as a postulate or axiom
subtype: #rejection the act of rejecting something; "his proposals were met with rejection"
subtype: #brush-off__brushoff a curt or disdainful rejection
subtype: #avoidance__turning_away__turningaway__shunning__dodging deliberately avoiding; keeping away from or preventing from happening
subtype: #aversion__averting the act of turning yourself (or your gaze) away; "averting her gaze meant that she was angry"
subtype: #escape.avoidance an avoidance of danger or difficulty; "that was a narrow escape"
subtype: #forsaking__abandonment__desertion the act of giving something up
subtype: #exposure.forsaking abandoning without shelter or protection (as by leaving as infant out in the open)
subtype: #apostasy__tergiversation the act of abandoning a party or cause
subtype: #bolt a sudden abandonment (as from a political party)
subtype: #forgoing__renunciation__forswearing the act of renouncing
subtype: #giving_up__forsaking the act of forsaking
subtype: #self-abnegation__abnegation__denial__self-denial__self-renunciation renunciation of your own interests in favor of the interests of others
subtype: #nonacceptance__turndown the act of refusing an offer; "the turndown was polite but very firm"
subtype: #banishment__proscription rejection by means of an act of banishing or proscribing someone
subtype: #disbarment the act of expelling a lawyer from the practice of law
subtype: #ejection__exclusion__expulsion__riddance the act of expelling someone
subtype: #ostracism the act of excluding someone from society by general consent
subtype: #barring__blackball the act of excluding someone by a negative vote or veto
subtype: #ousting__ouster the act of ejecting someone or forcing them out
subtype: #dethronement__deposition the act of deposing someone; removing a powerful person from a position or office
subtype: #deportation__exile__expatriation the act of expelling a person from their native land
subtype: #excommunication the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church
subtype: #relegation mild banishment; consignment to an inferior position; "he has been relegated to a post in Siberia"
subtype: #rustication banishment into the country
subtype: #displacement act of removing from office or employment
subtype: #forfeit__forfeiture__sacrifice the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.
subtype: #activity any specific activity or pursuit; "they avoided all recreational activity"
subtype: #variation__variance an activity that varies from a norm or standard; "any variation in his routine was immediately reported"
subtype: #space_walk__spacewalk any kind of physical activity outside a spacecraft by one of the crew
subtype: #domesticity domestic activities or life: "making a hobby of domesticity"
subtype: #operation a planned activity involving many people performing various actions: "they organized a rescue operation"; "the biggest police operation in French history"; "running a restaurant is quite an operation"; "consolidate the companies various operations"
subtype: #rescue_operation an operation organized to free from danger or confinement
subtype: #practice__pattern a customary way of operation or behavior; "it is their practice to give annual raises"; "they changed their dietary pattern"
subtype: #biologism use of biological principles in explaining human especially social behavior
subtype: #cooperation.practice the practice of cooperating: "economic cooperation"; "they agreed on a policy of cooperation"
subtype: #featherbedding the practice (usually by a labor union) of requiring an employer to hire more workers than are required
subtype: #formalism the practice of scrupulous adherence to prescribed or external forms
subtype: #one-upmanship__oneupmanship the practice of keeping one jump ahead of a friend or competitor
subtype: #symbolism the practice of investing things with symbolic meaning
subtype: #modernism practices typical of contemporary life or thought
subtype: #cannibalism the practice of eating the flesh of your own kind
subtype: #careerism the practice of advancing your career at the expense of your personal integrity
subtype: #usage__custom__usance accepted or habitual practice
subtype: #Americanism a custom that is peculiar to the US or its citizens
subtype: #Anglicism__Britishism a custom that is peculiar to England or its citizens
subtype: #consuetude a custom or usage that has acquired the force of law
subtype: #couvade a custom among some peoples whereby the husband of a pregnant wife is put to bed at the time of bearing the child
subtype: #Germanism a custom that is peculiar to Germany or its citizens
subtype: #wont__habit__use a pattern of behavior acquired through frequent repetition; "she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair"; "long use had hardened him to it"
subtype: #ritual.wont stereotyped behavior
subtype: #second_nature acquired behavior that is practiced so long it seems innate
subtype: #cleanliness the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections
subtype: #uncleanliness__uncleanlines the habit of neglecting cleanliness
subtype: #rite__ritual any customary observance or practice
subtype: #marriage_ceremony__marriage__wedding the act of marrying; the nuptial ceremony; "their marriage was conducted in the chapel"
subtype: #bridal__espousal archaic terms for a wedding or wedding feast
subtype: #civil_marriage__civilmarriage a marriage performed by a government official rather than by a clergyman
subtype: #love_match a marriage for love's sake; not an arranged marriage
subtype: #remarriage the act of marrying again
subtype: #betrothal__espousal the act of becoming betrothed or engaged
subtype: #habitude habitual mode of behavior
subtype: #daily_round__dailyround__round the usual activities in your day; "the doctor made his rounds"
subtype: #fashion characteristic or habitual practice
subtype: #line_of_least_resistance__path_of_least_resistance the easiest way; "In marrying him she simply took the path of least resistance"
subtype: #slavery the practice of slaveholding
subtype: #peonage the practice of making a debtor work for his creditor until the debt is discharged
subtype: #unwritten_law__unwrittenlaw law based on customary behavior
subtype: #lynch_law__lynchlaw the practice of punishing people by hanging without due process of law
subtype: #mistreatment the practice of treating (someone or something) badly; "he should be punished for his mistreatment of his mother"
subtype: #annoying__annoyance__irritation__vexation the act of troubling or annoying someone
subtype: #exasperation actions that cause great irritation (or even anger)
subtype: #exacerbation violent and bitter exasperation; "his foolishness was followed by an exacerbation of their quarrel"
subtype: #disregard__neglect lack of care and attention
subtype: #victimization__exploitation__victimisation__using an act that exploits or victimizes someone
subtype: #colonialism exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one; the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country
subtype: #neocolonialism control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures
subtype: #molestation tormenting by continued persistent attacks and criticism
subtype: #baiting harassment especially of a tethered animal
subtype: #badgering__worrying__torment__bedevilment the act of harassing someone
subtype: #sexual_harassment unwelcome sexual behavior by a supervisor toward an employee
subtype: #tease__teasing the act of harassing someone playfully or maliciously (especially by ridicule); provoking someone with persistent annoyances; "he ignored their teases"; "his ribbing was gentle but persistent"
subtype: #witch-hunt__witchhunt searching out and harassing dissenters
subtype: #McCarthyism unscrupulously accusing people of disloyalty (as by saying they were Communists)
subtype: #maltreatment__ill-treatment__illtreatment__ill-usage__illusage__abuse cruel or inhumane treatment
subtype: #child_abuse__childabuse the physical or emotional or sexual mistreatment of children
subtype: #child_neglect__childneglect failure of caretakers to provide adequate emotional and physical care for a child
subtype: #persecution the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)
subtype: #subjugation__oppression the act of subjugating by cruelty
subtype: #pogrom organized persecution of an ethnic group (especially Jews)
subtype: #torturing__torture the act of torturing someone; "it required unnatural torturing to extract a confession"
subtype: #strappado torture in which a person's hands and tied behind their back and they are lifted off the ground by a rope tied to their wrists and that allowed to drop until their fall is checked by the rope
subtype: #excruciation__crucifixion the infliction of extremely painful punishment or suffering
subtype: #dismemberment__taking_apart the removal of limbs; being cut to pieces
subtype: #inhuman_treatment__inhumantreatment__cruelty a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering
subtype: #impalement the act of piercing with a sharpened stake as a form of punishment or torture
subtype: #inhumanity__atrocity a act of atrocious cruelty
subtype: #brutality__barbarity__barbarism__savagery a brutal barbarous savage act
subtype: #outrage a wantonly cruel act
subtype: #enormity an act of extreme wickedness
subtype: #popery an offensive term for the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church
subtype: #ritual the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
subtype: #solemnization__celebration__solemnisation the public performance of a sacrament or solemn ceremony with all appropriate ritual; "the celebration of marriage"
subtype: #Holy_Communion__Communion the act of participating in the celebration of the Eucharist
subtype: #intercommunion participation in Holy Communion by members of more than one church (eg Catholic and Orthodox)
subtype: #ritualism exaggerated emphasis on the importance of rites or ritualistic forms in worship
subtype: #nudism__naturism the practice of living without clothes for reasons of health
subtype: #transvestism__transvestitism__cross_dressing__crossdressing the practice of adopting the clothes or the manner or the sexual role of the opposite sex
subtype: #recreation__diversion an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates
subtype: #child's_play__child'splay__play play by children that is guided more by imagination than by fixed rules; "Freud believed in the utility of play to a small child"
subtype: #house.child's_play play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults; "the children were playing house"
subtype: #doctor children take the roles of doctor or patient or nurse and pretend they are at the doctor's office; "the children explored each other's bodies by playing the game of doctor"
subtype: #fireman play in which children take the roles of firemen and pretend to put out a fire
subtype: #pastime__interest a subject or pursuit that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly): "sailing is her favorite pastime"; "his main pastime is gambling"; "he counts reading among his interests"; "they criticized the boy for his limited interests"
subtype: #avocation__by-line__hobby__sideline__spare-time_activity an auxiliary activity
subtype: #speleology__spelaeology the pastime of exploring caves
subtype: #escapism__escape an inclination to retreat from unpleasant realities through diversion or fantasy; "he escaped into romantic novels"; "his alcohol problem was a form of escapism"
subtype: #sport.recreation__athletics__athletic an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition
subtype: #contact_sport__contactsport a sport that necessarily involves body contact between opposing players
subtype: #boxing__pugilism__fisticuffs fighting with the fists
subtype: #professional_boxing boxing for money
subtype: #in-fighting.boxing__infighting boxing at close quarters
subtype: #fight.boxing__bout a boxing match; "the fight was on television last night"
subtype: #sparring making the motions of attack and defense with the fists and arms; a part of training for a boxer
subtype: #wrestling__rassling__grappling the sport of hand-to-hand struggle between unarmed contestants who try to throw each other down
subtype: #professional_wrestling wrestling for money
subtype: #flying_mare a wrestling maneuver
subtype: #ice_hockey__icehockey__hockey__hockey_game a game played on an ice rink by two opposing teams of 6 skaters each who try to knock a flat round puck into the opponents' goal with hockey sticks
subtype: #football any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal
subtype: #American_football a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays
subtype: #professional_football playing football for money
subtype: #touch_football__touchfootball a version of football in which the ball carrier is touched rather than tackled
subtype: #rugby_football__rugbyfootball__rugby__rugger (British) a form of football played with an oval ball
subtype: #soccer__association_football__associationfootball a football game in which two teams of 11 players try to kick or head a ball into the opponents' goal
subtype: #outdoor_sport__outdoorsport__field_sport__fieldsport a sport that is played outdoors
subtype: #hunt.outdoor_sport__hunting the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport
subtype: #battue a hunt in which beaters force the game to flee in the direction of the hunter
subtype: #beagling hunting rabbits with beagles
subtype: #coursing hunting with dogs that are trained to chase game by sight instead of by scent
subtype: #deer_hunting__deer_hunt hunting deer
subtype: #ducking__duck_hunting hunting ducks
subtype: #fox_hunting__foxhunting__foxhunt mounted hunters follow hounds in pursuit of a fox
subtype: #pigsticking the sport of hunting wild boar with spears
subtype: #fishing the act of someone who fishes as a diversion
subtype: #angling fishing with a hook and line (and usually a pole)
subtype: #fly-fishing__flyfishing angling with an artificial fly as a lure
subtype: #casting.fishing__cast the act of throwing a fishing line out over the water by means of a rod and reel
subtype: #bait_casting the single-handed rod casting of a relatively heavy (artificial) bait
subtype: #fly_casting casting an artificial fly as a lure
subtype: #overcast a cast that falls beyond the intended spot
subtype: #surf_casting__surf_fishing casting (artificial) bait far out into the ocean (up to 200 yards) with the waves breaking around you
subtype: #gymnastics a sport that involves exercises intended to display strength and balance and agility
subtype: #acrobatics__tumbling the gymnastic moves of an acrobat
subtype: #track_and_field__trackandfield participating in athletic sports performed on a running track or on the field associated with it
subtype: #track__running the act of participating in an athletic competition involving running on a track
subtype: #jumping the act of participating in an athletic competition in which you must jump
subtype: #jumping_up_and_down jumping in one spot (as in excitement); "the wailing and jumping up and down exhausted him"
subtype: #skiing a sport in which participants must travel on skis
subtype: #cross-country_skiing__crosscountryskiing the sport of skiing across the countryside (rather than downhill)
subtype: #ski_jumping__skijumping the act of performing a jump of skis from a high ramp overhanging a snow covered slope
subtype: #water_sport__watersport__aquatics sports that involve bodies of water
subtype: #swimming__swim the act of swimming
subtype: #bathe the act of swimming; "the Englishman said he had a good bathe"
subtype: #dip__plunge a brief swim in water
subtype: #dive__diving a headlong plunge into water
subtype: #belly_flop__bellyflop__belly_flopper__bellyflopper__belly_whop__bellywhop__belly_whopper__bellywhopper a dive in which the abdomen bears the main force of impact with the water
subtype: #cliff_diving__cliffdiving diving into the water from a steep overhanging cliff
subtype: #flip a dive in which the diver somersaults before entering the water
subtype: #full_gainer__gainer a dive in which the diver throws the feet forward to complete a full backward somersault and enters the water feet first and facing away from the diving board
subtype: #half_gainer a dive in which the diver throws the feet forward and up to complete a half backward somersault and enters the water facing the diving board
subtype: #jackknife a dive in which the diver bends to touch the ankles before straightening out
subtype: #swan_dive__swallow_dive__swallowdive a dive in which the diver arches the back with arms outstretched before entering the water
subtype: #skin_diving__skin-dive underwater swimming with a breathing apparatus
subtype: #scuba_diving__scubadiving skin diving with scuba apparatus
subtype: #snorkeling__snorkel_diving__snorkeldiving skin diving with a snorkel
subtype: #surfing__surfboarding__surfriding the sport of riding a surfboard toward the shore on the crest of a wave
subtype: #water-skiing__waterskiing skiing on water while being towed by a motorboat
subtype: #rowing__row the act of rowing as a sport
subtype: #crab.rowing a stroke of the oar that either misses the water or digs too deeply; "he caught a crab and lost the race"
subtype: #sculling rowing by a single oarsman in a racing shell
subtype: #archery the sport of shooting arrows with a bow
subtype: #sledding the sport of riding on a sled or sleigh
subtype: #tobogganing riding on a long light sled with low handrails
subtype: #luging riding a light one-man toboggan
subtype: #bobsledding riding on a bobsled
subtype: #skating the sport of gliding on skates
subtype: #ice_skating__iceskating skating on ice
subtype: #figure_skating ice skating where the skates trace outlines of selected figures
subtype: #roller_skating skating on wheels
subtype: #skateboarding the sport of skating on a skateboard
subtype: #racing the sport of engaging in contests of speed
subtype: #boat_racing the sport of racing boats
subtype: #hydroplane_racing racing in high-speed motor boats
subtype: #camel_racing__camelracing the sport of racing camels
subtype: #greyhound_racing__greyhoundracing the sport of racing greyhounds
subtype: #horse_racing__horseracing the sport of racing horses
subtype: #equitation__riding__horseback_riding__horsebackriding riding a horse as a sport
subtype: #equestrian_sport a sport that tests horsemanship
subtype: #dressage maneuvers of a horse in response to body signals by the rider
subtype: #curvet__vaulting a light leap by a horse in which both hind legs leave the ground before the forelegs come down
subtype: #piaffe a cadenced trot executed by the horse in one spot
subtype: #showjumping__stadium_jumping__stadiumjumping riding horses in competitions over set courses to demonstrate skill in jumping over obstacles
subtype: #cross-country_riding__crosscountryriding__cross-country_jumping__crosscountryjumping riding horses across country over obstructions to demonstrate horsemanship
subtype: #three-day_event__threedayevent an equestrian competition; the first day is dressage; the second is cross-country jumping; the third is stadium jumping
subtype: #pony-trekking (British) a sport in which people ride across country on ponies
subtype: #cycling the sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle
subtype: #bicycling riding a bicycle
subtype: #motorcycling riding a motorcycle; "motorcycling is a dangerous sport"
subtype: #dune_cycling bicycling or motorcycling on sand dunes
subtype: #bloodsport sport that involves killing animals (especially hunting)
subtype: #bullfighting the activity at a bullfight
subtype: #cockfighting participation in the sport of matching gamecocks in a cockfight
subtype: #hunt.outdoor_sport__hunting the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport
subtype: #athletic_game a game involving athletic activity
subtype: #ice_hockey__icehockey__hockey__hockey_game a game played on an ice rink by two opposing teams of 6 skaters each who try to knock a flat round puck into the opponents' goal with hockey sticks
subtype: #tetherball a game with two players who use rackets to strike a ball that is tethered to the top of a pole; the object is to wrap the string around the pole
subtype: #water_polo__waterpolo a game played in a swimming pool by two teams of swimmers who try to throw an inflated ball into the opponents' goal
subtype: #outdoor_game__outdoorgame an athletic game that is played outdoors
subtype: #day_game__daygame a game played in daylight
subtype: #night_game__nightgame a game played under artificial illumination at night
subtype: #golf_game__golf a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes
subtype: #professional_golf playing golf for money
subtype: #round_of_golf__round the activity of playing 18 holes of golf; "a round of golf takes about 4 hours"
subtype: #medal_play__medalplay__stroke_play golf scoring by total strokes taken
subtype: #match_play__matchplay golf scoring by holes won
subtype: #miniature_golf__miniaturegolf a novelty version of golf played with golf balls and putters on a miniature course featuring many obstacles
subtype: #clock_golf__clockgolf a form of golf in which you putt from positions arranged on the circumference of a circle around the hole
subtype: #croquet a game in which players hit a wooden ball through a series of hoops; the winner is the first to traverse all the hoops and hit a peg
subtype: #quoits__horseshoes a game in which quoits or horseshoes are thrown at a stake in the ground in the hope of encircling it
subtype: #shuffleboard__shovelboard a game in which players use long sticks to shove wooden disks onto the scoring area marked on a smooth surface
subtype: #field_game__fieldgame an outdoor game played on a field of specified dimensions
subtype: #field_hockey__fieldhockey__hockey hockey played on a field; two opposing teams use curved sticks to drive a ball into the opponents' net
subtype: #football any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal
subtype: #hurling a traditional Irish game resembling hockey; played by two teams of 15 players each
subtype: #ball_game__ballgame a field game played with a ball (especially baseball);
subtype: #baseball_game__baseball__ball a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of 9 players; teams take turns at bat trying to score run; "he played baseball in high school"; "there was a baseball game on every empy lot"; "there was a desire for National League ball in the area"; "play ball!"
subtype: #professional_baseball playing baseball for money
subtype: #hardball baseball as distinguished from softball
subtype: #perfect_game__perfectgame a game in which a pitcher does not allow any opposing player to reach base
subtype: #no-hit_game__no-hitter a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team no hits
subtype: #one-hitter__onehitter__1-hitter__1hitter a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team only one hit
subtype: #two-hitter__twohitter__2-hitter__2hitter a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team only 2 hits
subtype: #three-hitter__threehitter__3-hitter__3hitter a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team only 3 hits
subtype: #four-hitter__4-hitter__4hitter a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team 4 hits
subtype: #five-hitter__5-hitter__5hitter a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team 5 hits
subtype: #softball_game__softball a game closely resembling baseball that is played on a smaller diamond and with a ball that is larger and softer
subtype: #rounders an English ball game similar to baseball
subtype: #stickball_game__stickballgame__stickball a form of baseball played in the streets with a rubber ball and broomstick handle
subtype: #cricket a game played with a ball and bat by two teams of 11 players; teams take turns trying to score runs
subtype: #lacrosse a game invented by American indians; now played by two teams who use long-handled rackets to catch and carry and throw the ball toward the opponents' goal
subtype: #polo a game similar to field hockey but played on horseback using long-handled mallets and a wooden ball
subtype: #pushball a game using a leather-covered ball 6 feet in diameter; the two side try to push it across the opponents' goal
subtype: #ultimate_frisbee a game between two teams whose players try to toss a Frisbee to one another until they cross the opponents goal; possession changes hands when the frisbee is intercepted or touches the ground or goes out of bounds
subtype: #court_game__courtgame an athletic game played on a court
subtype: #handball a game played in a walled court or against a single wall by two or four players who strike a rubber ball with their hands
subtype: #racquetball a game played on a handball court with short-handled rackets
subtype: #fives__five (British) a game resembling handball; played on a court with a front wall and two side walls
subtype: #squash_racquets__squash__squash_rackets a game played in an enclosed court by two or four players who strike the ball with long-handled rackets
subtype: #volleyball_game__volleyball a game in which two teams hit an inflated ball over a high net using their hands
subtype: #jai_alai__jaialai a Basque or Spanish game played in a court with a ball and a wickerwork racket
subtype: #badminton a game played on a court with light long-handled rackets used to volley a shuttlecock over a net
subtype: #battledore_and_shuttlecock__battledore an ancient racket game
subtype: #singles.badminton__single badminton played with one person on each side
subtype: #doubles.badminton__double badminton played with two players on each side
subtype: #basketball_game__basketball a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the basketball through an elevated horizontal hoop
subtype: #professional_basketball playing basketball for money
subtype: #deck_tennis game played mainly on board ocean liners; players toss a ring back and form over a net that is stretched across a small court
subtype: #netball a team game that resembles basketball; a soccer ball is to be thrown so that it passes through a ring on the top of a post
subtype: #lawn_tennis__tennis a game played with rackets by two or four players who hit a ball back and forth over a net that divides the court
subtype: #professional_tennis playing tennis for money
subtype: #singles__single tennis played with one person on each side
subtype: #doubles__double tennis played with two players on each side
subtype: #royal_tennis__real_tennis__court_tennis an ancient form of tennis played in a four-walled court
subtype: #pallone an Italian game similar to tennis
subtype: #judo a sport adapted from jujitsu (using principles of not resisting) and similar to wrestling; developed in Japan
subtype: #bathing immersing the body in water or sunshine
subtype: #sea_bathing__seabathing bathing in the sea or ocean
subtype: #sun_bathing__sunbathing immersing the body in sunlight
subtype: #game.recreation an amusement or pastime; "he thought of his painting as a game that filled his empty time"; "his life was all fun and games"
subtype: #catch a cooperative game in which a ball is passed back and forth; "he played catch with his son in the backyard"
subtype: #party_game__partygame a game to amuse guests at a party
subtype: #computer_game__video_game__videogame a game played against a computer
subtype: #virtual_reality__virtualreality a hypothetical three-dimensional visual world created by a computer; user wears special goggles and fiber optic gloves etc., and can enter and move about in this world and interact with objects as if inside it
subtype: #pinball_game__pinballgame__pinball a game played on a sloping board; the object is to propel marbles against pins or into pockets
subtype: #pachinko a Japanese pinball game played on a vertical board
subtype: #guessing_game a game in which participants compete to identify some obscurely indicated thing
subtype: #charades player acts out a phrase for others to guess
subtype: #ducks_and_drakes a game in which a flat stone is bounced along the surface of calm water
subtype: #paper_chase__paperchase__hare_and_hounds an outdoor game; the hares start off on a long run scattering bits of paper (the scent) and the hounds try to catch them before they reach a designated spot
subtype: #ring-around-the-rosy__ring-around-a-rosy__ring-a-rosy a children's game in which the players dance around in a circle and at a given signal all squat
subtype: #prisoner's_base a children's game; two teams capture opposing players by tagging them and taking them to their own base
subtype: #treasure_hunt a game in which players try to find hidden articles by using a series of clues
subtype: #gambling__gaming__play the act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning (including the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize); "his gambling cost him a fortune"; "there was heavy play at the blackjack table"
subtype: #sporting_life active interest in gambling on sports events
subtype: #bet__wager the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet"
subtype: #daily_double__dailydouble a single bet on two horse races in the same day
subtype: #exacta__perfecta a bet that you can pick the first and second finishers in the right order
subtype: #parimutuel betting where winners share the total amount wagered
subtype: #place_bet__placebet a bet that a horse will finish a race no worse than second
subtype: #superfecta a bet that you can pick the first four finishers in a race in the right order
subtype: #game_of_chance__gambling_game a game that involves gambling
subtype: #fantan a Chinese gambling game; a random number of counters are placed under a bowl and you gamble on how many will be left (0 or 1 or 2 or 3) modulo 4
subtype: #lottery.game_of_chance__drawing players buy chances and prizes are distributed according to the drawing of lots
subtype: #tombola (British) a lottery in which tickets are drawn from a revolving drum
subtype: #numbers_pool__numberspool__numbers_game__numbersgame__numbers_racket__numbersracket__numbers__number an illegal daily lottery
subtype: #raffle a lottery in which the prizes are goods rather than money
subtype: #sweepstake__sweepstakes__sweepstake a lottery in which the prize consists of the money paid by the participants
subtype: #crap_shooting__craps__crap__crap_game a gambling game using two dice
subtype: #roulette a gambling game in which players bet on which compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball will come to rest in
subtype: #banking_game__bankinggame any gambling game in which bets are laid against the gambling house or the dealer
subtype: #unlicensed_gambling unlicensed gambling is illegal in most jurisdictions
subtype: #throw.gambling the throwing of an object in order to determine an outcome randomly; "he risked his fortune on a throw of the dice"
subtype: #cast__roll the act of throwing dice
subtype: #natural (in craps) a first roll of 7 or 11 that immediately wins the stake
subtype: #flip.throw__toss the act of flipping a coin
subtype: #festivity__celebration any joyous diversion
subtype: #merrymaking__jollification boisterous celebration
subtype: #high_jinks__jinks__jink__hijinks__high_jinx noisy and mischievous merrymaking
subtype: #revel__revelry unrestrained merrymaking
subtype: #spree__fling a brief indulgence of your impulses
subtype: #binge__bust__tear__bout an occasion for excessive eating or drinking; "they went on a bust that lasted three days"
subtype: #piss-up (British) vulgar expression for a bout of heavy drinking
subtype: #carouse__carousal__bender__toot__booze-up__boozeup revelry in drinking; a merry drinking party
subtype: #debauch__orgy__debauchery__saturnalia__riot__bacchanal__bacchanalia__drunken_revelry__drunkenrevelry a wild gathering involving excessive drinking and promiscuity
subtype: #whoopee noisy and boisterous revelry
subtype: #Olympian_Games__Olympic_Games__olympicgame the ancient Panhellenic celebration at Olympia in honor of Zeus; held every 4 years beginning in 776 BC
subtype: #Isthmian_Games ancient games held biennially on the Isthmus of Corinth in the first and third years of each Olympiad
subtype: #fete__festival an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place); "a drama festival"
subtype: #carnival a festival marked by merrymaking and processions
subtype: #Fat_Tuesday__Mardi_Gras the pre-Lenten festival of Shrove Tuesday
subtype: #Dionysia__Bacchanalia an orgiastic festival in ancient Greece in honor of Dionysus (= Bacchus)
subtype: #eisteddfod any of several annual Welsh festivals involving artistic competitions (especially in singing)
subtype: #Royal_National_Eisteddfod an eisteddfod with competitions in music and drama and poetry and the fine arts
subtype: #film_festival a cinematic festival that features films (usually films produced during the past year)
subtype: #jazz_festival a festival that features performances by jazz artists
subtype: #Kwanzaa__Kwanza a festival featuring African-American culture; celebrated between Christmas and New Years
subtype: #Saturnalia an orgiastic festival in ancient Rome in honor of Saturn
subtype: #sheepshearing.fete festival at the time of sheepshearing
subtype: #gala_affair__gala__jamboree__blowout a gay festivity
subtype: #victory_celebration__victorycelebration a celebration following a victory in a battle or sports competition
subtype: #escapade__lark any carefree episode
subtype: #frolic__play__romp__gambol__caper gay or light-hearted recreational activity for diversion or amusement; "it was all done in play"; "their frolic in the surf threatened to become ugly"
subtype: #flirt__flirting__flirtation__coquetry__dalliance__toying playful behavior intended to arouse sexual interest
subtype: #foolery__folly__tomfoolery__indulgence foolish or senseless behavior
subtype: #buffoonery__clowning__frivolity__harlequinade__prank acting like a clown or buffoon
subtype: #horseplay rowdy or boisterous play
subtype: #teasing playful vexation; "the parody was just a form of teasing"
subtype: #word_play playing on words or speech sounds
subtype: #fun.recreation__merriment__playfulness__playfulnes activities that are enjoyable or amusing; "I do it for the fun of it"; "he is fun to have around"
subtype: #antic__joke__prank__trick__caper__put-on__puton a ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement
subtype: #dirty_trick__dirtytrick an unkind or aggressive trick
subtype: #practical_joke__practicaljoke a prank or trick played on a person especially one intended to make the victim appear foolish
subtype: #April_fool a practical joke or trick played on April Fools' day
subtype: #rag (British) a boisterous practical joke (especially by college students)
subtype: #jocularity__jest__joke activity characterized by good humor
subtype: #drollery__waggery a quaint and amusing jest
subtype: #leg-pull__legpull__legpulling as a joke: trying to make somebody believe something that is not true
subtype: #pleasantry an agreeable or amusing remark; "they exchange pleasantries"
subtype: #entertainment__amusement an activity that entertains
subtype: #extravaganza any lavishly staged or spectacular entertainment
subtype: #show a public entertainment or exhibition; "a remarkable show of skill"
subtype: #funfair__carnival__fair a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc.
subtype: #dog_show__dogshow a competitive exhibition of dogs
subtype: #horseshow a competitive exhibition of horses
subtype: #raree-show__rareeshow a street show
subtype: #circus performance given by a traveling company of acrobats clowns and trained animals; "the children always love to go to the circus"
subtype: #three-ring_circus a circus with simultaneous performances in three rings
subtype: #floorshow__cabaret__floor_show__floorshow a series of acts at a night club
subtype: #ice_show__iceshow any entertainment performed by ice skaters
subtype: #interlude.show__intermezzo__entr'acte a brief show (music or dance etc) performed between the sections of another performance
subtype: #showing__display__exhibit something shown to the public; "the museum had many exhibits of oriental art"
subtype: #parade a visible display; "she made a parade of her sorrows"
subtype: #light_show__lightshow a display of colored lights moving in shifting patterns
subtype: #presentation.show__presentment__demonstration the act of presenting something; "he gave the customer a demonstration"
subtype: #exhibition the act of exhibiting; "a remarkable exhibition of musicianship"
subtype: #production.exhibition (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law; "the appellate court demanded the production of all documents"
subtype: #rodeo an exhibition of cowboy skills
subtype: #performance the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment; "we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal"; "an inspired performance of Mozart's C minor concerto"
subtype: #dramatic_production__dramatic_performance a performance of a drama
subtype: #encore an extra or repeated performance; usually given in response to audience demand
subtype: #extemporization__extemporisation__improvisation a performance given without planning or preparation
subtype: #juggle__juggling throwing and catching several objects simultaneously
subtype: #magic_trick__magictrick__conjuring_trick__conjuringtrick__trick__magic__legerdemain__illusion__deception an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers
subtype: #card_trick a trick performed with playing cards
subtype: #prestidigitation__sleight_of_hand manual dexterity in the execution of tricks
subtype: #musical_performance__musicalperformance act of performing music
subtype: #playing the act of playing a musical instrument
subtype: #bowing managing the bow in playing a stringed instrument; "the violinist's bowing was excellent"
subtype: #spiccato_bowing__spiccato bowing in such a way that the bow bounces lightly off the strings
subtype: #piping playing a pipe or the bagpipes
subtype: #stopping the kind of playing that involves pressing the fingers on the strings of a stringed instrument to control the pitch; "the violinist's stopping was excellent"
subtype: #double_stopping stopping two strings and producing two notes at the same time
subtype: #jam_session__jamsession an impromptu jazz concert
subtype: #one-night_stand__onenightstand a performance in one place on one night only
subtype: #rendition.performance__rendering__interpretation the act of interpreting something as expressed in an artistic performance
subtype: #reinterpretation a new or different interpretation
subtype: #swan_song__last_hurrah a final performance or effort (especially before retirement)
subtype: #program.performance__programme a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation; "the program lasted more than two hours"
subtype: #bill.program the entertainment offered at a public presentation
subtype: #lecture_demonstration__lecturedemonstration presentation of an example of what the lecturer is discoursing about
subtype: #demonstration a show of military force or preparedness; "he confused the enemy with feints and demonstrations"
subtype: #road_show a show on tour
subtype: #sideshow a minor show that is part of a larger one (as at the circus)
subtype: #beguilement__distraction an entertainment that provokes pleased interest and distracts you from worries and vexations
subtype: #dancing__dance__terpsichore taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music
subtype: #break_dancing__breakdancing__break_dance__breakdance a form of solo dancing that involves rapid acrobatic moves in which different parts of the body touch the ground; normally performed to the rhythm of rap music
subtype: #nautch_dance__nautch__nauch an intricate traditional dance in India performed by professional dancing girls
subtype: #pavane__pavan a stately court dance of the 16th and 17th centuries
subtype: #saraband a stately court dance of the 17th and 18th centuries; in slow time
subtype: #slam_dancing__slam_dance a form of dancing in which dancers slam into one another; normally performed to punk rock
subtype: #step_dancing__hoofing dancing in which the steps are more important than gestures or postures
subtype: #tap_dancing__tapdancing__tap_dance__tapdance a dance step tapped out audibly with the feet
subtype: #soft-shoe_shuffle__soft-shoe__soft-shoe_dancing tap dancing wearing soft-soled shoes
subtype: #buck-and-wing a solo tap dance emphasizing sharp taps
subtype: #clog_dance__clog_dancing__clog a dance performed while wearing clogs; has heavy stamping steps
subtype: #toe_dancing__toedancing__toe_dance__toedance a dance performed on tiptoe
subtype: #stage_dancing__stagedancing__choreography artistic dancing
subtype: #concert_dance__concertdance__ballet a theatrical representation of a story performed to music by ballet dancers
subtype: #classical_ballet__classicalballet a style of ballet based on precise conventional steps performed with graceful and flowing movements
subtype: #modern_ballet a style of ballet that admits a wider variety of movements
subtype: #comedy_ballet a ballet that stresses the drama with features of comedy
subtype: #modern_dance a style of theatrical dancing that is not as restricted as classical ballet; movements are expressive of feelings
subtype: #interpretive_dance__interpretive_dancing__interpretative_dance__interpretative_dancing a form of modern dance in which the dancer's movements depict an emotion or tell a story
subtype: #apache_dance a violent fast dance in French vaudeville (an apache is a member of the French underworld)
subtype: #belly_dance__bellydance__belly_dancing__bellydancing__danse_du_ventre a Middle Eastern dance in which the dancer makes sensuous movements of the hips and abdomen
subtype: #bolero a Spanish dance in triple time accompanied by guitar and castanets
subtype: #cakewalk a strutting dance based on a march; was performed in minstrel shows; originated as a competition among Black dancers to win a cake
subtype: #cancan a high-kicking dance of French origin performed by a female chorus line
subtype: #nude_dancing erotic dancing with little or no clothing
subtype: #fan_dance__fandance a solo dance in which large fans are manipulated to suggest or reveal nakedness
subtype: #striptease__strip a form of entertainment in which a dancer undresses to music; "she did a strip right in front of everyone"
subtype: #bubble_dance a solo dance similar to a fan dance except large balloons are used instead of fans
subtype: #pas_seul__passeul a solo dance or dance figure
subtype: #pas_de_deux__duet a dance for two people (usually a ballerina and a danseur noble)
subtype: #social_dancing dancing as part of a social occasion
subtype: #jitterbug a jerky American dance that was popular in the 1940s
subtype: #lindy_hop__lindyhop__lindy an energetic American dance that was popular in the 1930s (probably named for the aviator Charles Lindbergh)
subtype: #fandango a provocative Spanish courtship dance in triple time; performed by a man and a woman playing castanets
subtype: #flamenco__gypsy_dancing__gypsydancing a style of dancing characteristic of the Andalusian gypsies; vigorous and rhythmic with clapping and stamping of feet
subtype: #gavotte an old formal French dance in quadruple time
subtype: #shag a lively dance step consisting of hopping on each foot in turn
subtype: #stomp a dance involving a rhythmical stamping step
subtype: #tarantelle__tarantella a lively whirling Italian dance for two persons
subtype: #ballroom_dancing__ballroom_dance any of a variety of social dances performed by couples in a ballroom
subtype: #beguine a ballroom dance that originated in the French West Indies; similar to the rumba
subtype: #carioca a lively ballroom dance that resembles the samba
subtype: #cha-cha-cha__chachacha__cha-cha__chacha a modern ballroom dance from Latin America; small steps and swaying movements of the hips
subtype: #one-step__onestep an early ballroom dance; precursor to the fox-trot
subtype: #turkey_trot an early ragtime one-step
subtype: #fox-trot__foxtrot a ballroom dance in quadruple time; combines short and long and fast and slow steps fixed sequences
subtype: #two-step__twostep a ballroom dance in duple meter; marked by sliding steps
subtype: #bunny_hug__bunnyhug a syncopated ballroom dance formerly popular in the US
subtype: #charleston an American ballroom dance in syncopated rhythm; popular early in the 20th century
subtype: #conga a Latin American dance of 3 steps and a kick by people in single file
subtype: #cotillion__cotilion a lively dance originating in France in the 18th century
subtype: #minuet a stately court dance in the 17th century
subtype: #paso_doble a ballroom dance in fast duple time
subtype: #quickstep a ballroom dance with both quick and slow steps
subtype: #rumba a ballroom dance based on the Cuban folk dance
subtype: #samba.ballroom_dancing a lively ballroom dance from Brazil
subtype: #round_dancing__rounddancing__round_dance__rounddance a ballroom dance characterized by revolving movement
subtype: #tango a ballroom dance of Latin-American origin
subtype: #valse__waltz a ballroom dance in triple time with a strong accent on the first beat
subtype: #folk_dancing__folk_dance a style of dancing that originated among ordinary people (not in the royal courts)
subtype: #farandole a lively dance from Provence; all the dancers join hands and execute various figures
subtype: #mazurka a Polish national dance in triple time
subtype: #polka a Bohemian dance with 3 steps and a hop in fast time
subtype: #morris_dance__morris_dancing any of various English folk dances performed by men in costume
subtype: #sword_dance__sworddance__sword_dancing__sworddancing any of various dances by men who step nimbly over swords or flourish them in the air
subtype: #rumba.folk_dancing a rhythmic syncopated Cuban folk dance in duple time
subtype: #hornpipe a British solo dance performed by sailors
subtype: #jig any of various old rustic dances involving kicking and leaping
subtype: #country-dance__countrydance__country_dancing__countrydancing__contredanse__contra_danse a type of folk dance in which couples are arranged in sets or face one another in a line
subtype: #longways_dance__longways country dancing performed with couples in two long lines facing each other
subtype: #Virginia_reel__reel an American country dance which starts with the couples facing each other in two lines
subtype: #square_dance__square_dancing American country dancing in which couples form squares
subtype: #Scottish_reel__reel a lively dance of Scottish highlanders; marked by circular moves and gliding steps
subtype: #highland_fling a vigorous Scottish reel
subtype: #eightsome a Scottish reel for eight dancers
subtype: #quadrille a square dance of 5 or more figures for 4 or more couples
subtype: #lancers a quadrille for 8 or 16 couples
subtype: #do-si-do a square-dance figure; two dancers approach each other and circle back to back before returning to their original places
subtype: #promenade.country-dance a square dance figure; couples march counterclockwise in a circle
subtype: #sashay a square dance figure; partners circle each other taking sideways steps
subtype: #swing.country-dance a square dance figure; a pair of dancers join hands and dance around a point between them
subtype: #landler a moderately slow Austrian country dance in triple time; involves spinning and clapping
subtype: #round_dance__rounddance a folk dance; dancers form a circle
subtype: #schottische a German round dance resembling a slow polka
subtype: #ritual_dancing__ritual_dance__ceremonial_dance a dance that is part of a religious ritual
subtype: #apache_devil_dance a ritual dance of the Apache Indians
subtype: #danse_macabre__dansemacabre__dance_of_death a medieval dance in which a skeleton representing death leads a procession of others to the grave
subtype: #ghost_dance__ghostdance a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead
subtype: #pyrrhic an ancient Greek dance imitating the motions of warfare
subtype: #rain_dance a ritual dance intended to bring rain
subtype: #corn_dance a rain dance of Amerindians
subtype: #hula-hula__hula__Hawaiian_dancing a Polynesian rain dance performed by a woman
subtype: #snake_dance__snakedance a ceremonial dance (as by the American Hopi Indians) in which snakes are handled or invoked
subtype: #sun_dance__sundance a ceremonial dance performed by Amerindians at the summer solstice
subtype: #war_dance__wardance a ceremonial dance performed before a battle or after a victory
subtype: #eurythmy__eurhythmy__eurythmics__eurhythmics__eurhythmic the interpretation in harmonious bodily movements of the rhythm of musical compositions; used to teach musical understanding
subtype: #music.recreation a musical diversion; "his music was his central interest"
subtype: #cup_of_tea__bag__dish an activity that you like or at which you are superior; "chemistry is not my cup of tea"; "his bag now is learning to play golf"; "marriage was scarcely his dish"
subtype: #game.activity a contest with rules to determine a winner; "you need four people to play this game"
subtype: #curling (Scotland) a game played on ice; curling stones (heavy stones with handles) are slid toward a target
subtype: #bowling.game a game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over
subtype: #tenpins__tenpin_bowling bowling down an alley at a target of ten wooden pins
subtype: #ninepins__skittles bowling down an alley at a target of nine wooden pins
subtype: #duckpins a bowling game using a pin smaller than a tenpin but proportionately wider
subtype: #candlepins__candlepin_bowling__candlepinbowling a bowling game using slender bowling pins
subtype: #lawn_bowling a bowling game played on a lawn with wooden balls that are rolled at a jack
subtype: #bocce__bocci__boccie Italian lawn bowling (played on a long narrow dirt court)
subtype: #bowls__bowl lawn bowling at a jack using biased wooden balls
subtype: #pall-mall a 17th century game; a wooden ball was driven along an alley with a mallet
subtype: #athletic_game a game involving athletic activity
subtype: #child's_game__child'sgame a game enjoyed by children
subtype: #blindman's_buff a children's game in which a blindfolded player tries to catch and identify other players
subtype: #cat's_cradle__cat'scradle game played with string looped over the fingers
subtype: #hide-and-seek__hide_and_go_seek a child covers his eyes while the other players hide then tries to find them
subtype: #hopscotch a child tosses a stone into an area drawn on the ground and then hops through it and back to regain the stone
subtype: #knucklebones__jacks__jack__jackstones a game in which jackstones are thrown and picked up in various groups between bounces of a small rubber ball
subtype: #jackstraws__spillikins a game in which players try to pick each jackstraw (or spillikin) off of a pile without moving any of the others
subtype: #leapfrog.child's_game one child bends down and another leaps over
subtype: #marbles__marble a children's game played with little balls made of a hard substance (as glass)
subtype: #mumblety-peg__mumble-the-peg a game in which players throw or flip a jackknife in various ways so that the knife sticks in the ground
subtype: #musical_chairs N players march around N-1 chairs; when the music stops the player who did not find a chair is eliminated; then a chair is removed and the march resumed until only the winner is seated
subtype: #peekaboo__bopeep a game played with young children; you hide your face and suddenly reveal it as you say Boo!
subtype: #pillow_fight a child's game of fighting with pillows
subtype: #post_office a children's game in which kisses are exchanged for pretended letters
subtype: #spin_the_bottle a game in which a player spins a bottle and kisses the person that it points to when it stops spinning
subtype: #spin_the_plate__spin_the_platter a game in which something round (as a plate) is spun on edge and the name of a player is called; the named player must catch the spinning object before it falls or pay a forfeit
subtype: #tag.child's_game one child chases the others; the one who is caught becomes the next chaser
subtype: #tiddlywinks a game in which players try to flip plastic disks into a cup by pressing them on the side sharply with a larger disk
subtype: #card_game__cards__card a game played with playing cards
subtype: #all_fours__allfour__high-low-jack card games in which points are won for taking the high or low or jack or game
subtype: #cinch a form of all fours in which the players bid for the privilege of naming trumps
subtype: #auction_pitch__auctionpitch__pitch an all-fours game in which the first card led is a trump
subtype: #seven-up__sevenup__old_sledge__oldsledge a form of all fours in which a total of seven points is game
subtype: #baccarat__chemin_de_fer a card game played in casinos in which two or more punters gamble against the banker; the player wins who holds 2 or 3 cars that total closest to nine
subtype: #blackjack__twentyone__vingt-et-un a card game in which the object is to hold cards having a higher count than those dealt to the bank up to but not exceeding 21
subtype: #bridge.card_game any of various card games based on whist for four players
subtype: #bridge_whist the earliest form of bridge; the dealer could name the trump suit
subtype: #auction_bridge__auctionbridge__auction a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge
subtype: #contract_bridge__contract a variety of bridge in which the bidder receives points toward game only for the number of tricks he bid
subtype: #casino__cassino a card game in which cards face up on the table are taken with eligible cards in the hand
subtype: #royal_casino__royalcasino a form of casino in which face cards have extra point values
subtype: #spade_casino__spadecasino a form of casino in which spades have the value of one point
subtype: #cribbage__crib a card game in which each player is dealt 6 cards and discards one or two to make up the crib
subtype: #ecarte a card game for 2 players; played with 32 cards and king high
subtype: #euchre__five_hundred a card game similar to ecarte; each player is dealt 5 cards and the player making trump must take 3 tricks to win a hand
subtype: #sevens__fantan__parliament a card game in which you play your sevens and other cards in sequence in the same suit as their sevens; you win if you are the first to use all your cards
subtype: #faro a card game in which players bet against the dealer on the cards he will draw from a dealing box
subtype: #Go_fish a card game for two players who try to assemble books of cards by asking the opponent for particular cards
subtype: #three-card_monte__monte__four-card_monte a gambling card game of Spanish origin; 3 or 4 cards are dealt face up and players bet that one of the will be matched before the others as the cards are dealt from the pack one at a time
subtype: #Michigan.card_game__michigan__Chicago__Newmarket__boodle__stops__stop a gambling card game in which chips are placed on the ace and king and queen and jack of separate suits (taken from a separate deck); a player plays the lowest card of a suit in his hand and successively higher cards are played until the sequence stops; the player who plays a card matching one in the layout wins all the chips on that card
subtype: #old_maid__oldmaid a card game using a pack of cards from which one queen has been removed; players match cards and the player holding the unmatched queen at the end of the game is the loser (or `old maid')
subtype: #pinochle__pinocle__penuchle__bezique a card game played with a 48-card pack (two of each suit for high cards); play resembles whist
subtype: #piquet a card game for two players using a reduced pack of 32 cards
subtype: #poker_game__pokergame__poker any of various card games in which players bet that they hold the highest-ranking hand
subtype: #draw_poker__draw poker in which a player can discard cards and receive substitutes from the dealer; "he played only draw and stud"
subtype: #high-low poker in which the high and low hands split the pot
subtype: #penny_ante_poker__penny_ante__pennyante poker played for small stakes
subtype: #straight_poker poker in which each player gets 5 cards face down and bets are made without drawing any further cards
subtype: #strip_poker__strippoker poker in which a player's losses are paid by removing an article of clothing
subtype: #stud_poker__stud poker in which each player receives hole cards and the remainder are dealt face up; bets are placed after each card is dealt
subtype: #rouge_et_noir__trente-et-quarante a card game in which two rows of cards are dealt and players can bet on the color of the cards or on which row will have a count nearer some number
subtype: #rummy__rum a card game based on collecting sets and sequences; the winner is the first to meld all their cards
subtype: #gin_rummy__ginrummy__gin__knock_rummy__knockrummy a form of rummy in which a player can go out if the cards remaining in their hand total less than 10 points
subtype: #canasta__basket_rummy__meld a form of rummy using two decks and four jokers; jokers and deuces are wild; the object is to meld groups of seven of the same rank
subtype: #bolivia a form of canasta in which sequences can be melded
subtype: #samba a form of canasta using three decks and six jokers
subtype: #patience__solitaire a card game played by one person
subtype: #canfield a form of solitaire that involves gambling
subtype: #Russian_bank__crapette solitaire with two players using separate packs
subtype: #short_whist__whist__longwhist a card game for four players who form two partnerships; a pack of 52 cards is dealt and each side scores one point for each trick it takes in excess of six
subtype: #dummy_whist a form of whist with three players; four hands are dealt with the hand opposite the dealer being face up
subtype: #hearts__Black_Maria a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts of the queen of spades
subtype: #table_game__tablegame a game that is played on a table
subtype: #table_tennis__Ping-Pong a game (trade name Ping-Pong) resembling tennis but played on a table with paddles and a light hollow ball
subtype: #dominoes__dominos__domino any of several games played with small rectangular blocks
subtype: #nim game in which matchsticks are arranged in rows and players alternately remove one or more of them; in some versions the object is to take the last remaining matchstick on the table and in other versions the object is to avoid taking the last remaining matchstick on the table
subtype: #billiards__billiard any of several games played on rectangular cloth-covered table (with cushioned edges) in which long tapering cue sticks are used to propel ivory (or composition) balls
subtype: #pocket_billiards__pool any of various games played on a pool table having 6 pockets
subtype: #snooker a form of pool played with 15 red balls and six balls of other colors and a cue ball
subtype: #bar_billiards__barbilliard__bagatelle (British) a table game in which short cues are used to knock balls into holes that are guarded by wooden pegs; penalties are incurred if the pegs are knocked over
subtype: #parlor_game__parlour_game__parlourgame a game suitable for playing in a parlor
subtype: #word_game any game involving the formation or alteration or discovery of words
subtype: #anagrams a game whose object is to form words from a group of randomly chosen letters
subtype: #Scrabble (trademark) a game in which words are formed from letters in patterns similar to a crossword puzzle
subtype: #board_game__boardgame a game played on a specially designed board
subtype: #backgammon a board game for two players; pieces move according to throws of the dice
subtype: #checkers__draughts a checkerboard game for two players who each have 12 pieces; the object is to jump over and so capture the opponent's pieces
subtype: #chess_game__chessgame__chess__ches a game for two players who move their 16 pieces according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king
subtype: #shogi (Japanese) a form of chess played on a board of 81 squares; each player has 20 pieces
subtype: #Chinese_checkers__Chinese_chequers a board game in which each player tries to move a set of marbles through a set of holes from one point of a six-pointed star to the opposite point
subtype: #darts__dart a game in which darts are thrown at a dartboard
subtype: #go_game__go (Japanese) a board game for two players who place counters on a grid; the object is to surround and so capture the opponent's counters
subtype: #halma a board game in which players try to move their pieces into their opponent's bases
subtype: #lotto__bingo__beano__keno a game in which numbered balls are drawn and random and players cover the corresponding numbers on their cards
subtype: #ludo (British) a simple board game in which players move counters according to the throw of dice
subtype: #Mah-Jongg__mahjong Chinese game played by 4 people with 144 tiles
subtype: #Monopoly (trademark) a board game in which players try to gain a monopoly on real estate as pieces advance around the board according to the throw of a die
subtype: #pachisi an ancient board game resembling backgammon; played on a cross-shaped board
subtype: #Parcheesi (trademark) a modern board game based on pachisi
subtype: #shovel_board__shove-halfpenny__shovehalfpenny__shove-ha'penny__shoveha'penny (British) a game in which coins or discs are slid by hand across a board toward a mark
subtype: #ticktacktoe__ticktacktoo__tic-tac-toe__tictactoe__tit-tat-toe__tittattoe__noughts_and_crosses__noughtsandcrosse a game in which two players alternately put crosses and circles in one of the compartments of a 3-by-3 board; the object is to get a row of three crosses or three circles before the opponent does
subtype: #game_of_chance__gambling_game a game that involves gambling
subtype: #turn.activity__play the activity of doing something in an agreed succession; "it is my turn"; "it is still my play"
subtype: #move.turn (games) a player's turn to move a piece or take some other permitted action
subtype: #chess_move__chessmove the act of moving a chess piece
subtype: #castling__castle interchanging the positions of the king and a rook
subtype: #capture the removal of an opponent's piece from the chess board
subtype: #check (chess) a direct attack on an opponent's king
subtype: #discovered_check a check on the opponent's king that is delivered by moving a piece out of the line of attack by a queen or rook or bishop
subtype: #checkmate.chess_move__mate a chess move constituting an inescapable and indefensible attack on the opponent's king
subtype: #gambit a chess move early in the game in which the player sacrifices minor pieces in order to obtain an advantageous position
subtype: #starting__start a turn to be a starter (in a game at the beginning); "he got his start because one of the regular pitchers was in the hospital"; "his starting meant that the coach thought he was one of their best linemen"
subtype: #innings__inning the batting turn of a cricket player or team
subtype: #follow-on an immediate second innings forced on a cricket team scoring a prescribed number of runs fewer than it opponents in the first innings
subtype: #attack.turn an offensive move in a sport or game; "they won the game with a 10-hit attack in the 9th inning"
subtype: #down a complete play to advance the football; "you have 4 downs to gain 10 yards"
subtype: #at-bat__bat a turn batting (in baseball); "he was at bat when it happened" or "he got 4 hits in 4 at-bats"
subtype: #lead.turn the playing of a card to start a trick in bridge; "the lead was in the dummy"
subtype: #trumping__ruff (cards) the act of taking a trick with a trump when unable to follow suit
subtype: #acting__playing__playacting__performing the performance of a part or role in a drama
subtype: #portrayal__enactment acting the part of a character on stage
subtype: #impression.portrayal an impressionistic portrayal of a person; "he did a funny impression of a politician"
subtype: #theatrical_role__character__role__part__persona an actor's portrayal of someone in a play; "she played the part of Desdemona"
subtype: #bit_part__bitpart__minorrole a small role
subtype: #soubrette a minor female role as a pert flirtatious lady's maid in a comedy
subtype: #heavy a serious (or tragic) role in a play
subtype: #hero the principal character in a play or movie or novel or poem
subtype: #ingenue the role of an innocent artless young woman in a play
subtype: #title_role__titlerole__name_part the role of the character after whom the play is named
subtype: #heroine the main good female character in a work of fiction
subtype: #villain the principle bad character in a work of fiction
subtype: #impersonation__personation imitating the mannerisms of another person
subtype: #apery the act of mimicking; imitative behavior
subtype: #parody__mockery humorous or satirical mimicry
subtype: #pantomime__mime__dumb_show a performance using gestures and body movements without words
subtype: #panto (British) an abbreviation of pantomime
subtype: #stage_business__business__byplay incidental activity performed by an actor for dramatic effect; "his business with the cane was hilarious"
subtype: #skit a short theatrical episode
subtype: #hamming__overacting poor acting by a ham actor
subtype: #heroics__heroic ostentatious hammy conduct
subtype: #roleplaying acting a particular role (as in psychotherapy)
subtype: #liveliness__animation general activity and motion
subtype: #burst__fit a sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason); "a burst of applause"; "a fit of housecleaning"
subtype: #snap__cinch__picnic__duck_soup__child's_play__child'splay__pushover__walkover__piece_of_cake any activity that is easy to do; "marketing this product will be no picnic"
subtype: #work activity directed toward making or doing something; "she checked several points needing further work"
subtype: #lavation__wash__washing the work of cleansing (usually with soap and water)
subtype: #ablution__washup__bathing the act of washing yourself (or another person)
subtype: #dishwashing the act of washing dishes
subtype: #washing-up__washingup the washing of dishes etc after a meal
subtype: #window-washing the activity of washing windows
subtype: #rinse washing lightly without soap
subtype: #soak__soaking washing something by allowing it to soak
subtype: #laundering washing clothes and bed linens
subtype: #job.work a damaging piece of work: "dry rot did the job of destroying the barn"; "the barber did a real job on my hair"
subtype: #job the performance of a piece of work; "she did an outstanding job as Ophelia"; "he gave it up as a bad job"
subtype: #operation.work__procedure a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work: "the operations in building a house"; "certain machine tool operations"
subtype: #service work done by one person or group that benefits another; "budget separately for goods and services"
subtype: #facility.service a service that an organization or a piece of equipment offers you; "a cell phone with internet facility"
subtype: #utility the service provided by a utility company; "the cost of utilities never decreases"
subtype: #shining__polishing the work of making something shine by polishing it; "the shining of shoes provided a meager living"
subtype: #shoeshine the act of shining shoes; "he charged a dollar for a shoeshine"
subtype: #heavy_lifting__heavylifting (informal) difficult work; "the boss hoped the plan would succeed but he wasn't willing to do the heavy lifting"
subtype: #housewifery the work of a housewife
subtype: #housework__housekeeping the work of cleaning and running a house
subtype: #ironing the work of ironing washed clothes
subtype: #busywork__make-work active work of little value; "while he was waiting he filled the days with busywork"
subtype: #logging the work of cutting down trees for timber
subtype: #loose_end__looseend__unfinished_business work that is left incomplete
subtype: #nightwork work to be done at night
subtype: #paperwork work that involves handling papers: forms or letters or reports etc.
subtype: #welfare_work__welfarework__social_service an organized activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in society
subtype: #social_work any of various services designed to aid the poor and aged and to increase the welfare of children
subtype: #casework close sociological study of a maladjusted person or family for diagnosis and treatment
subtype: #toil__labor__labour productive work (especially physical work done for wages); "his labor did not require a great deal of skill"
subtype: #roping capturing cattle or horses with a lasso
subtype: #calf_roping capturing a calf with a lasso and binding its feet
subtype: #steer_roping__steerroping capturing a steer with a lasso
subtype: #corvee unpaid labor (as for the maintenance of roads) required by a lord of his vassals in lieu of taxes
subtype: #drudgery__plodding__grind__donkeywork hard monotonous routine work
subtype: #elbow_grease__elbowgrease__effort__exertion__travail__sweat use of physical or mental energy; hard work; "he got an A for effort"; "they managed only with great exertion"
subtype: #struggle strenuous effort; "the struggle to get through the crowd exhausted her"
subtype: #wrestle__wrestling__grapple__grappling__hand-to-hand_struggle the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat; "they had a fierce wrestle"; "we watched his grappling and wrestling with the bully"
subtype: #trouble.elbow_grease an effort that is inconvenient; "I went to a lot of trouble"; "he won without any trouble"; "had difficulty walking"; "finished the test only with great difficulty"
subtype: #least_effort__leasteffort__leastresistance the least effortful way to do something
subtype: #straining__strain an intense or violent exertion
subtype: #physical_exercise__exercise__exercising__physical_exertion__workout the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit; "the doctor recommended regular exercise"; "he did some exercising"; "the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit"
subtype: #kick_up raising the feet backward with the hands on the ground; a first movement in doing a handstand
subtype: #conditioner exercise that conditions the body; "farmwork can be a good conditioner"
subtype: #exercise_set__set several exercises intended to be done in series; "he did four sets of the incline bench press"
subtype: #aerobics__aerobic_exercise__aerobicexercise exercise that increases the need for oxygen
subtype: #bodybuilding__anaerobic_exercise__anaerobicexercise__musclebuilding exercise that builds muscles through tension
subtype: #weightlifting exercise by lifting weights
subtype: #bench_press__benchpres a weightlifting exercise in which you lie on your back on a bench and press weights upward
subtype: #incline_bench_press__inclinebenchpres a bench press performed on an inclined bench
subtype: #clean_and_jerk__cleanandjerk__clean a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then jerked overhead
subtype: #military_press__press__pres a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then smoothly lifted overhead
subtype: #snatch a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted overhead in one rapid motion
subtype: #weight_gaining bodybuilding that increases muscle mass and body weight
subtype: #calisthenics__callisthenics__callisthenic__calisthenic_exercise__calisthenicexercise__callisthenic_exercise light exercise designed to promote general fitness
subtype: #isometrics__isometric_exercise__isometricexercise muscle-building exercises involving muscular contractions against resistance without movement (the length of the muscle does not change)
subtype: #isotonic_exercise exercise in which opposing muscles contract and there is controlled movement (the length of the muscles changes)
subtype: #jogging running at a jog trot as a form of exercise
subtype: #Kegel_exercises__pubococcygeus_exercises__pubococcygeusexercise exercises for women designed to improve the ability to hold urine
subtype: #stretch.physical_exercise__stretching exercise designed to extend the limbs and muscles to their full extent
subtype: #pandiculation yawning and stretching (as when first waking up)
subtype: #arm_exercise__armexercise exercise designed to strengthen the arm muscles
subtype: #pushup__press-up__pressup an arm exercise performed lying face to the floor and pushing the body up and down with the arms
subtype: #widegrip_pushup a pushup with the arms widely separated
subtype: #chin-up an arm exercise performed by pulling yourself up on a horizontal bar until your chin is level with the bar
subtype: #back_exercise exercise designed to strengthen the back muscles
subtype: #leg_exercise__legexercise exercise designed to strengthen the leg muscles
subtype: #squat__squatting exercising by repeatedly assuming a squatting position; strengthens the leg muscles
subtype: #leg_curl__legcurl__leg_curling__legcurling an exercise designed to strength the flexor muscles of the leg
subtype: #leg_extensor__legextensor an exercise designed to strengthen the extensor muscles of the leg
subtype: #neck_exercise exercise designed to strengthen the neck muscles
subtype: #stomach_exercise__stomachexercise exercise designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles
subtype: #yoga a course of related exercises and postures intended to promote control of the body and mind and to attain physical and spiritual wellbeing
subtype: #pull a sustained effort; "it was a long pull but we made it"
subtype: #application.elbow_grease__diligence a diligent effort; "it is a job requiring serious application"
subtype: #overkill any effort that seems to go farther than would be necessary to achieve its goal
subtype: #supererogation an effort above and beyond the call of duty
subtype: #overexertion the exertion of so much effort that discomfort or injury results
subtype: #detrition__friction__rubbing effort expended in rubbing one object against another
subtype: #attrition the act of rubbing together; wearing something down by friction
subtype: #hunting__hunt the work of finding and killing or capturing animals for food or pelts
subtype: #still_hunt__stillhunt__stalk__stalking a hunt for game carried on by stalking or waiting in ambush
subtype: #deerstalking stalking deer
subtype: #birdnesting hunting for birds' nests to get the eggs
subtype: #predation the act of preying by a predator who kills and eats the prey
subtype: #hackwork professional work done according to formula
subtype: #haymaking cutting grass and curing it to make hay
subtype: #manual_labor__manual_labour labor done with the hands
subtype: #application__coating__covering the work of applying something; "the doctor prescribed a topical application of iodine"; "a complete bleach requires several applications"; "the surface was ready for a coating of paint";
subtype: #anointing__anointment the act of applying oil or an oily liquid
subtype: #inunction__unction anointing as part of a religious ceremony or healing ritual
subtype: #fumigation the application of a gas or smoke to something for the purpose of disinfecting it
subtype: #lubrication an application of a lubricant to something
subtype: #paving__pavage the act of applying paving materials to an area
subtype: #painting the act of applying paint to a surface; "you can finish the job of painting faster with a roller than with a brush"
subtype: #spray_painting__spraypainting applying paint with a sprayer
subtype: #spatter__spattering__splash__splashing__splattering the act of splashing a (liquid) substance on a surface
subtype: #finger_painting painting by using the fingers to spread the paint
subtype: #spraying the application of a liquid in the form of small particles ejected from a sprayer
subtype: #spray_painting__spraypainting applying paint with a sprayer
subtype: #tin-plating__tinplating__tinning the application of a protective layer of tin
subtype: #tinning the application of a thin layer of soft solder to the ends of wires before soldering them; "careful tinning of the ends of wires results in a better joint when you solder them"
subtype: #papering__paperhanging the application of wallpaper
subtype: #plastering__daubing the application of plaster
subtype: #pargeting__pargetting ornamental plastering
subtype: #plating the application of a thin coat of metal (as by electrolysis)
subtype: #scumble the application of very thin coat of color over the surface of a picture
subtype: #tiling the application of tiles to cover a surface
subtype: #waxing the application of wax to a surface
subtype: #lining.application__facing providing something with a surface of a different material
subtype: #babbitting lining a surface or bearing with babbitt metal
subtype: #bodywork the work of making or repairing vehicle bodies
subtype: #handling manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something
subtype: #materials_handling__materialshandling act of loading and unloading and moving goods within e.g. a factory especially using mechanical devices
subtype: #loading the labor of loading something; "the loading took 2 hours"
subtype: #unloading the labor of unloading something
subtype: #picking the act of picking (crops or fruit or hops etc.)
subtype: #planking the work of covering an area with planks
subtype: #wiring the work of installing the wires for an electrical system or device
subtype: #overwork__overworking the act working too much or too long; "he became ill from overwork"
subtype: #slavery.toil work done under harsh conditions for little or no pay
subtype: #subbing working as a substitute for someone who is ill or on leave of absence
subtype: #investigating__investigation the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically
subtype: #research systematic investigation to establish facts
subtype: #operations_research research designed to determine most efficient way to do something
subtype: #field_work__fieldwork an investigation carried out in the field rather than in a laboratory or headquarters
subtype: #marketing_research__marketingresearch__market_research research that gathers and analyzes information about the moving of good or services from producer to consumer
subtype: #market_analysis marketing research that yields information about the marketplace
subtype: #product_research__productresearch marketing research that yields information about desired characteristics of the product or service
subtype: #consumer_research marketing research that yields information about the motives and needs of different classes of consumers
subtype: #microscopy research with the use of microscopes
subtype: #electron_microscopy microscopy with the use of electron microscopes
subtype: #dark_ground_illumination__dark_field_illumination a form of microscopic examination of living material by scattered light; specimens appear luminous against a dark background
subtype: #fluorescence_microscopy light microscopy in which the specimen is irradiated at wavelengths that excite fluorochromes
subtype: #indirect_immunofluorescence a method of using fluorescence microscopy to detect the presence of an antigen indirectly
subtype: #probe an investigation conducted using a probe instrument
subtype: #scientific_research__research_project research into questions posed by scientific theories and hypotheses
subtype: #big_science__bigscience scientific research that requires massive capital investment but is expected to yield very significant results
subtype: #experiment.scientific_research__experimentation the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
subtype: #testing the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
subtype: #trial_and_error__trialanderror experimenting until a solution is found
subtype: #Michelson-Morey_experiment a celebrated experiment conducted by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley; their failure to detect any influence of the earth's motion on the velocity of light was the starting point for Einstein's theory of relativity
subtype: #control_experiment__controlexperiment an experiment designed to control for variables affecting the results of another experiment
subtype: #Human_Genome_Project an international study of the entire human genetic material
subtype: #examination__testing the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned
subtype: #eleven-plus__11-plus (formerly in England) an examination taken by 11 and 12 year old students to select suitable candidates for grammar school
subtype: #search.investigating an investigation seeking answers; "a thorough search of the ledgers revealed nothing" or "the outcome justified the search"
subtype: #inquiry__enquiry a systematic investigation of a matter of public interest
subtype: #means_test__meanstest an inquiry into the financial position of someone applying for financial aid
subtype: #inquest an inquiry into the cause of an unexpected death
subtype: #examination.investigating__inspection__scrutiny the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)
subtype: #autopsy__necropsy__postmortem__PM__postmortem_examination an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease
subtype: #check-out_procedure__checkoutprocedure__check__checkout the act of inspecting or verifying; "they made a check of their equipment"; "the pilot ran through the check-out procedure"
subtype: #medical_checkup__medicalcheckup__checkup__medical_examination__medicalexamination__medical_exam__medicalexam__medical__health_check a thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the age and sex and health of the person
subtype: #comparing__comparison examining resemblances or differences
subtype: #likening the act of comparing similarities
subtype: #analogy drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect; "the operation of a computer presents and interesting analogy to the working of the brain"; "the models show by analogy how matter is built up"
subtype: #collation careful examination and comparison to note points of disagreement
subtype: #contrast the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
subtype: #fine-toothed_comb a method of examining in minute detail; "he went over the contract with a fine-toothed comb looking for loopholes"
subtype: #follow-up__reexamination__review a second (or subsequent) examination
subtype: #going-over__goingover a careful and thorough inspection
subtype: #once-over__look-over a swift cursory examination or inspection; "I gave him the once-over"
subtype: #palpation__tactual_exploration__tactualexploration a method of examination in which the examiner feels the size or shape or firmness or location of something (of body parts when the examiner is a health professional)
subtype: #endoscopy visual examination of the interior of a hollow body organ by use of an endoscope
subtype: #celioscopy endoscopic examination of the abdomen through the abdominal wall
subtype: #colonoscopy visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum; requires sedation
subtype: #culdoscopy endoscopic examination of a woman's pelvic organs by the insertion of a culdoscope through the vagina
subtype: #gastroscopy visual examination of the stomach by means of a gastroscope inserted through the esophagus
subtype: #hysteroscopy visual examination of the uterus and uterine lining using an endoscope inserted through the vagina
subtype: #proctoscopy visual examination of the rectum and the end of the colon by means of a proctoscope
subtype: #flexible_sigmoidoscopy__sigmoidoscopy visual examination (with a sigmoidoscope) of the lower third of the colon in a search for polyps
subtype: #keratoscopy examination of the cornea with a keratoscope to detect irregularities in its anterior surface
subtype: #rhinoscopy examination of the nasal passages (either through the anterior nares or with a rhinoscope through the nasopharynx)
subtype: #scan the act of scanning; systematic examination of a prescribed region; "he made a thorough scan of the beach with his binoculars"
subtype: #search.examination boarding and inspecting a ship on the high seas; "right of search"
subtype: #survey__study a detailed critical inspection
subtype: #resurvey a new survey or study
subtype: #testing.examination an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
subtype: #screening testing objects or persons in order to identify those with particular characteristics
subtype: #genetic_screening__geneticscreening analyzing a group of people to determine genetic susceptibility to a particular disease; "genetic screening of infants for phenylketonuria"
subtype: #time-and-motion_study__time-motion_study__motion_study__time_study__work_study an analysis of a specific job in an effort to find the most efficient method in terms of time and effort
subtype: #inspection__review a formal or official examination; "the platoon stood ready for inspection"
subtype: #bank_examination an examination of the affairs and records of a bank by a state or federal bank examiner
subtype: #analysis an investigation of the component parts of a whole
subtype: #anatomy a detailed analysis; "he studied the anatomy of crimes"
subtype: #case_study a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view
subtype: #chemical_analysis__qualitative_analysis the act of decomposing a substance into its constituent elements
subtype: #urinalysis__uranalysis the chemical analysis of urine (for medical diagnosis)
subtype: #scatology the chemical analysis of excrement (for medical diagnosis or for paleontological purposes)
subtype: #polarography an electrochemical method of chemical analysis
subtype: #quantitative_analysis__quantitative_chemical_analysis chemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance
subtype: #colorimetry__colorimetric_analysis quantitative chemical analysis by color using a colorimeter
subtype: #volumetric_analysis quantitative analysis by the use of definite volumes of standard solutions or reagents
subtype: #acidimetry volumetric analysis using standard solutions of acids to measure the amount of a base present
subtype: #alkalimetry volumetric analysis using standard solutions of alkali to measure the amount of acid present
subtype: #titration a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete; the concentration of the unknown solution (the titer) can them be calculated
subtype: #volumetric_analysis.quantitative_analysis__volumetricanalysi determination of the volume of gases (or changes in their volume) during combination
subtype: #gravimetric_analysis quantitative analysis by weight
subtype: #spectroscopy__spectrometry__spectroscopic_analysis__spectrum_analysis__spectrographic_analysis the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra
subtype: #mass_spectroscopy the use of spectroscopy to determine the masses of small electrically charged particles
subtype: #microwave_spectroscopy__microwavespectroscopy the use of spectroscopy to study atomic or molecular resonances in the microwave spectrum
subtype: #electron_spin_resonance__ESR__electron_paramagnetic_resonance microwave spectroscopy in which there is resonant absorption of radiation by a paramagnet
subtype: #dialysis separation of substances in solution my means of their unequal diffusion through semipermeable membranes
subtype: #apheresis__apheresi__pheresis a procedure in which blood is drawn and separated into its components by dialysis; some are retained and the rest are returned to the donor by transfusion
subtype: #plasmapheresis plasma is separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor
subtype: #plateletpheresis platelets are separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor
subtype: #hemodialysis__haemodialysis__haemodialysi dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure
subtype: #dating use of chemical analysis to estimate the age of geological specimens
subtype: #radiocarbon_dating__radiocarbondating__carbon_dating__carbon-14_dating a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon-14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years
subtype: #rubidium-strontium_dating a method of dating based on the decay of rubidium-87 into the stable isotope strontium-87; rubidium-87 has a half-life of 47,000,000,000 years
subtype: #cost_analysis breaking down the costs of some operation and reporting on each factor separately
subtype: #dissection.analysis detailed part-by-part critical analysis or examination as of a literary work
subtype: #counting__count__numeration__enumeration__reckoning__tally the act of counting; "the counting continued for several hours"
subtype: #blood_count__bloodcount the act of estimating the number of red and white corpuscles in a blood sample
subtype: #complete_blood_count__CBC__blood_profile__bloodprofile counting the number of white and red blood cells and the number of platelets in 1 cubic millimeter of blood
subtype: #differential_blood_count counting the number of specific types of white blood cells found in 1 cubic millimeter of blood; may be included as part of a complete blood count
subtype: #census__nosecount a period count of the population
subtype: #countdown counting backward from an arbitrary number to indicate the time remaining before some event (such as launching a space vehicle)
subtype: #miscount an inaccurate count
subtype: #poll the counting of votes (as in an election)
subtype: #recount an additional (usually a second) count; especially of the votes in a close election
subtype: #sperm_count__spermcount the act of estimating the number of spermatozoa in an ejaculate
subtype: #tabulation the act of putting into tabular form; "the tabulation of the results"
subtype: #detecting__detection__detective_work__detectivework__police_investigation__sleuthing the investigation of criminal activities to determine the perpetrator; "detection is hard on the feet"
subtype: #wiretap the act of tapping a telephone or telegraph line to get information
subtype: #surveillance close observation of a person or group
subtype: #electronic_surveillance surveillance by electronic means (e.g. television)
subtype: #watch__vigil a purposeful surveillance to guard or observe
subtype: #listening_watch__listeningwatch__continuous_receiver_watch a watch established for the reception of traffic of interest to the unit maintaining the watch
subtype: #spying keeping a secret or furtive watch
subtype: #stakeout surveillance of some place or some person by the police (as in anticipation of a crime)
subtype: #calibration__standardization__standardisation the act of checking or adjusting (by comparison with a standard) the accuracy of a measuring instrument; "the thermometer needed calibration"
subtype: #tuning calibrating something (a musical instrument or electronic circuit) to a standard frequency
subtype: #registration__adjustment__readjustment the act of adjusting something to match a standard
subtype: #voicing the act of adjusting an organ pipe (or wind instrument) so that it conforms to the standards of tone and pitch and color
subtype: #collimation the accurate adjustment of the line of sight of a telescope
subtype: #tune-up adjustments made to an engine to improve its performance
subtype: #synchronising__synchronization__synchronisation__synchronizing an adjustment that causes something to occur or recur in unison
subtype: #alignment the act of adjusting or aligning the parts of a device in relation to each other
subtype: #camber the alignment of the wheels of a motor vehicle closer together at the bottom than at the top
subtype: #toe-in__toein the alignment of the front wheels of a motor vehicle closer together at the front than at the back
subtype: #tending__attention__aid the work of caring for or attending to someone or something; "no medical care was required"; "the old car needed constant attention"
subtype: #hair_care__hairdressing care for the hair: the activity of washing or cutting or curling or arranging the hair
subtype: #brush__brushing the act of brushing your hair; "he gave his hair a quick brush"
subtype: #combing the act of drawing a comb through hair; "his hair needed a comb"
subtype: #comb-out.combing__combout__teasing the act of removing tangles from you hair with a comb
subtype: #shampoo the act of washing your hair with shampoo
subtype: #babysitting the work of a baby sitter; caring for children when their parents are not home
subtype: #dental_care care for the teeth
subtype: #brushing__brush the act of brushing your teeth; "the dentist recommended two brushes a day"
subtype: #first_aid__firstaid emergency care given before regular medical aid can be obtained
subtype: #treatment care by procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury
subtype: #medical_care__medicalcare__medical_aid__medicalaid professional treatment for illness or injury
subtype: #aftercare care and treatment of a convalescent patient
subtype: #hospitalization__hospitalisation__hospital_care medical care in a hospital
subtype: #therapy (medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.); "the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury"; "he tried every treatment the doctors suggested"; "heat therapy gave the best relief"
subtype: #chemotherapy the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)
subtype: #chrysotherapy the use of chemicals containing gold for treating diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis)
subtype: #correction treatment of a specific defect; "the correction of his vision with eye glasses"
subtype: #spinal_fusion__fusion correction of an unstable part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae; usually done surgically but sometimes done by traction or immobilization
subtype: #electric_healing__galvanism__electricalhealing the therapeutic application of electricity to the body
subtype: #heliotherapy__insolation therapeutic exposure to sunlight
subtype: #hormone_replacement_therapy__hormonereplacementtherapy__hormone-replacement_therapy__hormonereplacementtherapy__HRT hormones (estrogen and progestin) are given to postmenopausal women; believed to protect them from heart disease and osteoporosis
subtype: #infrared_therapy the use of infrared radiation (as by infrared lamps or heating pads or hot water bottles) to relieve pain and increase circulation to a particular area of the body
subtype: #inflation_therapy__inflationtherapy therapy in which water or oxygen or a drug is introduced into the respiratory tract with inhaled air
subtype: #medication the act of treating with medicines or remedies
subtype: #giving_medication__administration the act of administering medication
subtype: #drip_feed the administration of a solution (blood or saline or plasma etc.) one drop at a time
subtype: #drugging__sedation the administration of a sedative agent or drug
subtype: #irrigation (medicine) cleaning a wound or body organ by flushing or washing out with water or a medicated solution
subtype: #douche irrigation with a jet of water or medicated solution into or around a body part (especially the vagina) to treat infections or cleanse from odorous contents
subtype: #enema__clyster injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate evacuation; sometimes used for diagnostic purposes
subtype: #barium_enema contrast medium is injected into the rectum and x-rays are taken to search for lesions
subtype: #lavage washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with water
subtype: #gastric_lavage__gastriclavage washing out the stomach with sterile water or a salt-water solution; removes blood or poisons; "when the doctor ordered a gastric lavage the hospital pumped out my stomach"
subtype: #megavitamin_therapy__megavitamintherapy therapy based on a theory that taking very large doses of vitamins will prevent or cure physical or psychological disorders
subtype: #surgical_operation__operation__surgery__surgical_procedure__surgical_process a therapeutic procedure with instruments to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery"
subtype: #cutting_out__cuttingout__ablation__extirpation__excision surgical removal of a body part or tissue
subtype: #adenoidectomy surgical removal of the adenoids; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy
subtype: #adrenalectomy__suprarenalectomy surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
subtype: #appendectomy__appendicectomy surgical removal of the vermiform appendix
subtype: #cholecystectomy surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain)
subtype: #laparoscopic_cholecystectomy__lap_choly__lapcholy removal of the gall bladder through small punctures in the abdomen to permit the insertion of a laparoscope and surgical instruments
subtype: #embolectomy surgical removal of an embolus (usually from an artery)
subtype: #ennervation surgical removal of a nerve
subtype: #hypophysectomy surgical removal of the pituitary gland
subtype: #hysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus
subtype: #radical_hysterectomy__radicalhysterectomy__panhysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus and the ovaries and oviducts and cervix and related lymph nodes
subtype: #total_hysterectomy__totalhysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus and cervix
subtype: #laminectomy surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae
subtype: #laryngectomy surgical removal of part or all of the larynx (usually to treat cancer of the larynx)
subtype: #lithotomy surgical removal of a stone (calculus)
subtype: #cholelithotomy removal of gallstone through an incision in the gallbladder
subtype: #lobectomy surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain)
subtype: #lumpectomy surgical removal of a tumor without removing much of the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes; performed in some cases of breast cancer
subtype: #mastectomy surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor
subtype: #modified_radical_mastectomy removal of a breast and the pectoralis minor and some lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
subtype: #radical_mastectomy__radicalmastectomy removal of a breast and the underlying muscles (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor) and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
subtype: #simple_mastectomy removal of a breast leaving the underlying muscles and the lymph nodes intact
subtype: #mastoidectomy surgical removal of the mastoid process
subtype: #meniscectomy surgical removal of the meniscus of the knee
subtype: #nephrectomy surgical removal of a kidney
subtype: #neurectomy surgical removal of all or part of a nerve
subtype: #oophorectomy__ovariectomy surgical removal of one of both ovaries
subtype: #oophorosalpingectomy surgical removal of one or both ovaries and the corresponding Fallopian tubes
subtype: #ophthalmectomy surgical removal of an eye
subtype: #orchidectomy__orchiectomy surgical removal of one or both testicles
subtype: #pancreatectomy surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas
subtype: #pneumonectomy surgical removal of a lung (usually to treat lung cancer)
subtype: #prostatectomy surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland
subtype: #salpingectomy surgical removal of one or both Fallopian tubes
subtype: #sigmoidectomy surgical removal of part or all of the sigmoid colon (usually to remove a malignant tumor)
subtype: #splenectomy surgical removal of the spleen
subtype: #stapedectomy surgical removal of the stapes of the middle ear
subtype: #sympathectomy surgical interruption of a nerve pathway in the sympathetic nervous system
subtype: #thrombectomy surgical removal of a blood clot (thrombus) from a blood vessel
subtype: #thyroidectomy surgical removal of the thyroid gland
subtype: #tonsillectomy surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy
subtype: #vasectomy surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible
subtype: #vulvectomy surgical removal of part or all of the vulva
subtype: #amputation a surgical removal of all or part of a limb
subtype: #angioplasty an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or unblock a coronary artery
subtype: #arthroplasty surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint
subtype: #arthroscopy a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint; the surgeon examines the joint with an arthroscope while making repairs through a small incision
subtype: #autoplasty surgical repair by using tissue from another part of the patient's own body
subtype: #brain_surgery__brainsurgery any surgical procedure involving the brain
subtype: #psychosurgery brain surgery on human patients intended to relieve severe and otherwise intractable mental or behavioral problems
subtype: #amygdalotomy psychosurgery in which amygdaloid fibers that mediate limbic system activity are severed (in cases of extreme uncontrollable violence)
subtype: #callosotomy severing the corpus callosum so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted (in cases of severe intractable epilepsy)
subtype: #prefrontal_lobotomy__lobotomy__leukotomy__leucotomy__prefrontalleukotomy__prefrontal_leucotomy surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes
subtype: #transorbital_lobotomy a method of performing prefrontal lobotomy in which the surgical knife is inserted above the eyeball and moved to cut brain fibers
subtype: #split-brain_technique__splitbraintechnique brain surgery on animals in which the corpus callosum (and sometimes the optic chiasm) is severed so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted
subtype: #castration surgical removal of the testes or ovaries (usually to inhibit hormone secretion in cases of breast cancer in women or prostate cancer in men); "bilateral castration results in sterilization"
subtype: #cauterization__cautery__cauterisation the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing
subtype: #cryocautery application of a substance that destroys tissue by freezing it
subtype: #thermocautery cautery (destruction of tissue) by heat
subtype: #electrocautery application of a needle heated by an electric current to destroy tissue (as to remove warts)
subtype: #chemosurgery use of chemical to destroy diseased or malignant tissue; used in treatment of skin cancer
subtype: #craniotomy a surgical opening through the skull
subtype: #cryosurgery the use of extreme cold (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy unwanted tissue (warts or cataracts or skin cancers)
subtype: #curettage__curettement surgery to remove tissue or growths from a bodily cavity (as the uterus) by scraping with a curette
subtype: #suction_curettage__suctioncurettage__vacuum_aspiration a method of induced abortion; prior to the 14th week of gestation the embryo and placenta are removed by applying suction to the dilated cervix
subtype: #debridement surgical removal of foreign material and dead tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing
subtype: #decortication surgical removal of the cortex of an organ or part
subtype: #dilation_and_curettage__dilatation_and_curettage__D_and_C a surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet; performed to obtain tissue samples or to stop prolonged bleeding or to remove small tumors or to remove fragments of placenta after childbirth or as a method of abortion
subtype: #electrosurgery surgery performed with electrical devices (as in electrocautery)
subtype: #enterostomy surgical operation that creates a permanent opening through the abdominal wall into the intestine
subtype: #enucleation surgical removal of something without cutting into it; "the enucleation of the tumor"
subtype: #evisceration surgical removal of an organ (or the contents of an organ) from a patient
subtype: #exenteration surgical removal of the organs within a body cavity (as those of the pelvis)
subtype: #fenestration surgical procedure that creates a new fenestra to the cochlea in order to restore hearing lost because of osteosclerosis
subtype: #gastrectomy surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
subtype: #gastroenterostomy surgical creation of an opening between the stomach wall and the small intestines; performed when the normal opening has been eliminated
subtype: #gastrostomy surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach (as for gastrogavage)
subtype: #heart_surgery__heartsurgery any surgical procedure involving the heart
subtype: #closed-heart_surgery heart surgery in which a small incision is made (the chest cavity is not opened)
subtype: #port-access_coronary_bypass_surgery heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed by the use of small instruments and tiny cameras threaded through small incisions while the heart is stopped and blood is pumped through a heart-lung machine
subtype: #minimally_invasive_coronary_bypass_surgery heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed on the beating heart by the use of small instruments and cameras threaded through small incisions
subtype: #open-heart_surgery heart surgery in which the rib cage is spread open and surgery to fix a heart valve or repair a coronary artery is performed while the heart is stopped and blood is detoured through a heart-lung machine
subtype: #coronary_bypass_surgery__coronary_bypass__coronary_artery_bypass_graft__CABG open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart
subtype: #hemorrhoidectomy__haemorrhoidectomy surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them
subtype: #hysterotomy surgical incision into the uterus (as in cesarean section)
subtype: #iridectomy surgical removal of part of the iris of the eye
subtype: #iridotomy a surgical procedure that makes an incision in the iris of the eye in order to enlarge the pupil or to treat glaucoma
subtype: #intestinal_bypass surgical operation that shortens the small intestine; used in treating obesity
subtype: #jejunostomy surgical creation of an opening between the jejunum and the anterior abdominal wall; will allow artificial feeding
subtype: #major_surgery__majorsurgery any surgical procedure that involves anesthesia or respiratory assistance
subtype: #microsurgery surgery using operating microscopes and miniaturized precision instruments to perform intricate procedures on very small structures
subtype: #robotic_telesurgery__robotictelesurgery microsurgery in which the surgeon performs surgery by manipulating the hands of a robot
subtype: #minor_surgery__minorsurgery any surgical procedure that does not involve anesthesia or respiratory assistance
subtype: #myotomy surgical incision or division of a muscle
subtype: #myringectomy surgical removal of the eardrum
subtype: #myringoplasty surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft
subtype: #myringotomy surgical incision into the eardrum (to relieve pressure or release pus from the middle ear)
subtype: #neurosurgery any surgery that involves the nervous system (brain or spinal cord or peripheral nerves)
subtype: #nose_job__rhinoplasty cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose
subtype: #orchiopexy operation to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum
subtype: #osteotomy surgical sectioning of bone
subtype: #ostomy surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening for the elimination of bodily wastes
subtype: #colostomy a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus
subtype: #ileostomy surgical procedure that creates an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall to function as an anus; performed in cases of cancer of the colon or ulcerative colitis
subtype: #phalloplasty reconstructive surgery on the penis to repair congenital abnormality or injury
subtype: #phlebectomy surgical removal or all or part of a vein; sometimes done in cases of severe varicose veins
subtype: #photocoagulation surgical procedure that uses an intense laser beam to destroy diseased retinal tissue or to make a scar that will hold the retina in cases of detached retina
subtype: #plastic_surgery__plasticsurgery__cosmetic_surgery__anaplasty surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue
subtype: #rhytidectomy__face_lift__face_lifting__rhytidoplasty plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised
subtype: #keratoplasty__corneal_gaft__cornealgaft a surgical procedure in which part or all of the cornea is replaced by healthy corneal tissue from a donor
subtype: #epikeratophakia using a piece of donated corneal tissue to repair the eye of someone who has had a cataract removed; "epikeratophakia gave her a living contact lens"
subtype: #polypectomy surgical removal of a polyp
subtype: #resection surgical removal of part of a structure or organ
subtype: #transurethral_resection_of_the_prostate__TURP removal of significant amounts of prostate tissue (as in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia)
subtype: #rhinotomy surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the nose to drain accumulated pus
subtype: #rhizotomy surgical procedure in which spinal nerve roots are cut; done (anterior roots) to relieve intractable pain or (posterior roots) to stop severe muscle spasms
subtype: #Shirodkar's_operation__purse-string_operation a surgical procedure in which a suture is used to close the cervix in a pregnant woman; is performed when the cervix has failed to retain previous pregnancies
subtype: #sterilisation__sterilization the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)
subtype: #neutering__fixing__altering the sterilization of an animal; "they took him to the vet for neutering"
subtype: #castration.neutering__emasculation neutering a male animal by removing the testicles
subtype: #spaying neutering a female by removing the ovaries
subtype: #surgical_contraception contraception by surgical sterilization
subtype: #tubal_ligation__tuballigation a sterilization procedure with women; both Fallopian tubes are tied in two places and the tubes removed in between the ligations
subtype: #vasectomy surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible
subtype: #strabotomy the surgical operation of cutting a muscle or tendon of the eye in order to correct strabismus
subtype: #taxis__taxi the surgical procedure of manually restoring a displaced body part
subtype: #tracheostomy__tracheotomy a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes
subtype: #organ_transplant__organtransplant__transplant__transplantation an operation moving an organ from one person (the donor) to another (the recipient)
subtype: #corneal_transplant__cornealtransplant__corneal_graft__cornealgraft the act of replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with another cornea taken from a donor (usually a donor who has recently died)
subtype: #trephination a operation that removes a circular section of bone from the skull
subtype: #tympanoplasty surgical correction or repair of defects or injuries in the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear
subtype: #uranoplasty surgical correction of a defect of the palate
subtype: #vasovasostomy a surgical procedure that attempts to restore the function of the vas deferens after a vasectomy
subtype: #vivisection the act of operating on living animals (especially in scientific research)
subtype: #physical_therapy__physiotherapy__physiatrics__physiatric therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities
subtype: #occupational_therapy physical therapy involving the therapeutic use of crafts and hobbies for the rehabilitation of handicapped or convalescing patients (especially for emotionally disturbed patients)
subtype: #phytotherapy__herbal_therapy__botanical_medicine__botanicalmedicine the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet)
subtype: #psychotherapy the treatment of mental or emotional problems by psychological means
subtype: #behavior_therapy__behavior_modification psychotherapy that seeks to extinguish or inhibit abnormal or maladaptive behavior by reinforcing desired behavior and extinguishing undesired behavior
subtype: #assertiveness_training__assertivenesstraining a method of psychotherapy that reinforces you for stating negative and positive feelings directly
subtype: #aversion_therapy any technique of behavior modification that uses unpleasant stimuli in a controlled fashion to alter behavior in a therapeutic way; primarily used for alcoholism or drug abuse (but with little success)
subtype: #desensitization_technique__desensitizationtechnique__desensitization_procedure__desensitizationprocedure__systematic_desinsitization a technique used in behavior therapy to treat phobias and other behavior problems involving anxiety; client is exposed to the threatening situation under relaxed conditions until the anxiety reaction is extinguished
subtype: #implosion_therapy__implosiontherapy__flooding a technique used in behavior therapy; client is flooded with experiences of a particular kind until becoming either averse to them or numbed to them
subtype: #reciprocal_inhibition__reciprocal-inhibition_therapy a method of behavior therapy based on the inhibition of one response by the occurrence of another response that is mutually incompatible with it; a relaxation response might be conditioned to a stimulus that previously evoked anxiety
subtype: #token_economy__tokeneconomy a form of behavior therapy that has been used in some mental institutions; patients are rewarded with tokens for appropriate behavior and the tokens may be cashed in for valued rewards
subtype: #client-centered_therapy a method of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the client determines the focus and pace of each session
subtype: #crisis_intervention psychotherapy that focuses on acute critical situations (depressive episodes or attempted suicides or drug overdoses) with the aim of restoring the person to the level of functioning before the crisis
subtype: #group_therapy__grouptherapy psychotherapy in which a small group of individuals meet with a therapist; interactions among the members are considered to be therapeutic
subtype: #family_therapy any of several therapeutic approaches in which a family is treated as a whole
subtype: #hypnotherapy the use of hypnosis in psychotherapy
subtype: #play_therapy form of psychotherapy for children that uses play situations for diagnosis or treatment
subtype: #psychoanalysis__analysis__depth_psychology__depthpsychology a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; "his physician recommended psychoanalysis"
subtype: #hypnoanalysis__hypnoanalysi the use of hypnosis in conjunction with psychoanalysis
subtype: #self-analysis the application of psychotherapeutic principles to the analysis of your own personality
subtype: #radiotherapy__radiation_therapy__radiationtherapy__actinotherapy__irradiation the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to radiation from a radioactive substance
subtype: #phototherapy the use of strong light to treat acne or hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn
subtype: #radium_therapy__Curietherapy the use of radium in radiation therapy
subtype: #X-ray_therapy the therapeutic use of X rays
subtype: #shock_therapy__shocktherapy__shock_treatment__shocktreatment treatment of certain psychotic states by the administration of shocks that are followed by convulsions
subtype: #electroconvulsive_therapy__electroconvulsivetherapy__electroshock__electroshock_therapy__ECT the administration of a strong electric current that passes through the brain to induce convulsions and coma
subtype: #insulin_shock_treatment__insulinshocktreatment__insulin_shock__insulinshock__insulin_shock_therapy__insulinshocktherapy the administration of sufficient insulin to induce convulsions and coma
subtype: #metrazol_shock_treatment__metrazol_shock__metrazol_shock_therapy the administration of sufficient Metrazol to induce convulsions and coma
subtype: #speech_therapy any therapy intended to correct a disorder of speech
subtype: #thermotherapy the use of heat to treat a disease or disorder; heating pads or hot compresses or hot-water bottles are used to promote circulation in peripheral vascular disease or to relax tense muscles
subtype: #thrombolytic_therapy therapy consisting of the administration of a pharmacological agent to cause thrombolysis of an abnormal blood clot
subtype: #nursing_care__nursingcare care by a skilled nurse
subtype: #bandaging__dressing__binding the act of applying a bandage
subtype: #holistic_medicine medical care of the whole person considered as subject to personal and social as well as organic factors
subtype: #hospice a program of medical and emotional care for the terminally ill
subtype: #injection.medical_care__shot the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; "the nurse gave him a flu shot"
subtype: #intradermal_injection__intradermalinjection an injection into the skin
subtype: #intramuscular_injection__intramuscularinjection an injection into a muscle
subtype: #intravenous_injection__intravenousinjection an injection into a vein
subtype: #fix.intravenous_injection (informal) an intravenous injection of a narcotic drug
subtype: #subcutaneous_injection an injection under the skin
subtype: #bloodletting formerly used as a treatment to reduce excess blood (one of the four humors of medieval medicine)
subtype: #venesection__phlebotomy surgical incision into a vein; used to treat hemochromatosis
subtype: #cupping a treatment in which evacuated cups are applied to the skin to draw blood through the surface
subtype: #defibrillation treatment by stopping fibrillation of heart muscles (usually by electric shock delivered by a defibrillator)
subtype: #detoxification treatment for poisoning by neutralizing the toxic properties (normally a function of the liver)
subtype: #disinfection treatment to destroy harmful microorganisms
subtype: #chlorination disinfection of water by the addition of small amounts of chlorine or a chlorine compound
subtype: #digitalization__digitalisation the administration of digitalis for the treatment of certain heart disorders
subtype: #anticoagulation the administration of an anticoagulant drug to retard coagulation of the blood
subtype: #allopathy the usual method of treating disease with remedies that produce effects differing from those produced by the disease itself
subtype: #homeopathy__homoeopathy a method of treating disease with small amounts of remedies that, in large amounts in healthy people, produce symptoms similar to those being treated
subtype: #intensive_care__intensivecare close monitoring and constant medical care of patients with life-threatening conditions
subtype: #modality a method of therapy that involves physical treatment
subtype: #massage kneading and rubbing parts of the body to increase circulation and promote relaxation
subtype: #cardiac_massage__cardiacmassage__heart_massage__heartmassage an emergency procedure that employs rhythmic compression of the heart (either through the chest wall or (during surgery) directly to the heart) in an attempt to maintain circulation during cardiac arrest
subtype: #effleurage a rhythmic stroking; "effleurage of the abdomen is used in the Lamaze method of childbirth"
subtype: #petrissage massage of the skin which is gently lifted and squeezed
subtype: #Swedish_massage massage combined with a system of active and passive exercises for the muscles and joints
subtype: #tapotement massage in which the body is tapped rhythmically with the fingers or with short rapid movements of the sides of the hand; used to loosen mucus on the chest walls of patients with bronchitis
subtype: #diathermy a method of physical therapy that involves generating local heat in body tissues by high-frequency electromagnetic currents
subtype: #detoxification.treatment a treatment for addiction to drugs or alcohol intended to remove the physiological effects of the addictive substances
subtype: #chiropractic a method of treatment that manipulates body structures (especially the spine) to relieve low back pain or even headache or high blood pressure
subtype: #fomentation application of warm wet coverings to a part of the body to relieve pain and inflammation
subtype: #naturopathy a method of treating disease using food and exercise and heat to assist the natural healing process
subtype: #naprapathy a drugless method of treatment based on the belief that disease symptoms arise from problems with ligaments and connective tissues
subtype: #orthodontic_treatment__orthodontictreatment dental treatment that corrects irregularities of the teeth or of the relation of the teeth to surrounding anatomy; treatment is usually by braces or mechanical aids; "orthodontic treatment of facial abnormalities"
subtype: #orthoptics treatment of defects of binocular vision (such as strabismus and amblyopia) by nonsurgical measures (especially by exercises to strengthen the eye muscles)
subtype: #osteopathy therapy based on the assumption that restoring health is best accomplished by manipulating the skeleton and muscles
subtype: #osteoclasis__osteoclasi treatment of a skeletal deformity by intentionally fracturing a bone
subtype: #acupuncture__stylostixi (Chinese) treatment of pain or disease by inserting the tips of needles at specific points on the skin
subtype: #acupressure__G-Jo__shiatsu (Chinese and Japanese) treatment of symptoms by applying pressure with the fingers to specific pressure points on the body
subtype: #autogenic_therapy__autogenictherapy__autogenic_training__autogenictraining__autogenics training patients in self-induced relaxation
subtype: #hydropathy__hydrotherapy the internal and external use of water in the treatment of disease
subtype: #rest-cure rest as a medical treatment for stress or anxiety etc.
subtype: #incubation maintaining something at the most favorable temperature for its development
subtype: #livery the care (feeding and stabling) of horses for pay
subtype: #manicure professional care for the hands and fingernails
subtype: #pedicure professional care for the feet and toenails
subtype: #nourishment the act of nourishing; "her nourishment of the orphans saved many lives"
subtype: #nursing the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm
subtype: #tender_loving_care__TLC considerate and solicitous care; "young children need lots of TLC"
subtype: #nurturance physical and emotional care and nourishment
subtype: #personal_care care for someone who is disabled or is otherwise unable to care for themselves; can including bathing and cooking and managing bodily functions
subtype: #skin_care care for the skin
subtype: #facial care for the face that usually involves cleansing and massage and the application of cosmetic creams
subtype: #faith_healing__faithhealing__faith_cure__faithcure care provided through prayer and faith in God
subtype: #laying_on_of_hands.faith_healing__layingonofhand the application of a faith healer's hands to the patient's body
subtype: #tree_surgery treatment of damaged or decaying trees
subtype: #duty work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons: "the duties of the job"
subtype: #chore__job__task a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee: "estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars"; "the job of repairing the engine took several hours"; "the endless task of classifying the samples"; "the farmer's morning chores"
subtype: #stint an individuals prescribed share of work: "her stint as a lifeguard exhausted her"
subtype: #disagreeable_task__disagreeable_chore a chore that causes discomfort
subtype: #scut_work__shitwork trivial unrewarding tedious dirty and disagreeable chores; "the hospital hired him to do scut work"
subtype: #function__office__part__role the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group: "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part"; "play its role"
subtype: #capacity.function a specified function; "he was employed in the capacity of director"; "he should be retained in his present capacity at a higher salary"
subtype: #hat an informal term for a person's role; "he took off his politician's hat and talked frankly"
subtype: #portfolio the role of the head of a government department; "he holds the portfolio for foreign affairs"
subtype: #stead__position__place__lieu the function or position properly or customarily occupied or served by another: "can you go in my stead?"; "took his place"; "in lieu of"
subtype: #behalf as the agent of or on someone's part; usually expressed as "on behalf of" rather than "in behalf of": "the guardian signed the contract on behalf of the minor child"; "this letter is written on behalf of my client"
subtype: #second_fiddle a secondary role or function; "he hated to play second fiddle to anyone"
subtype: #duty_assignment__assignment as duty that you are assigned to perform especially in the armed forces: "hazardous duty"
subtype: #guard_duty__guardduty__guard__sentry_duty__sentry_go the duty of serving as a sentry; "he was on guard that night"
subtype: #fatigue_duty__fatigueduty__fatigue labor of a nonmilitary kind done by soldiers (cleaning or digging or draining or so on); "the soldiers were put on fatigue to teach them a lesson"; "they were assigned to kitchen fatigues"
subtype: #mission__charge__commission a task that has been assigned to a person or group; "a confidential mission to London"; "his charge was deliver a message"
subtype: #fool's_errand a fruitless mission
subtype: #mission_impossible__missionimpossible an extremely dangerous or difficult mission
subtype: #reassignment assignment to a different duty
subtype: #secondment the detachment of a person from their regular organization for temporary assignment elsewhere
subtype: #sea-duty__seaduty__service_abroad__serviceabroad__shipboard_duty__shipboardduty naval service aboard a ship at sea
subtype: #shore_duty__shoreduty naval service at land bases
subtype: #missionary_work__mission the organized work of a religious missionary
subtype: #spadework dull or routine preliminary work preparing for an undertaking
subtype: #timework work paid for at a rate per unit of time
subtype: #task__undertaking__labor any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted; "he prepared for great undertakings"
subtype: #adventure__escapade__risky_venture__riskyventure__dangerous_undertaking__dangerousundertaking a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)
subtype: #assignment an undertaking that you have been assigned to do (as by an instructor)
subtype: #school_assignment a school task performed by a student to satisfy the teacher
subtype: #classroom_project__classroomproject__project a school task requiring considerable effort
subtype: #homework__prep__preparation preparatory school work done outside school (especially at home)
subtype: #lesson.school_assignment a task assigned for individual study; "he did the lesson for today"
subtype: #exercise.lesson__example a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding; "you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook"
subtype: #reading_assignment__readingassignment the reading of a passage assigned by the teacher
subtype: #recitation an instance of a student reciting a lesson that has been learned
subtype: #history_lesson__historylesson a less in the facts of history
subtype: #written_assignment__writtenassignment__writing_assignment__writingassignment an assignment to write something
subtype: #baby a project of personal concern to someone; "this project is his baby"
subtype: #breeze a task that is easy to do
subtype: #endeavor__enterprise__endeavour a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness); "he had doubts about the whole enterprise"
subtype: #fraudulent_scheme__racket__illegitimate_enterprise an illegal enterprise (such as extortion or fraud or drug peddling or prostitution) carried on for profit
subtype: #forlorn_hope__forlornhope a hopeless or desperate enterprise
subtype: #business_activity__commercial_activity activity undertaken as part of a commercial enterprise
subtype: #operation.business_activity a business especially one run on a large scale: "a large-scale farming operation"; "a multinational operation"; they paid taxes on every stage of the operation"; "they had to consolidate their operations"
subtype: #business the volume of business activity: "business is good today"; "show me where the business was today"
subtype: #trade.business__patronage the business given to a commercial establishment by its customers: "even before noon there was a considerable patronage"
subtype: #custom habitual patronage
subtype: #land-office_business very large and profitable volume of commercial activity
subtype: #wash (informal) any enterprise in which losses and gains cancel out
subtype: #labor_of_love__labour_of_love productive work performed voluntarily without material reward or compensation
subtype: #endurance_contest__endurancecontest__marathon any long and arduous undertaking
subtype: #no-brainer (informal) anything that requires little thought
subtype: #tall_order__large_order__largeorder a formidable task or requirement; "finishing in time was a tall order but we did it"
subtype: #venture any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome
subtype: #joint_venture__jointventure a venture by a partnership or conglomerate designed to share risk or expertise: "a joint venture between the film companies to produce TV shows"
subtype: #experiment a venture at something new or different; "as an experiment he decided to grow a beard"
subtype: #campaign__cause__crusade__drive__movement__effort a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end; "he supported populist campaigns"; "they worked in the cause of world peace"; "the team was ready for a drive toward the pennant"; "the movement to end slavery"; "contributed to the war effort"
subtype: #advertising_campaign__advertisingcampaign__ad_campaign__ad_blitz an organized program of advertisements
subtype: #sales_campaign__salescampaign an advertising campaign intended to promote sales
subtype: #public-relations_campaign an advertising campaign intended to improve public relations
subtype: #anti-war_movement a campaign against entering or continuing a war
subtype: #consumerism a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers
subtype: #campaigning__candidacy__candidature__electioneering__political_campaign__politicalcampaign the campaign of a candidate to be elected
subtype: #hustings the activities involved in political campaigning (especially speech making)
subtype: #whispering_campaign the organized dissemination of derogatory rumors designed to discredit a candidate
subtype: #stumping campaigning for something by making political speeches (stump speeches)
subtype: #ecumenical_movement a movement among Protestant groups aimed at universal Christian unity
subtype: #fund-raising_campaign__fund-raising_drive__fund-raising_effort a campaign to raise money for some cause
subtype: #feminist_movement__feminism__women's_liberation_movement__women's_lib__women'slib the movement aimed at equal rights for women
subtype: #gay_liberation_movement__gay_lib__gaylib the movement aimed at liberating homosexuals from legal or social or economic oppression
subtype: #lost_cause a defeated cause or a cause for which defeat is inevitable
subtype: #reform.campaign a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices; "the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians"
subtype: #war a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious; "the war on poverty"; "the war against crime"
subtype: #youth_movement__youthmovement__youth_crusade__youthcrusade political or religious or social reform movement or agitation consisting chiefly of young people
subtype: #sallying_forth__sally a venture off the beaten path; "a sally into the wide world beyond his home"
subtype: #risk__peril__danger a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury; "he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime"; "there was a danger he would do the wrong thing"
subtype: #chance a risk involving danger; "you take a chance when you let her drive"
subtype: #gamble a risky act or venture
subtype: #long_shot a venture that involves great risk but promises great rewards
subtype: #raise increasing the size of a bet (as in poker); "I'll see your raise and double it"
subtype: #doubling.raise__double raising the stakes in a card game by a factor of 2; "I decided his double was a bluff"
subtype: #deeds__deed__works__work performance of moral or religious acts; "salvation by deeds" or "the reward for good works"
subtype: #service.activity (common law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
subtype: #socage land tenure by agricultural service or payment of rent; not burdened with military service
subtype: #military_service land tenure by service in the lord's army
subtype: #knight's_service land tenure by service to the lord as a knight
subtype: #line_of_work__occupation__business__job__line the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; "he's not in my line of business"
subtype: #sport the occupation of athletes who compete for pay
subtype: #professional_boxing boxing for money
subtype: #professional_wrestling wrestling for money
subtype: #professional_golf playing golf for money
subtype: #professional_football playing football for money
subtype: #professional_baseball playing baseball for money
subtype: #professional_basketball playing basketball for money
subtype: #professional_tennis playing tennis for money
subtype: #farming__land working the land as an occupation or way of life; "farming is a strenuous life"; "there's no work on the land any more"
subtype: #biz__game informal terms for your occupation; "he's in the plumbing game"; "she's in show biz"
subtype: #career__calling__vocation the particular occupation for which you are trained
subtype: #work_specialty__specialty__specialization__specialisation__speciality__specialism the special line of work you have adopted as your career; "his specialization is gastroenterology"
subtype: #lifework the principal work of your career
subtype: #walk_of_life__walk careers in general; "it happens in all walks of life"
subtype: #business_life__professional_life a career in industrial or commercial or professional activities
subtype: #employment__work the occupation for which you are paid; "he is looking for employment"; "a lot of people are out of work"
subtype: #coaching_job__coaching the job of a professional coach
subtype: #engagement__booking employment for performers or performing groups that lasts for a limited period of time; "the play had bookings throughout the summer"
subtype: #gig a booking for musicians; "they played a gig in New Jersey"
subtype: #seafaring__navigation__sailing the work of a sailor
subtype: #cabotage navigation in costal waters
subtype: #workload work that a person is expected to do in a specified time
subtype: #case_load the number of cases handled in a given period of time (as by a court or agency)
subtype: #piecework work paid for according to the quantity produced
subtype: #service.employment employment in or work for another; "he retired after 30 years of service"
subtype: #telecommuting__teleworking employment at home while communicating with the workplace by phone or fax or modem
subtype: #services performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others; "the mayor tried to maintain city services"; "the medical services are excellent"
subtype: #public_service employment within a government system (especially in civil service)
subtype: #minister.job (British) the job of a head of a government department
subtype: #cabinet_minister.job__cabinetminister (British) the job of a senior minister who is a member of the British cabinet
subtype: #appointment.line_of_work the job to which you are (or hope to be) appointed; "he applied for an appointment in the treasury"
subtype: #berth__position__post__office__spot__place__situation a job in an organization; "he occupied a post in the treasury"
subtype: #academicianship the position of member of an honorary academy
subtype: #accountantship the position of accountant
subtype: #admiralty the office of admiral
subtype: #ambassadorship the post of ambassador
subtype: #apostleship the position of apostle
subtype: #apprenticeship the position of apprentice
subtype: #attorneyship the position of attorney
subtype: #bailiffship the office of bailiff
subtype: #bishopry the office of bishop
subtype: #cadetship the position of cadet
subtype: #caliphate the office of a caliph
subtype: #captainship__captaincy the post of captain
subtype: #cardinalship the office of cardinal
subtype: #chairmanship the position of chairman
subtype: #chancellorship the office of chancellor
subtype: #chaplaincy__chaplainship the position of chaplain
subtype: #chieftaincy the position of chieftain
subtype: #clerkship the job of clerk
subtype: #commandership the position of commander
subtype: #comptrollership the position of comptroller
subtype: #consulship the post of consul
subtype: #controllership the position of controller
subtype: #councillorship__councilorship the position of council member
subtype: #counselorship__counsellorship the position of counselor
subtype: #curacy the position of a curate
subtype: #curatorship the position of curator
subtype: #custodianship the position of custodian
subtype: #deanship__deanery the position or office of a dean
subtype: #directorship the position of a director of a business concern
subtype: #discipleship the position of disciple
subtype: #editorship the position of editor
subtype: #eldership the office of elder
subtype: #emirate the office of an emir
subtype: #foremanship the position of foreman
subtype: #generalship the office of general
subtype: #governorship the office of governor
subtype: #headship the position of head
subtype: #headship.berth (British) the position of headmaster or headmistress
subtype: #headmastership the position of headmaster
subtype: #headmistressship the position of headmistress
subtype: #hot_seat__hotseat a difficult position where you are subjected to stress and criticism
subtype: #incumbency the office of an incumbent
subtype: #inspectorship the office of inspector
subtype: #instructorship the position of instructor
subtype: #internship the position of intern
subtype: #judgship__judgeship__judicature the position of judge
subtype: #lectureship the post of lecturer
subtype: #legateship__legation the post or office of legate
subtype: #legislatorship the office of legislator
subtype: #librarianship the position of librarian
subtype: #lieutenancy the position of a lieutenant
subtype: #magistracy the position of magistrate
subtype: #managership the position of manager
subtype: #marshalship the post of marshall
subtype: #mastership the position of master
subtype: #mayoralty the position of mayor
subtype: #messiahship the position of messiah
subtype: #moderatorship the position of moderator
subtype: #overlordship the position of overlord
subtype: #pastorship__pastorate the position of pastor
subtype: #praetorship the office of praetor
subtype: #precentorship the position of precentor
subtype: #preceptorship the position of preceptor
subtype: #prefecture the office of prefect
subtype: #prelacy__prelature the office or station of a prelate
subtype: #premiership the office of premier
subtype: #presidentship__presidency the office and function of president; "Andrew Jackson expanded the power of the presidency beyond what was customary before his time"
subtype: #President__President_of_the_United_States__Chief_Executive the office of the US head of state; "a President is elected every four years"
subtype: #primateship the office of primate
subtype: #principalship the post of principal
subtype: #priorship the office of prior
subtype: #proconsulship__proconsulate the position of proconsul
subtype: #proctorship the position of proctor
subtype: #professorship__chair the position of professor
subtype: #protectorship the position of protector
subtype: #receivership the office of a receiver
subtype: #regency the office of a regent
subtype: #rulership the position of ruler
subtype: #secretaryship the position of secretary
subtype: #Attorney_General_of_the_United_States__Attorney_General the position of the head of the Justice Department and the chief law enforcement officer of the United States; "the post of Attorney General was created in 1789"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Agriculture__Agriculture_Secretary the position of the head of the Department of Agriculture; "the post of Secretary of Agriculture was established in 1889"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Commerce__Commerce_Secretary the position of the head of the Department of Commerce; "the position of Commerce Secretary was created in 1913"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Defense__Defense_Secretary the position of the head of the Department of Defense; "the position of Defense Secretary was created in 1947"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Education__Education_Secretary the position of the head of the Education Department; "the post of Education Secretary was created in 1979"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Energy__Energy_Secretary the position of the head of the Department of Energy; "the post of Energy Secretary was created in 1977"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services the position of the head of the Department of Health and Human Services; "the post of Secretary of Health and Human Services was created by Congress in 1979"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development the position of the head of the Department of Housing and Urban Development; "the position of Secretary of Housing and Urban Development was created in 1966"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Labor__Labor_Secretary the position of the head of the Department of Labor; "the post of Labor Secretary was created in 1913"
subtype: #Secretary_of_State the position of the head of the State Department; "the position of Secretary of State was established in 1789"
subtype: #Secretary_of_the_Interior__Interior_Secretary the position of the head of the Department of the Interior; "the position of Interior Secretary was created in 1849"
subtype: #Secretary_of_the_Treasury__Treasury_Secretary the position of the head of the Treasury Department; "the position of Treasury Secretary was created in 1789"
subtype: #Secretary_of_Transportation__Transportation_Secretary the position of the head of the Department of Transportation; "the post of Transportation Secretary was created in 1966
subtype: #Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs the position of the head of the Department of Veterans Affairs; "the post of Secretary of Veterans Affairs was created in 1989"
subtype: #Secretary_of_War__War_Secretary head of a former executive department; combined with the Navy Secretary to form the Defense Secretary in 1947
subtype: #Secretary_of_the_Navy__Navy_Secretary head of a former executive department; combined with the War Secretary to form the Defense Secretary in 1947
subtype: #Secretary_of_Commerce_and_Labor head of a former executive department created in 1903 and divided into two departments in 1913
subtype: #Secretary_of_Health_Education_and_Welfare head of a former executive department created in 1953 and divided into two departments in 1979
subtype: #senatorship the office of senator
subtype: #sinecure an office that involves minimal duties
subtype: #solicitorship the position of solicitor
subtype: #speakership the position of speaker
subtype: #stewardship the position of steward
subtype: #studentship the position of student
subtype: #teachership the position of teacher
subtype: #thaneship the position of thane
subtype: #throne the position and power of one who occupies a throne
subtype: #treasurership the position of treasurer
subtype: #tribuneship the position of tribune
subtype: #viceroyship the position of viceroy
subtype: #viziership the position of vizier
subtype: #wardenship the position of warden
subtype: #wardership the position of warder
subtype: #treadmill.line_of_work__salt_mine a job involving drudgery and confinement
subtype: #trade.line_of_work__craft the skilled practice of a practical occupation; "he learned his trade as an apprentice"
subtype: #airplane_mechanics the craft of building and repairing airplanes
subtype: #auto_mechanics the craft of building and repairing automobiles
subtype: #basketry the craft of basket making
subtype: #bookbinding the craft of binding books
subtype: #carpentry__woodworking__woodwork the craft of a carpenter: making things out of wood
subtype: #cabinetry__cabinetwork the craft of making furniture (especially furniture of high quality)
subtype: #cabinetmaking__joinery the craft of a joiner
subtype: #drafting.trade__mechanical_drawing the craft of drawing blueprints
subtype: #dressmaking the craft of making dresses
subtype: #couture high fashion designing and dressmaking
subtype: #electrical_work the craft of an electrician
subtype: #interior_decoration__interior_design the trade of planning the layout and furnishings of an architectural interior
subtype: #lighting the craft of providing artificial light; "an interior decorator must understand lighting"
subtype: #masonry the craft of a mason
subtype: #bricklaying the craft of laying bricks
subtype: #house_painting__housepainting__painting the occupation of a house painter; "house painting was the only craft he knew"
subtype: #piloting__pilotage the occupation of a pilot
subtype: #plumbing__plumbery the occupation of a plumber (installing and repairing pipes and fixtures for water or gas or sewage in a building)
subtype: #pottery the craft of making earthenware
subtype: #pyrotechny__pyrotechnics the craft of making fireworks
subtype: #shoemaking__shoe_repairing__cobbling the shoemaker's trade
subtype: #roofing the craft of a roofer
subtype: #slating the act of laying slates for a roof
subtype: #sheet-metal_work__sheetmetalwork the craft of doing sheet metal work (as in ventilation systems)
subtype: #shingling the laying on of shingles; "shingling is a draft very different from carpentry"
subtype: #tailoring the occupation of a tailor
subtype: #tool-and-die_work the craft of making special tools and dies
subtype: #typography the craft of composing type and printing from it
subtype: #undertaking the trade of an funeral director
subtype: #upholstery the craft of upholstering
subtype: #winemaking the craft and science of making wine
subtype: #profession an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)
subtype: #learned_profession__learnedprofession one of the three professions traditionally believed to require advanced learning and high principles
subtype: #practice_of_law__law the learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system; "he studied law at Yale"
subtype: #practice_of_medicine__medicine the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries; "he studied medicine at Harvard"
subtype: #preventive_medicine the branch of medicine concerned with preventing disease; "the medical establishment doesn't profit from preventive medicine"
subtype: #alternative_medicine__alternativemedicine__complementarymedicine the practice of medicine without the use of drugs; may involve self-awareness
subtype: #theology the learned profession acquired by specialized courses in religion (usually taught at a college or seminary); "he studied theology at Oxford"
subtype: #literature.profession the profession or art of a writer; "her place in literature is secure"
subtype: #architecture the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their esthetic effect
subtype: #education the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
subtype: #pedagogy__teaching__instruction the profession of a teacher; "he prepared for teaching while still in college"; "pedagogy is recognized as an important profession"
subtype: #catechesis oral religious instruction (as before baptism or confirmation)
subtype: #catechetical_instruction teaching religious principles by questions and answers
subtype: #language_teaching teaching people to speak and understand a foreign language
subtype: #teaching_reading teaching beginners to read
subtype: #phonics__phonic teaching reading by training beginners to associate letters with their sound values
subtype: #whole-word_method teaching reading by training beginners to associate printed words with spoken words
subtype: #schooling the act of teaching at school
subtype: #indoctrination teaching someone to accept doctrines uncritically
subtype: #brainwashing forcible indoctrination into a new set of attitudes and beliefs
subtype: #inculcation__ingraining__instilling teaching or impressing upon the mind by frequent instruction or repetition
subtype: #tutorship__tutelage__tuition teaching pupils individually (usually by a tutor hired privately)
subtype: #lesson a unit of instruction; "he took driving lessons"
subtype: #language_lesson a period of instruction learning a language
subtype: #French_lesson instruction in the French language
subtype: #German_lesson instruction in the German language
subtype: #Hebrew_lesson instruction in the Hebrew language
subtype: #dance_lesson__dancelesson a lesson in dancing
subtype: #music_lesson__musiclesson a lesson in performing music
subtype: #piano_lesson__pianolesson a lesson in playing the piano
subtype: #violin_lesson a less in playing the violin
subtype: #tennis_lesson a lesson in playing tennis
subtype: #golf_lesson a lesson in playing gold
subtype: #sleep-learning__sleeplearning__hypnopedia teaching during sleep (as by suing recordings to teach a foreign language to someone who is asleep)
subtype: #spoonfeeding teaching in an overly simplified way that discourages independent thought
subtype: #lecturing__lecture teaching by giving a discourse on some subject (typically to a class)
subtype: #talk a act of giving a talk to an audience; "I attended an interesting talk on local history"
subtype: #chalk_talk__chalktalk a talk that uses a blackboard and chalk
subtype: #journalism the profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the media
subtype: #newspapering journalism practiced for the newspapers
subtype: #politics the profession devoted to governing and to political affairs
subtype: #technology__engineering the practical application of science to commerce or industry
subtype: #aeronautical_engineering the activity of designing and constructing aircraft
subtype: #automotive_technology__automotive_engineering the activity of designing and constructing automobiles
subtype: #chemical_engineering the activity of applying chemistry to the solution of practical problems
subtype: #communications_technology the activity of designing and constructing and maintaining communication systems
subtype: #digital_communications_technology the design and construction of communications technology that transmits information in digital form
subtype: #computer_technology the activity of designing and constructing and programming computers
subtype: #rail_technology__railroading the activity of designing and constructing and operating railroads
subtype: #magnetic_levitation high-speed rail technology; train is suspended on a magnetic cushion above a magnetized track and so travels free of friction
subtype: #metier__medium an occupation for which you are especially well suited; "in law he found his true metier"
subtype: #accountancy__accounting the occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business
subtype: #cost_accounting keeping account of the costs of items in production
subtype: #costing (British) cost accounting
subtype: #bookkeeping__clerking the activity of recording business transactions
subtype: #single_entry__single-entry_bookkeeping a simple bookkeeping system; transactions are entered in only one account
subtype: #double_entry__double-entry_bookkeeping bookkeeper debits the transaction to one account and credits it to another
subtype: #inventory_accounting__inventoryaccounting accounting that controls and evaluates inventory
subtype: #inventory_control__inventorycontrol supervision of the supply and storage and accessibility of items in order to insure an adequate supply without excessive oversupply
subtype: #FIFO.inventory_accounting__fifo__first_in_first_out inventory accounting in which the oldest items (those first acquired) are assumed to be the first sold
subtype: #LIFO.inventory_accounting__lifo__last_in_first_out inventory accounting in which the most recently acquired items are assumed to be the first sold
subtype: #photography.line_of_work the occupation of taking and printing photographs or making movies
subtype: #catering providing food and services
subtype: #occupation any activity that occupies a person's attention; "he missed the bell in his occupation with the computer game"
subtype: #committal_to_writing__writing the activity of putting something in written form: "she did the thinking while he did the writing"
subtype: #cryptography__coding__secret_writing act of writing in code or cipher
subtype: #encoding__encryption the activity of converting from plain text into code
subtype: #compression encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required
subtype: #image_compression__imagecompression the compression of graphics for storage or transmission
subtype: #data_encryption (computer science) the encryption of data for security purposes
subtype: #recoding converting from one code to another
subtype: #decoding__decryption__decipherment the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text; "a secret key or password is required for decryption"
subtype: #decompression restoring compressed information to its normal form for use or display
subtype: #handwriting the activity of writing by hand: "handwriting can be slow and painful for one with arthritis"
subtype: #stenography the act or art of writing in shorthand: "stenography is no longer a marketable skill"
subtype: #subscription.handwriting the act of signing your name; writing your signature (as on a document); "the deed was attested by the subscription of his signature"
subtype: #inscription the activity of inscribing (especially carving or engraving) letters or words
subtype: #superscription the activity of superscribing
subtype: #role normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting; "what is your role on the team?"
subtype: #gender_role the overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness; "your gender role is the public expression of your gender identity"
subtype: #position.role (in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player; "what position does he play?"
subtype: #goalkeeper__goalie__goaltender__netkeeper the defensive position on an ice hockey or soccer or lacrosse team who stands in front of the goal and tries to prevent opposing players from scoring
subtype: #pitcher__mound the position on a baseball team of the player who throws the ball for a batter to try to hit; "he has played every position except pitcher"; "they have a southpaw on the mound"
subtype: #catcher.position__plate the position on a baseball team of the player who is stationed behind home plate and who catches the balls that the pitcher throws; "a catcher needs a lot of protective equipment"; "he plays behind the plate"
subtype: #first_base.position__firstbase__first the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed at first base
subtype: #second_base.position__secondbase__second the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near 2nd base
subtype: #shortstop.position__short the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed between 2nd and 3rd base
subtype: #third_base__thirdbase__third the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near 3rd base; "he is playing third"
subtype: #left_field the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is expected to field balls in the left third of the outfield (looking from home plate)
subtype: #center_field the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is expected to field balls in the central third of the outfield
subtype: #right_field__rightfield the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is expected to field balls in the right third of the outfield (looking from home plate)
subtype: #forward a position on a basketball team
subtype: #center.basketball_position a position on a basketball team of the player who participates in the center jump to start the game
subtype: #guard.position a position on a basketball team
subtype: #football_back_position__back the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage
subtype: #linebacker__line_backer the position of a defensive football player who plays close behind the line of scrimmage
subtype: #quarterback__signal_caller__field_general__fieldgeneral the position of the football player in the backfield who directs the offensive play of his team; "quarterback is the most important position on the team"
subtype: #fullback the position of a back on a football team
subtype: #halfback the position of a back on a football team
subtype: #tailback the position of the offensive back on a football team who lines up farthest from the line of scrimmage
subtype: #wingback the position of the offensive back who lines up behind or outside the end
subtype: #lineman the position of a player on a football team who is stationed on the line of scrimmage
subtype: #center.lineman the position of the player on the line of scrimmage who puts the ball in play; "it is a center's responsibility to get the football to the quarterback"
subtype: #guard.lineman a position on the line of scrimmage; "guards must be good blockers"
subtype: #tackle a position on the line of scrimmage; "it takes a big man to play tackle"
subtype: #end.lineman a position on the line of scrimmage; "no one wanted to play end"
subtype: #mid-off__midoff the fielding position in cricket closest to the bowler on the off side
subtype: #mid-on__midon the fielding position in cricket closest to the bowler on the on side
subtype: #center.hockey_position the position on a hockey team of the player who participates in the face off at the beginning of the game
subtype: #cleanup_position__cleanupposition__cleanup__cleanup_spot__cleanupspot (baseball) the fourth position in the batting order (usually filled by the best batter on the team)
subtype: #actus_reus__wrongdoing__misconduct activity that transgresses moral or civil law; "he denied any wrongdoing"
subtype: #violation__trespass__encroachment__intrusion entry to another's property without right or permission
subtype: #inroad an encroachment or intrusion; "they made inroads in the US market"
subtype: #tort__civil_wrong__civilwrong any wrongdoing for which and action for damages may be brought
subtype: #alienation_of_affection a tort based on willful and malicious interference with the marriage relation by a third party without justification or excuse
subtype: #invasion_of_privacy the wrongful intrusion by individuals or the government into private affairs with which the public has no concern
subtype: #trespass a wrongful interference with the possession of property (personal property as well as realty), or the action instituted to recover damages
subtype: #continuing_trespass trespass that is not transient or intermittent but continues as long as the offending object remains; "dumping his garbage on my land was a case of continuing trespass"
subtype: #trespass_de_bonis_asportatis an action brought to recover damages from a person who has taken goods or property from its rightful owner
subtype: #trespass_on_the_case an action brought to recover damages from a person whose actions have resulted indirectly in injury or loss; "a person struck by a log as it was thrown onto a road could maintain trespass against the thrower but one who was hurt by stumbling over it could maintain and action on the case"
subtype: #trespass_quare_clausum_fregit the defendant unlawfully enters the land of the plaintiff
subtype: #trespass_viet_armis trespass with force and arms resulting in injury to another's person or property
subtype: #malversation misconduct in public office
subtype: #misbehavior__misbehaviour__misdeed improper or wicked or immoral behavior
subtype: #juvenile_delinquency__delinquency an antisocial misdeed in violation of the law by a minor
subtype: #mischief-making__mischief__mischievousness__deviltry__devilry__rascality__roguery__roguishnes reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others
subtype: #hell__blaze noisy and unrestrained mischief; "raising blazes"
subtype: #vandalism__hooliganism__malicious_mischief__maliciousmischief willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others
subtype: #ruffianism violent lawless behavior
subtype: #indecorum__familiarity__impropriety__liberty an act of undue intimacy
subtype: #abnormality__irregularity behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality
subtype: #deviance__deviation deviate behavior
subtype: #impropriety__indecency an indecent or improper act
subtype: #obscenity an obscene act
subtype: #peccadillo__indiscretion a petty misdeed
subtype: #infantilism infantile behavior in mature persons
subtype: #misfeasance doing a proper act in a wrongful or injurious manner
subtype: #malfeasance__malpractice a wrongful act that the actor had no right to do; improper professional conduct; "he charged them with electoral malpractices"
subtype: #malpractice professional wrongdoing that results in injury or damage; "the widow sued his surgeon for malpractice"
subtype: #perversion the action of perverting something (turning it to a wrong use); "it was a perversion of justice"
subtype: #legal_injury__legalinjury__wrong__damage a legal injury is any damage resulting from a violation of a legal right
subtype: #injury an act that injures someone
subtype: #disservice__ill_service__illservice__ill_turn__illturn an act intended to help that turns out badly; "he did them a disservice"
subtype: #spoiling__spoil__spoilage the act of spoiling something by causing damage to it; "her spoiling my dress was deliberate"
subtype: #injustice__unfairness__iniquity an unjust act
subtype: #infliction an act causing pain or damage
subtype: #transgression__evildoing the act of transgressing; evil behavior; going beyond allowable limits
subtype: #evil.transgression__immorality__wickedness__iniquity morally objectionable behavior
subtype: #deviltry__devilry wicked and cruel behavior
subtype: #foul_play unfair or treacherous behavior (especially involving violence)
subtype: #irreverence.evil__violation a disrespectful act
subtype: #profanation__desecration__blasphemy__sacrilege blasphemous behavior
subtype: #villainy a treacherous or vicious act
subtype: #turpitude__depravity a corrupt or depraved or degenerate act or practice: "the various turpitudes of modern society"
subtype: #vice a specific form of evildoing; "vice offends the moral standards of the community"
subtype: #gambling__gaming__play the act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning (including the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize); "his gambling cost him a fortune"; "there was heavy play at the blackjack table"
subtype: #intemperateness__intemperatenes__self-indulgence immoderate indulgence of bodily appetites
subtype: #profligacy__dissipation__dissolution__licentiousness dissolute indulgence in sensual pleasure
subtype: #jag a bout of drinking or drug taking
subtype: #intemperance.vice__intemperateness__intemperatenes consumption of alcoholic drinks
subtype: #drinking__drink__boozing__drunkenness__drunkennes the act of drinking alcoholic beverages to excess; "drink was his downfall"
subtype: #drinking_bout a long period of drinking
subtype: #sinning__sin an act that is regarded by theologians as a transgression of God's will
subtype: #fall a lapse into sin; a loss of innocence or of chastity; "a fall from virtue"
subtype: #actual_sin a sin committed of your own free will (as contrasted with original sin)
subtype: #original_sin a sin inherited by all descendants of Adam; "Adam and Even committed the original sin when they ate the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden"
subtype: #mortal_sin__deadly_sin an unpardonable sin entailing a total loss of grace; theologians list 7 mortal sins
subtype: #superbia__pride unreasonable and inordinate self-esteem (personified as one of the deadly sins)
subtype: #invidia__envy spite and resentment at seeing the success of another (personified as one of the deadly sins)
subtype: #avarice__greed__covetousness__rapacity__avaritia reprehensible acquisitiveness; insatiable desire for wealth (personified as one of the deadly sins)
subtype: #laziness__sloth__acedia apathy and inactivity in the practice of virtue (personified as one of the deadly sins)
subtype: #anger__wrath__ire belligerence aroused by a real or supposed wrong (personified as one of the deadly sins)
subtype: #overeating__gluttony__gula eating to excess (personified as one of the deadly sins)
subtype: #lust__luxuria self-indulgent sexual desire (personified as one of the deadly sins)
subtype: #venial_sin a pardonable sin regarded as entailing only a partial loss of grace
subtype: #terrorization__terrorisation an act of terrorism
subtype: #law-breaking__lawbreaking__crime an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act; "a long record of crimes"
subtype: #capital_offense__capitaloffense a crime so serious that capital punishment is considered appropriate
subtype: #felony a serious crime
subtype: #capture.felony__seizure the act of taking of a person by force
subtype: #abduction.capture the criminal act of capturing and carrying away by force a family member; if a man's wife is abducted it is a crime against the family relationship and against the wife
subtype: #kidnapping__snatch (law) the unlawful act of capturing and carrying away a person against their will and holding them in false imprisonment
subtype: #racketeering engaging in a racket
subtype: #bribery__graft the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit advantage
subtype: #commercial_bribery bribery of a purchasing agent in order to induce the agent to enter into a transaction
subtype: #larceny__thievery__thieving__stealing the act of taking something from someone unlawfully; "the thieving is awful at Kennedy International"
subtype: #breach_of_trust_with_fraudulent_intent larceny after trust rather than after unlawful taking
subtype: #embezzlement__peculation__defalcation__misapplication__misappropriation the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property entrusted to your care but actually owned by someone else
subtype: #raid an attempt by speculators to defraud investors
subtype: #plunderage a act of plundering (especially the embezzlement of goods on shipboard)
subtype: #pilferage the act of stealing small amounts or small articles
subtype: #shoplifting__shrinkage the act of stealing goods that are on display in a store; "shrinkage is the retail trade's euphemism for shoplifting"
subtype: #robbery larceny by threat of violence
subtype: #armed_robbery__armedrobbery__heist__stickup robbery at gunpoint
subtype: #caper.robbery__job a crime (especially a robbery); "the gang pulled off a bank job in St. Louis"
subtype: #dacoity__dakoity (in India and Burma) robbery by a gang of armed dacoits
subtype: #heist__ripoff (slang) the act of stealing
subtype: #highjacking__hijacking robbery of a traveller or vehicle by force
subtype: #piracy__buccaneering robbery on the high seas; taking a ship away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it
subtype: #rolling the act of robbing a helpless person; "he was charged with rolling drunks in the park"
subtype: #grand_larceny__grandlarceny larceny of property having a value greater than some amount (the amount varies by locale)
subtype: #petit_larceny__petitlarceny__petty_larceny__pettylarceny larceny of property having a value less than some amount (the amount varies by locale)
subtype: #skimming.larceny failure to declare income in order to avoid paying taxes on it
subtype: #rustling the stealing of cattle
subtype: #extortion the felonious act of extorting money (as by threats of violence)
subtype: #blackmail extortion of money by threats to divulge discrediting information
subtype: #protection.extortion__tribute payment extorted by gangsters on threat of violence; "every store in the neighborhood had to pay him protection"
subtype: #shakedown (slang) extortion of money (as by blackmail)
subtype: #burglary entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable property
subtype: #housebreaking__break-in__breakin__breaking_and_entering trespassing for an unlawful purpose; illegal entrance into premises with criminal intent
subtype: #forgery criminal falsification by making or altering an instrument with intent to defraud
subtype: #fraud intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
subtype: #mail_fraud use of the mails to defraud someone
subtype: #election_fraud misrepresentation or alteration of the true results of an election
subtype: #constructive_fraud__legal_fraud__legalfraud comprises all acts or omissions or concealments involving breach of equitable or legal duty or trust or confidence
subtype: #fraud_in_law fraud that is presumed from the circumstances although the one who commits it need not have had any evil intent
subtype: #extrinsic_fraud__extrinsicfraud__collateral_fraud fraud that prevents a party from knowing their rights or from having a fair opportunity of presenting them at trial
subtype: #fraud_in_fact__positive_fraud actual deceit; concealing something or making a false representation with an evil intent to cause injury to another
subtype: #fraud_in_the_factum fraud that arises from a disparity between the instrument intended to be executed and the instrument actually executed; e.g., leading someone to sign the wrong contract
subtype: #fraud_in_the_inducement fraud which intentionally causes a person to execute and instrument or make an agreement or render a judgment; e.g., misleading someone about the true facts
subtype: #intrinsic_fraud__intrinsicfraud fraud (as by use of forged documents or false claims or perjury) that misleads a court or jury and induces a finding for the one perpetrating the fraud
subtype: #swindle__cheat the act of swindling by some fraudulent scheme: "that book is a fraud"
subtype: #scam__cozenage a fraudulent business scheme
subtype: #bunco_game__buncogame__bunco__bunko__bunko_game__bunkogame__confidence_trick__confidence_game__con_game__congame__gyp__hustle__sting__flimflam a swindle in which you cheat at gambling or persuade a person to buy worthless property
subtype: #holdout the act of hiding playing cards in a gambling game so they are available for personal use later
subtype: #swiz British
subtype: #shell_game__shellgame__thimblerig a swindling sleight-of-hand game; victim guesses which of three things a pellet is under
subtype: #hijack__highjack seizure of a vehicle in transit either to rob it or divert it to an alternate destination
subtype: #mayhem the willful and unlawful crippling or mutilation of another person
subtype: #misdemeanor__misdemeanour__infraction__offence__offense__violation__infringement a crime less serious than a felony
subtype: #disorderly_conduct__disorderly_behavior__disturbance_of_the_peace__breach_of_the_peace any act of molesting or interrupting or hindering or disquieting or agitating or arousing from a state of repose or otherwise depriving inhabitants of the peace and quiet to which they are entitled
subtype: #false_pretense__falsepretense__false_pretence__falsepretence (law) an offense involving intent to defraud and false representation and obtaining property as a result of that misrepresentation
subtype: #indecent_exposure__public_nudity vulgar and offensive nakedness in a public place
subtype: #perjury__bearing_false_witness__bearingfalsewitnes__lyingunderoath criminal offense of making false statements under oath
subtype: #sedition an illegal action inciting resistance to lawful authority and tending to cause the disruption or overthrow of the government
subtype: #perpetration__commission__committal the act of committing a crime
subtype: #rape__violation__assault__ravishment__sexual_assault the crime of forcing a woman to submit to sexual intercourse against her will
subtype: #date_rape rape in which the rapist is known to the victim (as when they are on a date together)
subtype: #statutory_rape__statutoryrape__carnal_abuse sexual intercourse with a girl who has not reached the age of consent (even if both parties participate willingly)
subtype: #attempt__attack the act of attacking; "attacks on women increased last year"; "they made an attempt on his life"
subtype: #assault.attempt a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who appears to be able to cause bodily harm if not stopped
subtype: #aggravated_assault a reckless attack with intent to injure seriously (as with a deadly weapon)
subtype: #battery an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact
subtype: #resisting_arrest__resistingarrest physical efforts to oppose a lawful arrest; the resistance is classified as assault and battery upon the person of the police officer attempting to make the arrest
subtype: #mugging assault with intent to rob
subtype: #statutory_offense__statutoryoffense__statutory_offence__statutoryoffence__regulatory_offense__regulatory_offence crimes created by statutes and not by common law
subtype: #bigamy the offense of having two or more wives or husbands living at the same time
subtype: #thuggery violent or brutal acts as of thugs
subtype: #high_treason__treason__lese_majesty a crime that undermines the offender's government
subtype: #vice_crime a vice that is illegal
subtype: #unlicensed_gambling unlicensed gambling is illegal in most jurisdictions
subtype: #prostitution__harlotry__whoredom offering sexual intercourse for pay
subtype: #victimless_crime an act that is legally a crime but that seem to have no victims; "he considers prostitution to be a victimless crime"
subtype: #war_crime__warcrime a crime committed in wartime; violation of rules of war
subtype: #crime an evil act not necessarily punishable by law; "crimes of the heart"
subtype: #inside_job some transgression committed with the assistance of someone trusted by the victim; "the police decided that the crime was an inside job"
subtype: #knavery__dishonesty lack of honesty; acts of lying or cheating or stealing
subtype: #treachery__betrayal__treason__perfidy an act of deliberate betrayal
subtype: #double_cross__double-crossing an act of betrayal; "he gave us the old double cross"; "I could no longer tolerate his impudent double-crossing"
subtype: #sellout an act of betrayal
subtype: #charlatanism__quackery the dishonesty of a charlatan
subtype: #trick an attempt to get you to do something foolish or imprudent; "that offer was a dirty trick"
subtype: #falsification__misrepresentation__falsehood a willful act of falsifying
subtype: #frame-up__frameup__setup an act that incriminates someone on a false charge
subtype: #overrefinement__distortion__straining__torture the act of distorting something so it seems to mean something it was not intended to mean
subtype: #tergiversation__equivocation falsification by means of vague or ambiguous language
subtype: #lying__prevarication__fabrication the deliberate act of deviating from the truth
subtype: #fibbing__paltering a trivial act of lying or being deliberately unclear
subtype: #deception__deceit__dissembling__dissimulation the act of deceiving
subtype: #fakery the act of faking (or the product of faking)
subtype: #indirection.deception deceitful action that is not straightforward; "he could see through the indirections of diplomats"
subtype: #chicanery__trickery__guile__wile__shenanigan the use of tricks to deceive someone (usually to extract money from them)
subtype: #fraudulence__fraud__dupery__hoax__humbug__put-on__puton something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage
subtype: #goldbrick anything that is supposed to be valuable but turns out to be worthless
subtype: #jugglery.chicanery artful trickery designed to achieve an end; "the senator's tax program was mere jugglery"
subtype: #double-dealing__duplicity acting in bad faith; deception by pretending to entertain one set of intentions while acting under the influence of another
subtype: #cheat__cheating a deception for profit to yourself
subtype: #gerrymander an act of gerrymandering (dividing a voting area so as to give your own party an unfair advantage)
subtype: #head_game__delusion__illusion the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas
subtype: #pretending__pretense__pretence__simulation__feigning the act of giving a false appearance; "his conformity was only pretending"
subtype: #appearance.pretending__show pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression; "they try to keep up appearances"; "that ceremony is just for show"
subtype: #make-believe the enactment of a pretense
subtype: #affectation__mannerism__pose a deliberate pretense or exaggerated display
subtype: #attitude a theatrical pose created for effect; "the actor struck just the right attitude"
subtype: #masquerade making a false outward show; "a beggar's masquerade of wealth"
subtype: #imposture__impersonation pretending to be another person
subtype: #obscurantism a deliberate act intended to make something obscure
subtype: #four_flush__bluff the act of bluffing in poker; deception by a false show of confidence in the strength of your cards
subtype: #forgery criminal falsification by making or altering an instrument with intent to defraud
subtype: #infringement__violation an act that disregards an agreement or a right; "he claimed a violation of his rights under the Fifth Amendment"
subtype: #copyright_infringement__copyrightinfringement__infringement_of_copyright a violation of the rights secured by a copyright
subtype: #plagiarization__plagiarism__plagiarisation__piracy the act of plagiarizing; taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own
subtype: #foul (sports) an act that violates of the rules of the sport
subtype: #foul_ball (in baseball) a ball struck with the bat so that it does not stay between the lines (the foul lines) that define the width of the playing field
subtype: #personal_foul (sports) a foul that involves unnecessarily rough contact (as in basketball or football)
subtype: #patent_infringement violation of the rights secured by a patent
subtype: #waste__wastefulness__dissipation useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly: "if the effort brings no compensating gain it is a waste"; "mindless dissipation of natural resources"
subtype: #waste_of_effort__waste_of_energy a useless effort
subtype: #waste_of_material a useless consumption of material
subtype: #waste_of_money money spent for inadequate return; "the senator said that the project was a waste of money"
subtype: #waste_of_time the devotion of time to a useless activity; "the waste of time could prove fatal"
subtype: #lavishness__extravagance__prodigality__high_life excessive spending
subtype: #squandering spending resources lavishly and wastefully; "more wasteful than the squandering of time"
subtype: #squandermania prodigious squandering (usually by a government)
subtype: #effort__attempt__endeavor__endeavour__try earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something: "made an effort to cover all the reading material"; "wished him luck in his endeavor"; "she gave it a good try"
subtype: #batting (in baseball) the batter's attempt to get on base
subtype: #best the supreme effort one can make: "they did their best"
subtype: #worst the weakest effort or poorest achievement one is capable of: "it was the worst he had ever done on a test"
subtype: #bid__play an attempt to get something; "they made a futile play for power"; "he made a bid to gain attention"
subtype: #braving__confronting__coping_with__grappling__tackling taking the bull by the horns
subtype: #face.braving__facing the act of confronting bravely; "he hated facing the facts"; "he excelled in the face of danger"
subtype: #go__crack__fling__pass__whirl__offer a usually brief attempt; "he took a crack at it"; "I gave it a whirl"
subtype: #essay a tentative attempt
subtype: #foray an initial attempt (especially outside your usual areas of competence); "scientists' forays into politics"
subtype: #contribution.effort__part__share any one of a number of individual efforts in a common endeavor: "I am proud of my contribution to the team's success"; "they all did their share of the work"
subtype: #end.contribution the part you are expected to play; "he held up his end"
subtype: #mug's_game__mug'sgame a futile or unprofitable endeavor
subtype: #power_play__powerplay__squeeze_play__squeezeplay__squeeze an aggressive attempt to compel acquiescence by the concentration or manipulation of power
subtype: #research_effort an attempt to solve some problem through research
subtype: #seeking an attempt to acquire or gain something
subtype: #shot.effort an informal word for any attempt or effort; "he gave it his best shot"
subtype: #shot an attempt to score in a game
subtype: #basketball_shot throwing the basketball toward the hoop; "his shot hit the rim and bounced out"
subtype: #bank_shot a basketball shot that bounces off of the backboard
subtype: #dunk_shot__dunk__stuff_shot__stuffshot a basketball shot in which the basketball is propelled downward into the basket
subtype: #slam-dunk a forceful dunk
subtype: #finger-roll a basketball shot that rolls off the tips of the fingers into the basket
subtype: #foul_shot__free_throw__penalty_free_throw__charity_toss__charity_throw__charitythrow__charity_shot__charityshot an unhindered basketball shot from the foul line; given to penalize the other team for committing a foul
subtype: #one-and-one__oneandone a foul shot that must be made in order to earn the right to a second foul shot
subtype: #hook_shot__hook a basketball shot made over the head with the hand that is farther from the basket
subtype: #jump_shot__jumper a player releases the basketball at the high point of a jump
subtype: #lay-up__layup__layup a basketball shot made with one hand from a position under or beside the basket (and usually banked off the backboard)
subtype: #pivot_shot__pivotshot a one-handed basketball shot made while whirling on the pivot foot
subtype: #set_shot__setshot a two-handed basketball shot from a stationary position
subtype: #scoop_shot__scoopshot a basketball shot made with an underhand scooping motion
subtype: #tip_in__tipin a basketball shot made by tapping the rebounding ball back into the basket
subtype: #slapshot a fast shot made with a short powerful swing of the hockey stick
subtype: #headshot.shot an attempt to put the soccer ball into the net by using the head
subtype: #striving__nisus__nisu__pains__pain__strain an effortful attempt to attain a goal
subtype: #struggle.effort__battle an energetic attempt to achieve something; "getting through the crowd was a real struggle"; "he fought a battle for recognition"
subtype: #duel any struggle between two skillful opponents (individuals or groups)
subtype: #scramble__scuffle an unceremonious and disorganized struggle
subtype: #joust__tilt a combat between two mounted knights tilting against each other with blunted lances
subtype: #takeover_attempt an attempt to take control of a corporation
subtype: #bear_hug a takeover bid so attractive that the directors of the target company must approve it or risk shareholder protest
subtype: #proxy_fight a measure used by an acquirer to gain control of a takeover target; acquirer tries to persuade other shareholders that the management of the target should be replaced
subtype: #test__trial__run the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial"
subtype: #audition__tryout a test of the suitability of a performer
subtype: #screen_test a filmed audition of an actor or actress
subtype: #try-on__tryon__fitting__trying_on trying on clothes to see whether they fit
subtype: #pilot_project__pilotproject__pilot_program__pilotprogram activity planned as a test or trial; "they funded a pilot project in six states"
subtype: #test.effort__trial the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill"
subtype: #control the activity of managing or exerting control over something; "the control of the mob by the police was admirable"
subtype: #repression the act of repressing; control by holding down; "his goal was the repression of insolence"
subtype: #crowd_control__crowdcontrol activity of controlling a crowd
subtype: #damage_control an effort to minimize or curtail damage or loss
subtype: #flight_control control from ground stations of airplanes in flight by means of messages transmitted to the pilot electronically
subtype: #flood_control__floodcontrol (engineering) act or technique of trying to control rivers with dams etc to minimize occurrence of floods
subtype: #imperialism any instance of aggressive extension of authority
subtype: #regulating__regulation the act of regulating; "fiscal regulations are in the hands of politicians"
subtype: #autoregulation (physiology) maintaining a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism
subtype: #devaluation.regulating an official lowering of a nation's currency; a decrease in the value of a country's currency relative to that of foreign countries
subtype: #gun_control__guncontrol efforts to regulate or control sales of guns
subtype: #indexation a system of economic regulation: wages and interest are tied to the cost-of-living index in order to reduce the effects of inflation
subtype: #coordination the regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation
subtype: #synchronization__synchronisation__synchronizing coordinating by causing to indicate the same time; "the synchronization of their watches was an important preliminary"
subtype: #proration the proportional limitation of production or distribution of something (e.g. crude oil or natural gas) to some fractional part of the total capacity of each producer
subtype: #limitation__restriction an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation)
subtype: #load-shedding cutting off the electric current on certain lines when the demand becomes greater than the supply
subtype: #arms_control a limitation on the size and armament of the armed forces of a country
subtype: #freeze fixing (of prices or wages etc) at a particular level: "a freeze on hiring"
subtype: #hiring_freeze freeze on hiring
subtype: #price_freeze__pricefreeze freeze of prices at a given level
subtype: #wage_freeze freeze of wages at a given level
subtype: #clampdown sudden restriction on an activity
subtype: #quality_control__qualitycontrol maintenance of standards of quality of manufactured goods
subtype: #possessing_act__possession__ownership the act of possessing; "they took possession of the ball"
subtype: #holding__retention__keeping the act of keeping in your possession
subtype: #withholding.holding the act of holding back or keeping within your possession or control; "I resented his withholding permission"; "there were allegations of the withholding of evidence"
subtype: #storage the act of storing something
subtype: #filing preservation and methodical arrangement as of documents and papers etc: "I having some filing to do"
subtype: #riot_control_operations__riot_control the measures taken to control a riot
subtype: #taking_hold__grasping__seizing__prehension the act of gripping something firmly with the hands
subtype: #clutches__clasp__clench__clutch__grasp__grip__hold the act of grasping; "he released his clasp on my arm"; "he has a strong grip for an old man"; "she kept a firm hold on the railing"
subtype: #embracing__embrace the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection)
subtype: #cuddle__nestle__snuggle a close and affectionate (and often prolonged) embrace
subtype: #hug__clinch a tight embrace
subtype: #wrestling_hold__wrestlinghold a hold used in the sport of wrestling
subtype: #bear_hug.wrestling_hold__bearhug a wrestling hold with arms locked tightly around the opponent
subtype: #full_nelson a wrestling hold in which the holder puts both arms under the opponent's arms and exerts pressure on the back of the neck (illegal in amateur wrestling)
subtype: #half_nelson a wrestling hold in which the holder puts an arm under the opponent's arm and exerts press on the back of the neck
subtype: #Japanese_stranglehold a wrestling hold in which the opponent's arms are crossed in front of his own neck to exert pressure on his windpipe
subtype: #lock any wrestling hold in which some part of the opponent's body is twisted or pressured
subtype: #hammerlock a wrestling hold in which the opponent's arm is twisted up behind his back
subtype: #headlock a wrestling hold in which the opponent's head is locked between the crook of your elbow and the side of your body
subtype: #scissors_hold__scissors__scissor_grip__scissorgrip__scissors_grip a wrestling hold in which you wrap your legs around the opponents body or head and put your feet together and squeeze
subtype: #stranglehold a wrestling hold in which the arms are pressed against the opponent's windpipe
subtype: #toehold a wrestling hold in which the toe is held and the leg is twisted against the joints
subtype: #steering__steerage the act of steering a ship
subtype: #steering.control__guidance__direction the act of setting and holding a course; "a new council was installed under the direction of the king"
subtype: #driving the act of controlling and steering the movement of a vehicle or animal
subtype: #aim the action of directing something at an object; "he took aim and fired"
subtype: #pilotage__navigation__piloting the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place
subtype: #instrument_flying navigation of an airplane solely by instruments
subtype: #celestial_navigation__celestialnavigation__astronavigation navigating according to the positions of the stars
subtype: #dead_reckoning navigation without the aid of celestial observations
subtype: #celestial_guidance__celestialguidance a method of controlling the flight of a missile or spacecraft by reference to the positions of celestial bodies
subtype: #inertial_guidance__inertial_navigation a method of controlling the flight of a missile by devices that respond to inertial forces
subtype: #command_guidance__commandguidance a method of controlling the flight of a missile by commands originating from the ground or from another missile
subtype: #terrestrial_guidance__terrestrialguidance a method of controlling the flight of a missile by devices that respond to the strength and direction of the earth's gravitational field
subtype: #self-control__self-denial__self-discipline the act of denying yourself; controlling your impulses
subtype: #abstinence act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite
subtype: #sexual_abstention__chastity__celibacy abstaining from sexual relations
subtype: #sobriety.abstinence__temperance abstaining from excess
subtype: #teetotaling__teetotalism abstaining from alcohol
subtype: #fast__fasting abstaining from food
subtype: #hunger_strike a fast by a prisoner as a means of protest
subtype: #dieting__diet the act of restricting your food intake (or your intake of particular foods)
subtype: #inhibition__suppression (psychology) the conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or desires
subtype: #traffic_control__trafficcontrol control of the flow of traffic in a building or a city
subtype: #point_duty__pointduty (British) the control of traffic by a policeman stationed at an intersection
subtype: #price-fixing__pricefixing control (by agreement among producers or by government) of the price of a commodity in interstate commerce
subtype: #restraint the act controlling by restraining someone or something; "the unlawful restraint of trade"
subtype: #collar a figurative restraint; "a collar on program trading in the stock market"
subtype: #damper a depressing restraint; "rain put a damper on our picnic plans"
subtype: #curb__bridle__check the act of restraining power or action or limiting excess; "his common sense is a bridle to his quick temper"
subtype: #immobilization__immobilisation__immobilizing the act of limiting movement or making incapable of movement: "the immobilizing of the injured knee was necessary"; "the storm caused complete immobilization of the rescue team"
subtype: #confinement the act of restraining of a person's liberty by confining them
subtype: #imprisonment.confinement__internment the act of confining someone in a prison (or as if in a prison)
subtype: #false_imprisonment__falseimprisonment (law) confinement without legal authority
subtype: #custody holding by the police; "the suspect is in custody"
subtype: #house_arrest__housearrest confinement to your own home
subtype: #committal__commitment__consignment the official act of consigning a person to confinement (as in a prison or mental hospital)
subtype: #containment.restraint the act of containing; "the army was charged with the containment of the rebel forces"
subtype: #suppression__curtailment the act of suppressing
subtype: #crackdown severely repressive actions
subtype: #restraint_of_trade any act that tends to prevent free competition in business
subtype: #restriction the act of restricting by restraint
subtype: #classification restriction imposed by the government on documents or weapons that are available only to certain authorized people
subtype: #stipulation__specification a restriction that is insisted upon as a condition for an agreement
subtype: #circumscription the act of circumscribing
subtype: #constraint the act of constraining
subtype: #swaddling_clothes__swaddlingclothe restrictions placed on the immature
subtype: #protection the activity of protecting someone or something; "the witnesses demanded police protection"
subtype: #shielding the act of shielding from harm
subtype: #saving__preservation the activity of protecting something from loss or danger
subtype: #fixation__fixing (histology) the preservation and hardening of a tissue sample to retain as nearly as possible the same relations they had in the living body
subtype: #conservation the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources
subtype: #conservancy the official conservation of trees and soil and rivers etc.
subtype: #soil_conservation protection of soil against erosion or deterioration
subtype: #oil_conservation__oilconservation the conservation of petroleum resources
subtype: #water_conservation__waterconservation the conservation of water resources
subtype: #self-preservation preservation of yourself from harm; a natural or instinctive tendency
subtype: #reservation the act of keeping back or setting aside for some future occasion
subtype: #embalmment preservation (of a dead body) by treating with balsams and drugs and other chemicals
subtype: #mummification embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy
subtype: #momism__overprotection__overshielding excessive protection
subtype: #defense protection from harm; "sanitation is the best defense against disease"
subtype: #inoculating the act of protecting against disease by introducing a vaccine into the body to induce immunity; "doctors examined the recruits but nurses did the innoculating"
subtype: #patrol the activity of going around or through an area at regular intervals for security purposes
subtype: #self-defense__self-defence__self-protection the act of defending yourself
subtype: #martial_art__martialart any of several Oriental arts of weaponless self-defense; usually practiced as a sport; "he had a black belt in the martial arts"
subtype: #aikido a Japanese martial art employing principles similar to judo
subtype: #judo a sport adapted from jujitsu (using principles of not resisting) and similar to wrestling; developed in Japan
subtype: #jujitsu__jiujitsu a method of self-defense without weapons that was developed in China and Japan; holds and blows are supplemented by clever use of the attacker's own weight and strength
subtype: #karate a traditional Japanese system of unarmed combat; sharp blows and kicks are given to pressure-sensitive points on the body of the opponent
subtype: #Kung_Fu a Chinese martial art; combines principles of karate and judo
subtype: #tae_kwon_do a Korean martial art similar to karate
subtype: #insulation the act of insulating for the purposes of protecting something
subtype: #lining the act of attaching an inside lining (to a garment or curtain etc.)
subtype: #locking__lockup the act of locking something up to protect it
subtype: #accompaniment__escort the act of accompanying someone or something in order to protect them
subtype: #convoy the act of escorting while in transit
subtype: #covering.protection the act of protecting something by covering it
subtype: #immunization__immunisation the act of making immune (especially by inoculation)
subtype: #inoculation taking a vaccine as a precaution against contracting a disease
subtype: #sensitizing__sensitising__sensitization__sensitisation rendering an organism sensitive to a serum by a series of injections
subtype: #tutelage__care__charge__guardianship attention and management implying responsibility for safety; "he is under the care of a physician"
subtype: #providence the guardianship and control exercised by a deity; "divine providence"
subtype: #due_care__duecare__ordinary_care__reasonable_care the care that a reasonable man would exercise under the circumstances; the standard for determining legal duty
subtype: #great_care__greatcare greater care than is normally bestowed by prudent persons; "the pilot exercised great care in landing"
subtype: #slight_care such care as a careless or inattentive person would exercise
subtype: #ruggedization__ruggedisation the act of making a piece of equipment rugged (strengthening to resist wear or abuse)
subtype: #sealing__waterproofing the act of treating something to make it repel water
subtype: #civil_defense__civildefense activities organized by civilians for their own protection in time of war or disaster
subtype: #fire_watching (during World War II in Britain) watching for fires started by bombs that dropped from the sky
subtype: #sensory_activity__sensoryactivity activity intended to achieve a particular sensory result
subtype: #sensing__perception becoming aware of something via the senses
subtype: #looking__looking_at__lookingat the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually; "he went out to have a look"; "his look was fixed on her eyes"; "he gave it a good looking at"; "his camera does his looking for him"
subtype: #glance__glimpse__coupd'oeil a quick look
subtype: #eye-beaming a radiant glance of the eye; "he pretended profundity by eye-beamings at people"
subtype: #side-glance__side-look a glance sideways; "she shot him an impatient side-glance"
subtype: #scrutiny a prolonged intense look
subtype: #peek__peep a secret look
subtype: #stare a fixed look with eyes open wide
subtype: #gaze__regard a long fixed look; "he fixed his paternal gaze on me"
subtype: #glower__glare an angry stare
subtype: #contemplation a long and thoughtful observation
subtype: #gape a stare of amazement (usually with the mouth open)
subtype: #evil_eye a look that is believed to have the power of inflicting harm
subtype: #sightseeing__rubber-necking going about to look at places of interest
subtype: #watching__observation__observance the act of observing; taking a patient look
subtype: #monitoring the act of observing something (and sometimes keeping a record of it); "the monitoring of enemy communications plays an important role in war times"
subtype: #sighting the act of observing; "several sightings of enemy troops were reported"
subtype: #landfall the first sighting of land from the sea after a voyage (or flight over water)
subtype: #stargazing observation of the stars
subtype: #lookout__outlook the act of looking out
subtype: #view__survey__sight the act of looking or seeing or observing; "he tried to get a better view of it"; "his survey of the battlefield was limited"
subtype: #eyeful a full view; a good look; "they wanted to see violence and they got an eyeful"
subtype: #dekko British slang
subtype: #lipreading perceiving what a person is saying by observing the movements of the lips
subtype: #taste.sensing__tasting a kind of sensing; distinguishing substances by means of the taste buds; "a wine tasting"
subtype: #smelling__smell the act of perceiving the odor of something
subtype: #sniff__snuff sensing an odor by inhaling through the nose
subtype: nsm#hear
subtype: #listening__hearing the act of hearing attentively; "you can learn a lot by just listening"; "they make good music--you should give them a hearing"
subtype: #auscultation listening to sounds within the body (usually with a stethoscope)
subtype: #pleximetry__percussion tapping a part of the body for diagnostic purposes
subtype: #succussion shaking a person to determine whether a large amount of liquid is present in a body cavity
subtype: #relistening__rehearing the act of hearing again
subtype: #educational_activity__educationalactivity__education__instruction__teaching__pedagogy the activities of educating or instructing or teaching; activities that impart knowledge or skill; "he received no formal education"; "our instruction was carefully programmed"; "good teaching is seldom rewarded"
subtype: #coeducation education of men and women in the same institutions
subtype: #course__course_of_instruction__course_of_study__class__clas education imparted in a series of lessons or class meetings; "he took a course in basket weaving"; "flirting is not unknown in college classes"
subtype: #adult_education__adulteducation a course (via lectures or correspondence) for adults who are not otherwise engaged in formal study
subtype: #art_class__artclas a class in which you learn to draw or paint
subtype: #life_class an art class using a live human model
subtype: #childbirth-preparation_class a course that teaches pregnant women to use breathing and concentration and exercise techniques to use during labor
subtype: #correspondence_course a course offered (by mail) by a correspondence school
subtype: #course_of_lectures a series of lectures dealing with a subject
subtype: #extension_course__extensioncourse a course offered as part of an extension service
subtype: #orientation_course__orientationcourse__orientation a course introducing a new situation or environment
subtype: #propaedeutic__propaedeutics__propaedeutic a course that provides and introduction to an art or science (or to more advanced study generally)
subtype: #refresher_course__refreshercourse__refresher a course that reviews and updates a topic for those who have not kept abreast of developments
subtype: #seminar a course offered for a small group of advanced students
subtype: #workshop a brief intensive course for a small group; emphasizes problem solving
subtype: gu#GU_course__course_at_Griffith_Uni
subtype: gu#1017INT
instance: gu#1017INT_2006semester2
instance: gu#1017INT_2006semester2
subtype: gu#1015INT
subtype: gu#7007INT
subtype: gu#3403INT
subtype: #elementary_education education in elementary subjects (reading and writing and arithmetic) provided to young students at a grade school
subtype: #university_extension__extension__extension_service__extensionservice an educational opportunity provided by colleges and universities to people who not enrolled as regular students
subtype: #extracurricular_activity__extracurricularactivity educational activities not falling within the scope of the regular curriculum
subtype: #dramatics__dramatic participation in theatrical productions as an extracurricular activity
subtype: #athletics__athletic participation in sports events as an extracurricular activity
subtype: #higher_education education provided by a college or university
subtype: #secondary_education__secondaryeducation education beyond the elementary grades provided by a high school or college preparatory school
subtype: #work-study_program an educational plan in which students alternate between paid employment and formal study
subtype: is#teaching_an_IS_related_subject
subtype: #grooming__training__preparation activity leading to skilled behavior
subtype: #discipline training to improve strength or self-control
subtype: #exercise__practice_session__practice__drill systematic training by multiple repetitions; "practice makes perfect"
subtype: #fire_drill an exercise intended to train people in duties and escape procedures to be followed in case of fire
subtype: #manual_of_arms__manual (military) a prescribed drill in handling a rifle
subtype: #military_drill__drill training in marching and the use of weapons
subtype: #close-order_drill__closeorderdrill (military) military drill of troops in standard marching (shoulder-to-shoulder)
subtype: #square-bashing (British military slang) drill on a barracks square
subtype: #rehearsal (psychology) a form of practice; repetition of information (silently or aloud) in order to keep it in short-term memory
subtype: #dry_run__dryrun__rehearsal__run_through__runthrough a practice session in preparation for a public performance (as of a play or speech or concert); "he missed too many rehearsals"; "a rehearsal will be held the day before the wedding"
subtype: #dress_rehearsal__dressrehearsal a full rehearsal shortly before the first performance
subtype: #brushup__review practice intended to polish performance or refresh the memory
subtype: #rub_up__rubup (British) a review that refreshes your memory; "I need a rub up on my Latin"
subtype: #scrimmage practice play between a football team's squads
subtype: #shadowboxing sparring with an imaginary opponent (for exercise or training)
subtype: #target_practice practice in shooting at targets
subtype: #military_training training soldiers in military procedures
subtype: #retraining training for a new occupation
subtype: #schooling.grooming the training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage)
subtype: #skull_session__skullsession__skull_practice__skullpractice teaching strategy to an athletic team
subtype: #representation.activity an activity that stands as an equivalent of something or results in an equivalent
subtype: #modelling__model__modeling a representation of something (usually on a smaller scale)
subtype: #simulation the act of simulating
subtype: #war_game__wargame a simulated battle for training military commanders
subtype: #dramatization__dramatisation a dramatic representation
subtype: #guerrilla_theater__guerrillatheater__street_theater dramatization of a social issue; enacted outside in a park or on the street
subtype: #puppetry a stilted dramatic performance (as if by puppets)
subtype: #pageant__pageantry an elaborate representation of scenes from history etc; usually involves a parade with rich costumes
subtype: #figuration.representation representing figuratively as by emblem or allegory
subtype: #symbolizing__symbolising the act of representing something with a symbol
subtype: #schematization__schematisation__diagramming providing a chart or outline of a system
subtype: #pictorial_representation__pictorialrepresentation__picturing visual representation as by photography or painting
subtype: #depiction__delineation__portrayal representation by drawing or painting etc
subtype: #portraiture the activity of making portraits
subtype: #tomography__imaging (medicine) obtaining pictures of the interior of the body
subtype: #X-raying__X-radiation obtaining images by the use of X rays
subtype: #computed_tomography__CT__computerized_axial_tomography__computed_axial_tomography__CAT a method of examining body organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct an image
subtype: #sonography__ultrasonography using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram); commonly used to observe fetal growth
subtype: #positron_emission_tomography__PET using a computerized radiographic technique to examine the metabolic activity in various tissues (especially in the brain)
subtype: #magnetic_resonance_imaging__MRI the use of nuclear magnetic resonance of protons to produce proton density images
subtype: #functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging__fMRI a form of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain that registers blood flow to functioning areas of the brain
subtype: #radioscopy__radiology examination of the inner structure of opaque objects using X rays or other penetrating radiation
subtype: #fluoroscopy examination of body structures using a fluoroscope
subtype: #picture_taking__picturetaking__photography the act of taking and printing photographs
subtype: #radiography photography that uses other kinds of radiation than visible light
subtype: #roentgenography__xrayphotography radiography that uses X-rays to produce a roentgenogram
subtype: #angiography roentgenographic examination of blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium; produces an angiogram
subtype: #arthrography roentgenographic examination of a joint after injection of radiopaque contrast medium; produces an arthrogram
subtype: #arteriography roentgenographic examination of arteries
subtype: #venography roentgenographic examination of veins
subtype: #cholangiography roentgenographic examination of the bile ducts after a contrast medium has been injected
subtype: #encephalography roentgenography of the brain after spinal fluid has been replaced by a gas (usually oxygen); produces an encephalogram
subtype: #myelography roentgenography of the spinal cord to detect possible lesions (usually after injection of a contrast medium into the subarachnoid space)
subtype: #pyelography roentgenography of the kidney and ureters (usually after injection with a radiopaque dye)
subtype: #intravenous_pyelography__intravenouspyelography__IVP performing pyelography with intravenous injection of a contrast medium
subtype: #xeroradiography radiography using X-rays and xerographic (rather than roentgenographic) techniques
subtype: #xerography forming an image by the action of light on a specially coated charged plate; the latent image is developed with powders that adhere only to electrically charged areas; "edge enhancement is intrinsic in xerography"
subtype: #telephotography photography using a telephoto lens
subtype: #exposure.picture_taking the act of exposing film to light
subtype: #overexposure the act of exposing film to too much light or for too long a time
subtype: #underexposure the act of exposing film to too little light or for too short a time
subtype: #time_exposure exposure of a film for a relatively long time (more than half a second)
subtype: #filming__cinematography__motion-picture_photography the act of making a film
subtype: #take the act of photographing a scene or part of a scene without interruption
subtype: #retake a shot or scene that is photographed again
subtype: #animation the making of animated cartoons
subtype: #creation__creative_activity the human act of creating
subtype: #dismantling__disassembly the act of taking something apart (as a piece of machinery); "Russia and the US discussed the dismantling of their nuclear weapons"
subtype: #puncture the act of puncturing or perforating
subtype: #search__hunt__hunting the activity of looking thoroughly in order to find something or someone
subtype: #utilization__use__usage__utilisation__employment__exercise the act of using; "the steps were worn from years of use"
subtype: #measurement__measuring__measure__mensuration the act or process of measuring; "the measurements were carefully done"; "his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate"
subtype: #organization.activity__organisation__arrangement the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically; "in this new organization the container is much smaller"
subtype: #grouping the activity of putting things together in groups
subtype: #supporting__support the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening; "he leaned against the wall for support"
subtype: #continuation__continuance the act of continuing or resuming an activity
subtype: #procedure.activity__process__proces a particular course of action intended to achieve a results; "the procedure of obtaining a driver's license"; "it was a process of trial and error"
subtype: #ceremony any activity that is performed in an especially solemn elaborate or formal way; "the ceremony of smelling the cork and tasting the wine"; "he makes a ceremony of addressing his golf ball"; "he disposed of it without ceremony"
subtype: #ceremony.activity the proper or conventional behavior on some solemn occasion; "an inaugural ceremony"
subtype: #worship the activity of worshipping
subtype: #energizing__activating__activation the activity of causing to have energy and be active
subtype: #presentation the activity of presenting something
subtype: #concealing__concealment__hiding the activity of keeping something secret
subtype: #locating__placement__location__position__positioning__emplacement the act of putting something in a certain place or location
subtype: #supplying__provision__supply the activity of supplying or providing something
subtype: #demand.activity the act of demanding; "the kidnapper's exorbitant demands for money"
subtype: #pleasure an activity that affords enjoyment; "he puts duty before pleasure"
subtype: #delectation act of receiving pleasure from something
subtype: #marketplace__market the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold; "without competition there would be no market"; "they were driven from the marketplace"
subtype: #readying__preparation the activity of preparing
subtype: #assistance__aid__help the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose: "he gave me an assist with the housework"; "could not walk without assistance"; "rescue party went to their aid"; "offered his help in unloading"
subtype: #support.activity the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities; "his support kept the family together"; "they gave him emotional support during difficult times"
subtype: #conduct__behavior__behaviour__doings manner of acting or conducting yourself
subtype: #behavior__behaviour (psychology) the aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements made by an organism in any situation
subtype: #leadership__leading the activity of leading; "his leadership inspired the team"
subtype: #precedence__precession__precedency the act of preceding (as in a ceremony)
subtype: #solo any activity that is performed alone without assistance
subtype: #buzz a confusion of activity and gossip; "the buzz of excitement was so great that a formal denial was issued"
subtype: #fun violent and excited activity; "she asked for money and then the fun began"; (colloquial) "they began to fight like fun"
subtype: #sin.activity__hell (colloquial) violent and excited activity; "they began to fight like sin"
subtype: #outlet__release activity that releases or expresses creative energy or emotion; "she had no other outlet for her feelings"
subtype: #last a person's dying act; the last thing a person can do; "he breathed his last"
subtype: #perturbation__disturbance activity that is an intrusion or interruption; "he looked around for the source of the disturbance"; "there was a disturbance of neural function"
subtype: #timekeeping the act or process of determining the time
subtype: #wearing__wear the act of having on your person as a covering or adornment; "she bought it for everyday wear"
subtype: #judgment__judgement__assessment the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event; "they criticized my judgment of the contestants"
subtype: #production.human_action the act or process of producing something; "Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous"; "the production of white blood cells"
subtype: #stay continuing or remaining in a place or state; "they had a nice stay in Paris"; "a lengthy hospital stay"; "a four-month stay in bankruptcy court"
subtype: #residency__residence__abidance the act of dwelling in a place
subtype: #inactivity being inactive
subtype: #laughter the act of laughing; the manifestation of joy or mirth of scorn; "he enjoyed the laughter of the crowd"
subtype: #hindrance__interference the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding
subtype: #stoppage__stop the act of stopping something; "the third baseman made some remarkable stops"; "stoppage of the flow resulted in a flood"
subtype: #group_action__groupaction action taken by a group of people
subtype: #distribution the act of distributing or spreading or apportioning
subtype: #permissive_waste__waste (law) reduction in the value of an estate caused by act or neglect
subtype: #communicating__communication the activity of communicating
subtype: #speech_act the use of language to perform some act
subtype: pm#process_playing_some_role
subtype: pm#state situation that is not a process
subtype: pm#situation_playing_some_role e.g., a causal situation
subtype: dl#perdurant__occurence___PD
subtype: sumo#process__proces__physicalsituation intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages; examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like pursuing and reading, and biological processes; sumo#process is not identical to pm#situation because an instance of pm#situation is not necessarily an instance of sumo#physical
subtype: sowa#process__proces__physicalindependentoccurrent___spatially_located_process click here for details
subtype: sowa#participation__physical_relative_occurrent click here for details
subtype: sowa#situation__physical_mediating_occurrent___spatially_located_situation click here for details
subtype: pm#situation_categorized_in_an_ontology
subtype: pm#entity something that can be "involved" in a situation
subtype: pm#thing_playing_some_role category to classify things according to roles/viewpoints; classification under this category is application-dependant
subtype: sowa#independent_thing__independentthing Peirce/Sowa's notion of "firstness"; click here for details
subtype: sowa#continuant__spatial_entity_with_time_independent_identity click here for details
subtype: sowa#occurrent__thing_without_temporally_stable_identity click here for details
subtype: 3D#thing an object seen from a 3D (or endurantist) perspective, i.e. where a spatial entity may have a time independent identity, as opposed for example to the 4D perspective where each spatial entity has an associated time frame; click here and here for details
subtype: 4D#thing an object seen from a 3D (or perdurantist) perspective; click here and here for details
subtype: sumo#physical__physical_thing an entity that has a location in space-time; locations are themselves understood to have a location in space-time; click here for more details on the identical category sowa#physical_thing
subtype: cyc#partially_tangible__partiallytangible A subcollection of cyc#SpatialThing-Localized and cyc#TemporalThing. Each instance of cyc#PartiallyTangible has a tangible (i.e. material) part and a temporal extent (i.e. it exists in time). It might or might not also have an intangible part. For example, a particular copy of a book is made of matter, has temporal extent, and also has an intangible part: the information content of the text markings on its pages.
subtype: cyc#partially_intangible__partiallyintangible The collection of things that either are wholly intangible (see cyc#Intangible) or have at least one intangible (i.e. immaterial) part (see cyc#intangibleParts). This includes intangible individuals, such as instances of cyc#Number-General or cyc#Agreement, as well as non-individuals (all of which are intangible), i.e. instances of cyc#SetOrCollection. It also includes things that have both tangible and intangible components (see cyc#CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject), such as a printed copy of a newspaper (as its information content is intangible) or a person (as her mental states are intangible).
subtype: pm#undivisible_thing__undivisiblething thing with no proper part
subtype: pm#divisible_thing__divisiblething
subtype: cyc#temporal_thing The collection of all things that have temporal extent or location, i.e. things about which one might sensibly ask When? . cyc#TemporalThing thus contains many kinds of things, including events, physical objects, agreements, and abstract pieces of time. Note that cyc#TimePoint is a specialization of cyc#TemporalThing, since time points have temporal location, although they arguably lack temporal extent. Abstract things that are timeless -- such as mathematical sets, attributes, and numbers -- are of course _not_ instances of cyc#TemporalThing.
subtype: pm#non_temporal_thing
subtype: pm#individual__particular___supertype_of_1st_order_types all individuals (for concepts or relations) are implicitely or explicitely instance of that type
subtype: dolce#world
subtype: pm#thing_that_is_not_a_domain
subtype: pm#thing_categorized_in_an_ontology
subtype: pm#dbpedia_thing__dbpediathing
instance: pm#nothing (pm)
subtype: rdfs#datatype
subtype: owl#restriction
subtype: owl#all_different__alldifferent
subtype: owl#deprecated_class
subtype: dl#rigid__RG "all" the instances of a rigid type must "necessarily" be of this type at all times; role types such as #student or pm#tired_person are "non-rigid" and even "anti-rigid" since it is always possible for "any" student or tired person to cease being student or tired without loosing its identity
subtype: dl#leaf_type__L type without subtype
subtype: dl#non-empty__nonempty__NEP such a type "necessarily" has at least one instance
subtype: pm#situation_class__situationclas all situation types are instance of this class
subtype: pm#attribute_class__attributeclas class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#Attribute
subtype: pm#substance_class__substanceclas class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#substance
subtype: pm#virtual_class__virtualclas class that should not be used directly: its subtypes should be used instead
No statement uses or specializes sumo#class; click here to add one.
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