is#information_sciences_task__information_management_task__information_management__informationmanagement  may be "_subtask" would be more appropriate than "_task" here and in the subtypes
  supertype:  #cognitive_process__cognitiveproces__process__proces__cognitive_operation__cognitiveoperation__act  the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"
  object:  is#IS_structure
  object of:  #information_science (is)
  subtype:  is#IR_task__information_indexation_or_search__information_retrieval__informationretrieval__IR
     subtype:  is#information_indexation__informationindexation
        subtype:  is#information_structuring  increasing the number of relations between objects
           subtype:  is#increasing_the_number_of_relations_between_document_elements
              subtype:  is#document_structuring
              subtype:  is#increasing_the_number_of_relations_between_documents
           subtype:  is#reducing_the_size_of_document_elements
           subtype:  is#information_normalization__informationnormalization
              subtype:  is#data_normalization
              subtype:  is#representing_information_in_a_formal_or_semi_formal_way
                 subtype:  km#knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling  representing information in a more or less formal way
                    subtype:  km#knowledge_normalization  representing knowledge in a precise, organized and scalable manner; this implies reducing the number of non-automatically comparable ways information is or can be written, and increasing the number of relations between objects (especially common/important relations such as generalization relations, partOf relations and case relations)
                       subtype:  km#use_of_a_normalizing_KRL
                       subtype:  km#re-use_of_a_top_level_or_large_ontology
                          subtype:  km#following_of_an_ontological_principle
                             subtype:  km#following_of_a_principle_of_the_Ontoclean_methodology
                       subtype:  km#following_of_a_category_naming_principle  lexical normalization involves following object naming rules such as "using English singular nouns or nominal expressions" and "avoiding the Intercap style"
                          subtype:  km#following_of_the_InterCap_style_for_naming_categories
                          subtype:  km#following_of_an_underscore_based_style_for_naming_categories
                          subtype:  km#use_of_nouns_or_nominal_forms_for_naming_categories
                             subtype:  km#use_of_singular_nouns_or_nominal_forms_for_naming_categories
                       subtype:  km#following_of_a_phrasing_principle_for_category_annotations
                       subtype:  km#following_of_a_knowledge_organization_principle  Structural and ontological normalization involves following rules such as "when introducing an object into an ontology, relate it to all its already represented direct generalizations, specializations, components and containers", "use subtypeOf relations instead of or in addition to instanceOf relations when both cases are possible", "avoid the use of non binary relations" and "do not represent processes via relations"
                          subtype:  km#use_of_a_graph-oriented-reading_convention
                          subtype:  km#limiting_the_number_of_relation_types
                          subtype:  km#following_of_an_ontological_principle
                    subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_a_concise/organized/precise/readable_way
                       subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_a_concise_way
                       subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_an_organized_way  setting or presenting many relations between categories or statements
                          subtype:  km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_conceptual_objects
                             subtype:  km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_relation_types
                             subtype:  km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_concept_types
                             subtype:  km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_objects_from_different_users
                       subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_a_readable_way
                       subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_a_precise_way  precise or explicit
                    subtype:  km#knowledge_modelling/classification/extraction__knowledgemodelling/classification/extraction__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA_task__KA  this is "knowledge acquisition" in its restricted sense; in its broader sense, it is equivalent to "knowledge management"
                       subtype:  km#KA_from_people
                       subtype:  km#KA_from_data
                          subtype:  km#semi_automatic_KA_from_data__knowledge_discovery__knowledgediscovery__data_mining
                             subtype:  km#semi_automatic_KA_from_data_by_classification
                                subtype:  km#concept_clustering_from_data
                             subtype:  km#knowledge_extraction_from_documents
                                subtype:  km#semantic_web_mining
                                subtype:  km#knowledge-oriented_NLP
                                   subtype:  km#CG_extraction_by_NLP
                                subtype:  km#ontology_extraction_from_documents
                                   subtype:  km#terminological_analysis
                                subtype:  km#document_structure_analysis_or_discovery
                             subtype:  km#knowledge_extraction_from_databases__knowledge_discovery_in_databases__KDD
                                subtype:  km#FCA_based_KDD
                       subtype:  km#classification
                          subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering__concept_clusterization__conceptclusterization  it can be used both for KA and IR, from knowledge or data
                             subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_generalization_hierarchy
                                subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_category_generalization_hierarchy
                                   subtype:  km#FCA_based_conceptual_clustering
                                      subtype:  km#FCA_attribute_exploration  FCA technique addressing the problem of a context where the object set is not completely known a priori, or too large to be listed
                                      subtype:  km#FCA_concept_exploration  FCA technique addressing the problem of a context where both the object set and the attribute set are not completely known a priori, or too large to be listed
                                   subtype:  km#type_classification
                                   subtype:  km#instance_classification__instance_learning  assignement of instances to types of concepts/relations
                                subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_CG_generalization_hierarchy
                             subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_data
                                subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_database
                                subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_documents
                                   subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_emails
                          subtype:  km#classification_by_semantic_grids
                    subtype:  km#language/structure_specific_knowledge_representation
                       subtype:  km#CG_based_KR
                    subtype:  km#methodology_specific_knowledge_representation_or_modelling
                       subtype:  km#task_related_to_the_creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
                          subtype:  km#creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
                          subtype:  km#combination_and_instantiation_of_generic_task_models
                          subtype:  km#selection_and_adaptation_of_domain_ontologies
        subtype:  is#information_precising__informationprecising
           subtype:  is#information_explicitation
              subtype:  is#representing_information_in_a_formal_or_semi_formal_way
              subtype:  is#making_an_informal_sentence_less_contextual
              subtype:  is#information_normalization__informationnormalization
        subtype:  is#data_indexation__informal_object_indexation
           subtype:  is#document_indexation
           subtype:  is#data_indexation_in_database
     subtype:  is#information_search__informationsearch
        subtype:  is#document_search
        subtype:  is#lexical_search__lexicalsearch__stringsearch  search of a string of character
           subtype:  is#regular_expression_based_search
           subtype:  is#keyword_based_statistical_search__keywordbasedstatisticalsearch
        subtype:  is#informal_index_based_search
        subtype:  is#knowledge_based_information_search__knowledgebasedinformationsearch
           subtype:  is#knowledge_based_document_search
              subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_documents
           subtype:  km#knowledge_search_task
              subtype:  km#specialization_search__implication_search__implicationsearch
                 subtype:  km#specialization_structural_search
                 subtype:  km#complete_specialization_search
              subtype:  km#generalization_search
                 subtype:  km#generalization_structural_search
                    subtype:  km#generalization_structural_search_of_FOL_statements
                 subtype:  km#complete_generalization_search
              subtype:  km#analogy_search__analogysearch
              subtype:  km#structure_only_based_search
                 subtype:  km#specialization_structural_search
                 subtype:  km#generalization_structural_search
              subtype:  km#complete_knowledge_search
              subtype:  km#incomplete_knowledge_search
              subtype:  km#consistent_knowledge_search
              subtype:  km#inconsistent_knowledge_search
     subtype:  is#information_presentation__informationpresentation
        subtype:  km#knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling  representing information in a more or less formal way
     subtype:  is#document_indexation_or_search__document_search__document_structuration  "indexation" also refers to structuring with via markup tags
        subtype:  is#document_indexation
        subtype:  is#document_search
        subtype:  is#keyword_based_document_indexation_or_search
        subtype:  is#metadata_based_structuration_or_search
        subtype:  is#knowledge_based_document_indexation_or_search
           subtype:  is#knowledge_based_document_search
     subtype:  is#data_indexation_or_search_in_a_database
        subtype:  is#data_indexation_in_database
  subtype:  is#database_management_task__database_management  a DB management (sub)task
     subtype:  is#data_indexation_or_search_in_a_database
     subtype:  is#mapping/merging/federation_of_DBs
  subtype:  is#document_management_task__document_management
     subtype:  is#document_indexation_or_search__document_search__document_structuration  "indexation" also refers to structuring with via markup tags
  subtype:  is#distributed_system_management_task__distributed_system_management
  subtype:  is#supporting_cooperation
     subtype:  is#supporting_synchronous_cooperation
     subtype:  is#supporting_asynchronous_cooperation
     subtype:  is#information_sharing__informationsharing
        subtype:  is#data_sharing
        subtype:  km#knowledge_sharing__knowledgesharing
           subtype:  km#synchronous_knowledge_sharing__synchronousknowledgesharing
           subtype:  km#asynchronous_knowledge_sharing
           subtype:  km#private_module_based_knowledge_sharing
           subtype:  km#fully_shared_knowledge_based_sharing
        subtype:  is#information_publishing__informationpublishing
  subtype:  is#software_engineering_task__software_engineering
     subtype:  is#software_classification
     subtype:  is#graphical_interface_engineering__graphicalinterfaceengineering
  subtype:  is#teaching_an_IS_related_subject
     subtype:  km#teaching_a_KM_related_subject
        subtype:  km#teaching_CGs
  subtype:  is#IS_methodology_task  a task of a methodology in Information Sciences
     subtype:  is#distributed_system_methodology_task
  subtype:  km#KM_task  a K.M. (sub)task
     subtype:  km#knowledge_management__knowledgemanagement__km__knowledge_engineering__knowledgeengineering__KE__conceptual_knowledge_processing__CKP__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA  KM is a KM_task itself, the one that any other KM_tasks are a subtask of
        subtype:  km#prototype_based_KA
        subtype:  km#model_based_KA
     subtype:  km#knowledge_comparison__knowledgecomparison
        subtype:  km#graph_matching__graphmatching
           subtype:  km#CG_matching
     subtype:  km#knowledge_inference/reasoning/generation__knowledgeinference/reasoning/generation
        subtype:  km#generalizing__generalization__generalising__generalisation
           subtype:  km#deduction
           subtype:  km#abduction
           subtype:  km#induction
        subtype:  km#specializing__specialization__specialising__specialisation
        subtype:  km#analogy_making__analogymaking
           subtype:  km#case_base_reasoning__CBR
        subtype:  km#monotonic_reasoning__monotonicreasoning
        subtype:  km#non_monotonic_reasoning__nonmonotonicreasoning
           subtype:  km#belief_revision__beliefrevision
              subtype:  km#permissive_belief_revision
        subtype:  km#consistent_inference
           subtype:  km#consistent_knowledge_search
        subtype:  km#inconsistent_inference
           subtype:  km#inconsistent_knowledge_search
        subtype:  km#complete_inference
           subtype:  km#complete_knowledge_search
        subtype:  km#incomplete_inference
           subtype:  km#incomplete_knowledge_search
        subtype:  km#structure-only_based_inference
           subtype:  km#structure_only_based_search
        subtype:  km#rule_based_inference
     subtype:  km#knowledge_validation__knowledgevalidation
        subtype:  km#validation_of_KB_conceptual_model
        subtype:  km#KB_validation
        subtype:  km#validation_of_knowledge_implementation
        subtype:  km#consistency_checking__consistencychecking
        subtype:  km#completeness_checking
     subtype:  km#knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling  representing information in a more or less formal way
     subtype:  km#knowledge_search_task
     subtype:  km#knowledge_sharing__knowledgesharing
     subtype:  km#knowledge_mapping/merging/federation__knowledgemapping/merging/federation  mapping refers to the setting of semantic links between some categories of the different KBs
        subtype:  km#mapping/merging/federation_of_ontologies
        subtype:  km#mapping/merging/federation_of_CG_based_KBs
        subtype:  km#mapping/merging/federation_of_FCA_based_KBs
     subtype:  km#knowledge_import/export__knowledgeimport/export
        subtype:  km#knowledge_translation__knowledgetranslation
           subtype:  km#conversion_between_CG_and_other_models_or_notations
              subtype:  km#conversion_between_RDF_and_CG
              subtype:  km#FCA_based_storage_of_CGs
           subtype:  km#conversion_between_FCA_and_other_models_or_notations
              subtype:  km#FCA_based_storage_of_CGs
              subtype:  km#conversion_from_EGs_to_concept_graphs_with_cuts
     subtype:  km#knowledge_evaluation__knowledgeevaluation
     subtype:  km#collecting_knowledge_for_modelling
        subtype:  km#eliciting_knowledge_from_a_person
     subtype:  km#teaching_a_KM_related_subject
     subtype:  km#language/structure_specific_task
        subtype:  km#CG_task
           subtype:  km#CG_extraction_by_NLP
           subtype:  km#CG_based_KR
           subtype:  km#mapping/merging/federation_of_CG_based_KBs
           subtype:  km#CG_matching
           subtype:  km#conversion_between_CG_and_other_models_or_notations
           subtype:  km#teaching_CGs
           subtype:  km#CG_methodology_task
        subtype:  km#FCA_task  a FCA (sub)task
           subtype:  km#FCA_based_KDD
           subtype:  km#mapping/merging/federation_of_FCA_based_KBs
           subtype:  km#FCA_based_conceptual_clustering
           subtype:  km#FCA_methodology_task
        subtype:  km#language/structure_specific_knowledge_representation
     subtype:  km#KM_methodology_task  a task advised by a KM methodology
        subtype:  km#KR_methodology_task  lexical/ontological/structural rules/conventions for a better checking/search/exploitation/re-use/sharing of the knowledge
           subtype:  km#ontology_building_methodology_task
           subtype:  km#Peirce_based_KR_methodology_task
        subtype:  km#KA_methodology_task__knowledge_acquisition_methodology_task__knowledgeacquisitionmethodologytask__knowledge_modelling_methodology_task__knowledgemodellingmethodologytask
           subtype:  km#prototype_based_KA_methodology_task  km#prototype_based_KA or any substask of it
              subtype:  km#prototype_based_KA
           subtype:  km#model_based_KA_methodology_task__modelbasedkamethodologytask  km#model_based_KA or any substask of it
              subtype:  km#model_based_KA
              subtype:  km#task_related_to_the_creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
              subtype:  km#creation/update_of_the_KBS_design_model
              subtype:  km#use_of_the_KBS_design_model_to_create/update_the_KBS
              subtype:  km#KADS_task  a task of Knowledge Acquisition and Design Structuring
                 subtype:  km#KADS-I__KADS-1__KADS1
                 subtype:  km#CommonKADS__Common-KADS__KADS-II__KADS-2__KADS2
        subtype:  km#methodology_specific_knowledge_representation_or_modelling

27 statements are about indirect instances of is#information_sciences_task: km#graph1_on_article, km#graph2_on_article, km#graph4_on_article, km#graph5_on_article, km#graph6_on_article, km#graph8_on_article, km#graph9_on_article, km#graph11_on_article, km#graph12_on_article, km#graph13_on_article, km#graph14_on_article, km#graph15_on_article, km#graph16_on_article, km#graph17_on_article, km#graph18_on_article, km#graph1_on_PhD_thesis, km#graph1_on_book, km#graph19_on_article, km#graph20_on_article, km#graph21_on_article, km#graph22_on_article, km#graph24_on_article, km#graph2_on_PhD_thesis, km#graph25_on_article, km#graph26_on_article, km#graph30_on_article, km#graph34_on_article click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement

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